Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems are of great environmental significance, because of their fragility and role in feeding and breeding various animal species. In northeastern Brazil, the disorderly occupation of estuarine areas and the urban sprawl have led to a considerable loss of the original area occupied by mangroves. In the municipality of Cabedelo, State of Paraíba, there are about 4,900 ha of remnant mangrove areas in the estuarine complex of the Paraíba River. However, information about the attributes of mangrove soils at this location is quite scarce. The aim of this study was to quantify the soil organic matter and soil acidity in mangroves located in the estuary of the Paraíba River, State of Paraíba, Brazil, in order to increase the database of soil attributes in this region. The study area is in local influence of the Restinga de Cabedelo National Forest (Flona), an environmental conservation unit of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. For the choice of sampling points, we considered an area that receives direct influence of the eviction of domestic and industrial effluents. The soil of the study area is an “Organossolo Háplico” in Brazilian Soil Classification (Histosol), and was sampled at four point sites: one upstream of the effluent discharge (P1), one in the watercourse receiving effluent water (P2), one downstream of the effluent discharge (P3) and another near Flona (P4), at 0-20 and 20-40 cm, in four replications in time (28/08/2012 in the morning and afternoon, and 21/01/2013 in the morning and afternoon). Potential acidity, pH and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. No significant differences were detected in the potential acidity of the four collection sites, which ranged from 0.38 to 0.45 cmolc dm-3. Soil pH was greatest at point P4 (7.0) and lowest at point P1 (5.8). The SOM was highest at point P1 (86.4 %) and lowest at P2 (77.9
%). The attributes related to soil acidity were not sensitive to indicate differences in the environments we evaluated, and seem not to indicate the contamination of mangroves by discharge of sewage into water bodies that border these environments. The high organic matter content of soils in the mangrove may have helped avoid significant fluctuations in soil acidity, because of the large buffering capacity.

Keywords

Organic carbon, conservation systems, soil aggregates, sustainability

References

<p>Almeida, T.M.V., 2010. Relat&oacute;rio Ambiental: sistema de esgotamento sanit&aacute;rio de Cabedelo. CAGEPA, Subger&ecirc;ncia de Hidrologia Ambiental, 13p.</p>

<p>BRASIL. Presid&ecirc;ncia da Rep&uacute;blica. Casa Civil. Subchefia para Assuntos Jur&iacute;dicos. Decreto de 2 de junho de 2004. Cria a Floresta Nacional da Restinga de Cabedelo, no Munic&iacute;pio de Cabedelo, no Estado da Para&iacute;ba, e d&aacute; outras provid&ecirc;ncias. Available at http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Dnn/Dnn10195.htm. Accessed on 30/06/2014.</p>

<p>Carmo, D.L., Silva, C.A. 2012. M&eacute;todos de quantifica&ccedil;&atilde;o de carbono e mat&eacute;ria org&acirc;nica em res&iacute;duos org&acirc;nicos. Revista Brasileira de Ci&ecirc;ncia do Solo, 36: 1211-1220.</p>

<p>Embrapa. Manual de m&eacute;todos de an&aacute;lise de solo - 2&ordf; edi&ccedil;&atilde;o revista. Documentos 132. Embrapa Solos. Rio de Janeiro. 230 p, 2011.</p>

<p>FAO. 2007. The world&rsquo;s mangroves. 1980-2005. FAO Forestry Paper 153. A thematic study prepared in the framework of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005. Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations. Rome. 2007. Available at: &lt; http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1427e.pdf&gt;. Accessed on 30/06/2014.</p>

<p>Gomes, M.A.F., Pereira, L.C., 2011. &Aacute;reas fr&aacute;geis no Brasil: subs&iacute;dios &agrave; legisla&ccedil;&atilde;o ambiental. Jaguari&uacute;na, SP: Embrapa Meio Ambiente, 2011. 30 p. (Documentos / Embrapa Meio Ambiente; 87).</p>

<p>Grisi, T.C.S.L., Gorlach-Lira, K., 2010. The Abundance of some Pathogenic Bacteria In Mangrove Habitats of Paraiba do Norte Estuary and Crabmeat Contamination of Mangrove Crab Ucides cordatus. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53(1): 227-234.</p>

<p>IBGE. 2007. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat&iacute;stica. Manual T&eacute;cnico de Pedologia. Diretoria de Geoci&ecirc;ncias. Coordena&ccedil;&atilde;o de Recursos Naturais e Estudos Ambientais. Manuais T&eacute;cnicos em Geoci&ecirc;ncias, n&uacute;mero 4. 2&ordf; edi&ccedil;&atilde;o. Rio de Janeiro, 316 p. Il.</p>

<p>ICMBio. 2014. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conserva&ccedil;&atilde;o para a Biodiversidade. Projeto Manguezais do Brasil. Available at http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/o-que-fazemos/programas-e-projetos/projeto-manguezais-do-brasil.html. Accessed on 30/06/2014.</p>

<p>Marcelino, R.L., 2000. Diagn&oacute;stico socioambiental do estu&aacute;rio do Rio Para&iacute;ba do Norte-PB, com &ecirc;nfase nos conflitos de uso e interfer&ecirc;ncias humanas em sua &aacute;rea de influ&ecirc;ncia direta. Jo&atilde;o Pessoa, PB, 2000, 99 p. (Masters Degree Thesis) &ndash; Universidade Federal da Para&iacute;ba, Programa de P&oacute;s-gradua&ccedil;&atilde;o em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente.</p>

<p>Nishida, A.K., Nordi, N., Alves, R.R., 2008. da N. Aspectos socioecon&ocirc;micos dos catadores de moluscos do litoral paraibano, Nordeste do Brasil Revista de Biologia e Ci&ecirc;ncias da Terra, vol. 8, n&uacute;m. 1, pp. 207-215, Universidade Estadual da Para&iacute;ba, Brasil. 208 p.</p>

<p>Oliveira Neto, M.B. De, Silva, M.S.L. 20111. da. Solos Indiscriminados de Mangue. Territ&oacute;rio Mata Sul Pernambucana. Ag&ecirc;ncia EMBRAPA de Informa&ccedil;&atilde;o Tecnol&oacute;gica. Available at: http://www.agencia.cnptia.embrapa.br/gestor/ territorio_mata_sul_pernambucana/arvore/CONT000gt7eon7j02wx7ha087apz2c3xd0do.html.</p>

<p>Prada-Gamero, R.M., Vidal-Torrado, P., Ferreira, T.O., 2004. Mineralogia e f&iacute;sico-qu&iacute;mica dos solos de mangue do rio Iriri no canal de Bertioga (Santos, SP). Revista Brasileira de Ci&ecirc;ncia do Solo, 28: 233-243.</p>

<p>Schaeffer-Novelli, Y., 1991. Manguezais Brasileiros. 42 p. Thesis (Livre-Doc&ecirc;ncia em Oceanografia Biol&oacute;gica)- Instituto Oceanogr&aacute;fico, Universidade de S&atilde;o Paulo, S&atilde;o Paulo.</p>

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems are of great environmental significance, because of their fragility and role in feeding and breeding various animal species. In northeastern Brazil, the disorderly occupation of estuarine areas and the urban sprawl have led to a considerable loss of the original area occupied by mangroves. In the municipality of Cabedelo, State of Paraíba, there are about 4,900 ha of remnant mangrove areas in the estuarine complex of the Paraíba River. However, information about the attributes of mangrove soils at this location is quite scarce. The aim of this study was to quantify the soil organic matter and soil acidity in mangroves located in the estuary of the Paraíba River, State of Paraíba, Brazil, in order to increase the database of soil attributes in this region. The study area is in local influence of the Restinga de Cabedelo National Forest (Flona), an environmental conservation unit of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. For the choice of sampling points, we considered an area that receives direct influence of the eviction of domestic and industrial effluents. The soil of the study area is an “Organossolo Háplico” in Brazilian Soil Classification (Histosol), and was sampled at four point sites: one upstream of the effluent discharge (P1), one in the watercourse receiving effluent water (P2), one downstream of the effluent discharge (P3) and another near Flona (P4), at 0-20 and 20-40 cm, in four replications in time (28/08/2012 in the morning and afternoon, and 21/01/2013 in the morning and afternoon). Potential acidity, pH and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. No significant differences were detected in the potential acidity of the four collection sites, which ranged from 0.38 to 0.45 cmolc dm-3. Soil pH was greatest at point P4 (7.0) and lowest at point P1 (5.8). The SOM was highest at point P1 (86.4 %) and lowest at P2 (77.9
%). The attributes related to soil acidity were not sensitive to indicate differences in the environments we evaluated, and seem not to indicate the contamination of mangroves by discharge of sewage into water bodies that border these environments. The high organic matter content of soils in the mangrove may have helped avoid significant fluctuations in soil acidity, because of the large buffering capacity.

Keywords: Organic carbon, conservation systems, soil aggregates, sustainability

References

Almeida, T.M.V., 2010. Relatório Ambiental: sistema de esgotamento sanitário de Cabedelo. CAGEPA, Subgerência de Hidrologia Ambiental, 13p.

BRASIL. Presidência da República. Casa Civil. Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos. Decreto de 2 de junho de 2004. Cria a Floresta Nacional da Restinga de Cabedelo, no Município de Cabedelo, no Estado da Paraíba, e dá outras providências. Available at http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Dnn/Dnn10195.htm. Accessed on 30/06/2014.

Carmo, D.L., Silva, C.A. 2012. Métodos de quantificação de carbono e matéria orgânica em resíduos orgânicos. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 36: 1211-1220.

Embrapa. Manual de métodos de análise de solo - 2ª edição revista. Documentos 132. Embrapa Solos. Rio de Janeiro. 230 p, 2011.

FAO. 2007. The world’s mangroves. 1980-2005. FAO Forestry Paper 153. A thematic study prepared in the framework of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005. Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations. Rome. 2007. Available at: < http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1427e.pdf>. Accessed on 30/06/2014.

Gomes, M.A.F., Pereira, L.C., 2011. Áreas frágeis no Brasil: subsídios à legislação ambiental. Jaguariúna, SP: Embrapa Meio Ambiente, 2011. 30 p. (Documentos / Embrapa Meio Ambiente; 87).

Grisi, T.C.S.L., Gorlach-Lira, K., 2010. The Abundance of some Pathogenic Bacteria In Mangrove Habitats of Paraiba do Norte Estuary and Crabmeat Contamination of Mangrove Crab Ucides cordatus. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53(1): 227-234.

IBGE. 2007. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Manual Técnico de Pedologia. Diretoria de Geociências. Coordenação de Recursos Naturais e Estudos Ambientais. Manuais Técnicos em Geociências, número 4. 2ª edição. Rio de Janeiro, 316 p. Il.

ICMBio. 2014. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação para a Biodiversidade. Projeto Manguezais do Brasil. Available at http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/o-que-fazemos/programas-e-projetos/projeto-manguezais-do-brasil.html. Accessed on 30/06/2014.

Marcelino, R.L., 2000. Diagnóstico socioambiental do estuário do Rio Paraíba do Norte-PB, com ênfase nos conflitos de uso e interferências humanas em sua área de influência direta. João Pessoa, PB, 2000, 99 p. (Masters Degree Thesis) – Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente.

Nishida, A.K., Nordi, N., Alves, R.R., 2008. da N. Aspectos socioeconômicos dos catadores de moluscos do litoral paraibano, Nordeste do Brasil Revista de Biologia e Ciências da Terra, vol. 8, núm. 1, pp. 207-215, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Brasil. 208 p.

Oliveira Neto, M.B. De, Silva, M.S.L. 20111. da. Solos Indiscriminados de Mangue. Território Mata Sul Pernambucana. Agência EMBRAPA de Informação Tecnológica. Available at: http://www.agencia.cnptia.embrapa.br/gestor/ territorio_mata_sul_pernambucana/arvore/CONT000gt7eon7j02wx7ha087apz2c3xd0do.html.

Prada-Gamero, R.M., Vidal-Torrado, P., Ferreira, T.O., 2004. Mineralogia e físico-química dos solos de mangue do rio Iriri no canal de Bertioga (Santos, SP). Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 28: 233-243.

Schaeffer-Novelli, Y., 1991. Manguezais Brasileiros. 42 p. Thesis (Livre-Docência em Oceanografia Biológica)- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.