Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Abstract

To investigate the accumulation of lead (Pb) by radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivars a study was carried out at Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan (Pakistan), during 2012. Two radish varieties i.e., exotic and local, were used. The treatments included sewage water and different concentrations of Pb at 25, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1. The results showed that the total biomass of both the radish varieties were nonsignificantly influenced by the applied Pb concentrations and sewage water, except for root diameter which were significantly greater in the local cultivar (3.261 cm). Pb treatments significantly reduced the growth and yield of both the cultivars. While the Pb uptake by the root and leaf of radish plants was increased by the increasing the applied Pb levels, with the highest value for root (19.008 mg kg-1) and leaf (16.134 mg kg-1) in the treatment receiving the highest applied Pb concentrations. The total biomass, fresh weight of root and root diameter was found significantly higher except for Pb at 400 mg L-1, in the plants receiving sewage water as compared to the control and different levels of Pb. The interaction amongst the varieties and treatments were found significantly different for various parameters. Thus, it can be concluded, that the use of sewage water and Pb contaminated wastewater results in higher metal concentration in the radish root and may lead to different types of health problems to consumers.

Keywords

Lead (Pb), sewage water, radish cultivars, Pb uptake

References

<p>Ahmad. B., Bakhsh, K., Sarfraz, H., 2006. Effect of sewage water on spinach yield. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 8: 423-425.</p>

<p>Alexander, P.D., Alloway, B. J., Dourado, A.M., 2006. Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn exhibited by six commonly grown vegetables. Environmental Pollution 144: 736-745.</p>

<p>Allen, S. E., Grimshaw, H. M., Rowland, A. P., Moore, P. D., Chapman, S. B., 1986. Methods in plant ecology: Chemical analysis. (Eds.). London Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford. 285&ndash;344</p>

<p>Arora, M., Kiran, B., Rani, A., Barinder, K., Mittal, M., 2008. Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. Food Chemistry 111: 811&ndash;815.</p>

<p>ATSDR, (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) 2007. Toxicological profile for Pb (Update). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.</p>

<p>Bakhsh, K., Hassan, S., 2005. Use of sewage water for radish cultivation: A case study of Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Social Sciences 4: 322-326.</p>

<p>Bigdeli, M., Seilsepour, M., 2008. Investigation of metals accumulation in some vegetables irrigated with wastewater in shahre rey-Iran and toxicological implications. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 4: 86-92.</p>

<p>Chatterjee, C., Dube, B. K., Sinha, P., Srivastava, P., 2004. Detrimental effects of lead phytotoxicity on growth, yield, and metabolism of rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35: 255&ndash;265.</p>

<p>Finster, M.E, Gray, K. A., Binns, H. J., 2004. Lead levels of edibles grown in contaminated residential soils: a field survey. Science of the Total Environment 320: 245-57.</p>

<p>Gopal, A. R., Rizvi, A. H. 2008. Excess lead alters growth, metabolism and translocation of certain nutrients in radish. Chemosphere 70: 1539&ndash;1544.</p>

<p>Islam, E., Yang, X., Li, T., Liu, D., Jin, X., Meng, F., 2007. Effect of Pb toxicity on root morphology, physiology and ultra structure in the two ecotypes of Elsholtzia Argyi. Journal of Hazardous Materials 147: 806&ndash;816.</p>

<p>Kapourchal, A., Pazira, E., Homaee, M., 2009. Assessing radish (Raphanus sativus L.) potential for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soils resulting from air pollution. Plant Soil and Environment 5: 202&ndash;206.</p>

<p>Mathe-Gaspar, G., Anton, A., 2002. Heavy metal uptake by two radish varieties. Proceedings of the 7th Hungarian Congress on Plant Physiology. Acta Biolog. Szegediensis. 46, 113-114.</p>

<p>Padmavathiamma, P.K., Li. Y. L., 2007. Phytoremediation technology: hyper-accumulation metals in plants. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 184: 105-126.</p>

<p>Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J. H., 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. A biometrical approach. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill. New York, N.Y.</p>

<p>Vijayarengan, P. 2012. Growth and biochemical variations in radish under zinc applications. International Journal of Plant Sciences 2: 43-49.</p>

<p>Xie, J., Counillon, F., Zhu, J., Bertino, L. 2011. An eddy resolving tidal-driven model of the South China Sea assimilating along-track SLA data using the EnOI. Ocean Science 7: 609-627.</p>

<p>Zia, M.S., Khan, M. Q. Khan, M. J., 2008. Waste water use in agriculture and heavy metals pollution in soil plant system. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan 30: 424 -430.</p>

Abstract

To investigate the accumulation of lead (Pb) by radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivars a study was carried out at Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan (Pakistan), during 2012. Two radish varieties i.e., exotic and local, were used. The treatments included sewage water and different concentrations of Pb at 25, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1. The results showed that the total biomass of both the radish varieties were nonsignificantly influenced by the applied Pb concentrations and sewage water, except for root diameter which were significantly greater in the local cultivar (3.261 cm). Pb treatments significantly reduced the growth and yield of both the cultivars. While the Pb uptake by the root and leaf of radish plants was increased by the increasing the applied Pb levels, with the highest value for root (19.008 mg kg-1) and leaf (16.134 mg kg-1) in the treatment receiving the highest applied Pb concentrations. The total biomass, fresh weight of root and root diameter was found significantly higher except for Pb at 400 mg L-1, in the plants receiving sewage water as compared to the control and different levels of Pb. The interaction amongst the varieties and treatments were found significantly different for various parameters. Thus, it can be concluded, that the use of sewage water and Pb contaminated wastewater results in higher metal concentration in the radish root and may lead to different types of health problems to
consumers.

Keywords: Lead (Pb), sewage water, radish cultivars, Pb uptake

References

Ahmad. B., Bakhsh, K., Sarfraz, H., 2006. Effect of sewage water on spinach yield. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 8: 423-425.

Alexander, P.D., Alloway, B. J., Dourado, A.M., 2006. Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn exhibited by six commonly grown vegetables. Environmental Pollution 144: 736-745.

Allen, S. E., Grimshaw, H. M., Rowland, A. P., Moore, P. D., Chapman, S. B., 1986. Methods in plant ecology: Chemical analysis. (Eds.). London Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford. 285–344

Arora, M., Kiran, B., Rani, A., Barinder, K., Mittal, M., 2008. Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. Food Chemistry 111: 811–815.

ATSDR, (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) 2007. Toxicological profile for Pb (Update). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

Bakhsh, K., Hassan, S., 2005. Use of sewage water for radish cultivation: A case study of Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Social Sciences 4: 322-326.

Bigdeli, M., Seilsepour, M., 2008. Investigation of metals accumulation in some vegetables irrigated with wastewater in shahre rey-Iran and toxicological implications. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 4: 86-92.

Chatterjee, C., Dube, B. K., Sinha, P., Srivastava, P., 2004. Detrimental effects of lead phytotoxicity on growth, yield, and metabolism of rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35: 255–265.

Finster, M.E, Gray, K. A., Binns, H. J., 2004. Lead levels of edibles grown in contaminated residential soils: a field survey. Science of the Total Environment 320: 245-57.

Gopal, A. R., Rizvi, A. H. 2008. Excess lead alters growth, metabolism and translocation of certain nutrients in radish. Chemosphere 70: 1539–1544.

Islam, E., Yang, X., Li, T., Liu, D., Jin, X., Meng, F., 2007. Effect of Pb toxicity on root morphology, physiology and ultra structure in the two ecotypes of Elsholtzia Argyi. Journal of Hazardous Materials 147: 806–816.

Kapourchal, A., Pazira, E., Homaee, M., 2009. Assessing radish (Raphanus sativus L.) potential for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soils resulting from air pollution. Plant Soil and Environment 5: 202–206.

Mathe-Gaspar, G., Anton, A., 2002. Heavy metal uptake by two radish varieties. Proceedings of the 7th Hungarian Congress on Plant Physiology. Acta Biolog. Szegediensis. 46, 113-114.

Padmavathiamma, P.K., Li. Y. L., 2007. Phytoremediation technology: hyper-accumulation metals in plants. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 184: 105-126.

Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J. H., 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. A biometrical approach. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill. New York, N.Y.

Vijayarengan, P. 2012. Growth and biochemical variations in radish under zinc applications. International Journal of Plant Sciences 2: 43-49.

Xie, J., Counillon, F., Zhu, J., Bertino, L. 2011. An eddy resolving tidal-driven model of the South China Sea assimilating along-track SLA data using the EnOI. Ocean Science 7: 609-627.

Zia, M.S., Khan, M. Q. Khan, M. J., 2008. Waste water use in agriculture and heavy metals pollution in soil plant system. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan 30: 424 -430.