Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Abstract

Ultisol is soil that have problem of soil acidity, low organic matter and low available macro nutrient in particularly low P availability. This is only small part of phosphorus is available for plant because most of the phosphate was still present in the soil were fixed by soil colloids. Some soil microbes are known phosphate solubilizing microbes have capability to dissolve phosphate that transform of P fixed into the soluble P. The field experiment conducted at Jatinangor, West Java Indonesia to determine the effect of PSM on phosphate solubility, growth and yield of maize and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency. Design experiment of Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used in field experiment, consisted of two factors and three replications. Phosphate solubilizing microbe as the first factor consisted four levels i.e without, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF), mixture of PSB and PSF. While the second factor was P fertilizer consists five levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% doses of recomendation). The results of the field experiment showed that application of phosphate solubilizing microbes significantly improve the yield of maize in Ultisol Jatinangor, but did not significantly affect on soil P, available soil P, phosphatase and P uptake of plants. Application of a mixture of PSB and PSF better effect on soil available P and yield of maize. Phospate fertilizer dosing at a dose of 25 % , 50 % , 75 % and 100 % recommendations increased available soil P. Fertilizer of P could inhibit the activity of phosphatases. Phosphate fertilizer with dose 50 % recommendation gave better effect on soil P and yield of maize.

Keywords

Maize, phosphate solubilizing microbe, soil phosphate, phosphatase, Ultisol

References

<p>Cookson, P., 2002. Variation in phosphatase activity in soil : A case study. Agricultural Sciences (7)1 : 65-72.</p>

<p>Elfiati, D., 2005. The effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on plant growth. Department of Forestry, Agricultural Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara. Medan. e-USU Repository. 10p.</p>

<p>Fitriatin, B.N., Simarmata, T., 2005. The effect of seed treatment of Kinetin and phosphate solubilizing bacteria-producing growth regulator on growth ang yield of up land rice. Journal of Agrikultura, 16(2) : 84-88</p>

<p>Fitriatin, B.N., Setiawati, M., Suryatmana, P., 2006. The effect of dual inoculation of phosphate solubilizing microrganisms and mycorrhizae on P uptake colonization of mycorrhizal, growth and yield of Maize. Research Report. Universitas Padjadjaran.</p>

<p>Firtiatin, B.N., Joy, B., Subroto, T, 2007a. Study of phosphate solubilizing bacteria producing phosphatase and phytase to increase solubilize of soil P growth and yield of maize on Andisol. Research Report.</p>

<p>Firtiatin, B.N., Joy, B., Subroto, T., 2007b. Characterization Phosphatase Activity of Soil Microbes and Caralytic Strength on Organic Phosphorous Mineralization. Research Report. Insentif Programme. Ministry of Technology Indonesia.</p>

<p>Firtiatin, B.N., Joy, B., Subroto, T., 2008. The Influence of organic phosphorous substrate on phosphatase activity of soil microbes. International Seminar of Chemistry. 30-31 October 2008, Indonesia.</p>

<p>Fitriatin, B.N., Arief, D.H., Simarmata, T., Santosa, D.A., Joy, B., 2011. Phosphatase-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Sanggabuana Forest and Their Capability to Hydrolyze Organic Phosphate. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management 2(10): 299-303</p>

<p>Fitriatin, B.N., Yuniarti, A., Turmuktini, T., Saman, F.M., 2013. The effect of phosphate solubilizing microbe producing growth regulators to increase solubilizing of soil phosphate and yield of maize on marginal soil. Soil Water Journal (2)1:547 - 554</p>

<p>George., T.S., Gregory, P.J., Wood, M., Read, D., Buresh, R.J., 2002. Phosphatase activity and organic acids in the rhizosphere of potential agroforestry species and maize. Soil Biology and Biochemystry 34: 1487-1494.</p>

<p>Kaleeswari, R.K.S., Meena, M.R., Latha, P., Sarvanapandian, L.N., Indriani, R., 2007. Impact of organics and P solubilizing microorganisms on phosphatic fertilizers under wetland ecosystem. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 3: 577-580.</p>

<p>Margesin, R. 1996. Enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism : acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity with the subtrate p-nitrofenyl phosphate. Dalam F. Schinner, R. Ohlinger, E. Kandeler, and R. Margesin (Ed). Methodes in Soil Biology, Spinger-Verlag, berlin Heidelberg. Hlm. 213-217.</p>

<p>Ponmurugan, P., Gopi, C., 2006. In vitro production of growth regulators and phosphatase activity by phosphate solubilizing bacteria. African Journal of Biotechnology 5(4): 348-350.</p>

<p>Rao, S., 1994. Soil Microorganims and Plant Growth. Terjemahan. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia</p>

<p>Saparatka, N. 2003. Phosphatase activities (ACP, ALP) in Agroecosystem Soils. Doctoral thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Uppsala.</p>

<p>Sitepu, I.R., Y. Hashidoko, E. Santoso and S. Tahara. 2007. Potent phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from dipterocarps grown in peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan and their possible utilization for biorehabilitation of degraded peatland. Proceedings of the international symposium and workshop on tropical Peatland, Yogyakarta.</p>

<p>Subagyo, H., Suharta, N., dan Siswanto., A.B., 2004. Tanah-tanah pertanian di Indonesia. hlm. 21&minus;66. Dalam A. Adimihardja, L.I. Amien, F. Agus, D. Djaenudin (Ed.). Sumberdaya Lahan Indonesia dan Pengelolaannya. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat, Bogor.</p>

<p>Sundara, B., Natarajan, V., Hari, K., 2002. Influence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the changes in soil available phosphorus and sugarcane and yields. Field Crops Research 77: 43-49.</p>

<p>Tan, K.H., 2008. Soils in the Humid Tropics and Monsoon Region of Indonesia. CRC Press. Taylor and Francis Group. Boca Raton London New York.</p>

<p>Whitelaw, M.A., 1999. Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate solubilizing fungi. Advances in Agronomy 69 : 99-151.</p>

Abstract
Ultisol is soil that have problem of soil acidity, low organic matter and low available macro nutrient in particularly low P availability. This is only small part of phosphorus is available for plant because most of the phosphate was still present in the soil were fixed by soil colloids. Some soil microbes are known phosphate solubilizing microbes have capability to dissolve phosphate that transform of P fixed into the soluble P. The field experiment conducted at Jatinangor, West Java Indonesia to determine the effect of PSM on phosphate solubility, growth and yield of maize and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency. Design experiment of Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used in field experiment, consisted of two factors and three replications. Phosphate solubilizing microbe as the first factor consisted four levels i.e without, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF), mixture of PSB and PSF. While the second factor was P fertilizer consists five levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% doses of recomendation). The results of the field experiment showed that application of phosphate solubilizing microbes significantly improve the yield of maize in Ultisol Jatinangor, but did not significantly affect on soil P, available soil P, phosphatase and P uptake of plants. Application of a mixture of PSB and PSF better effect on soil available P and yield of maize. Phospate fertilizer dosing at a dose of 25 % , 50 % , 75 % and 100 % recommendations increased available soil P. Fertilizer of P could inhibit the activity of phosphatases. Phosphate fertilizer with dose 50 % recommendation gave better effect on soil P and yield of maize.

Keywords: Maize, phosphate solubilizing microbe, soil phosphate, phosphatase, Ultisol

References

Cookson, P., 2002. Variation in phosphatase activity in soil : A case study. Agricultural Sciences (7)1 : 65-72.

Elfiati, D., 2005. The effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on plant growth. Department of Forestry, Agricultural Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara. Medan. e-USU Repository. 10p.

Fitriatin, B.N., Simarmata, T., 2005. The effect of seed treatment of Kinetin and phosphate solubilizing bacteria-producing growth regulator on growth ang yield of up land rice. Journal of Agrikultura, 16(2) : 84-88

Fitriatin, B.N., Setiawati, M., Suryatmana, P., 2006. The effect of dual inoculation of phosphate solubilizing microrganisms and mycorrhizae on P uptake colonization of mycorrhizal, growth and yield of Maize. Research Report. Universitas Padjadjaran.

Firtiatin, B.N., Joy, B., Subroto, T, 2007a. Study of phosphate solubilizing bacteria producing phosphatase and phytase to increase solubilize of soil P growth and yield of maize on Andisol. Research Report.

Firtiatin, B.N., Joy, B., Subroto, T., 2007b. Characterization Phosphatase Activity of Soil Microbes and Caralytic Strength on Organic Phosphorous Mineralization. Research Report. Insentif Programme. Ministry of Technology Indonesia.

Firtiatin, B.N., Joy, B., Subroto, T., 2008. The Influence of organic phosphorous substrate on phosphatase activity of soil microbes. International Seminar of Chemistry. 30-31 October 2008, Indonesia.

Fitriatin, B.N., Arief, D.H., Simarmata, T., Santosa, D.A., Joy, B., 2011. Phosphatase-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Sanggabuana Forest and Their Capability to Hydrolyze Organic Phosphate. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management 2(10): 299-303

Fitriatin, B.N., Yuniarti, A., Turmuktini, T., Saman, F.M., 2013. The effect of phosphate solubilizing microbe producing growth regulators to increase solubilizing of soil phosphate and yield of maize on marginal soil. Soil Water Journal (2)1:547 - 554

George., T.S., Gregory, P.J., Wood, M., Read, D., Buresh, R.J., 2002. Phosphatase activity and organic acids in the rhizosphere of potential agroforestry species and maize. Soil Biology and Biochemystry 34: 1487-1494.

Kaleeswari, R.K.S., Meena, M.R., Latha, P., Sarvanapandian, L.N., Indriani, R., 2007. Impact of organics and P solubilizing microorganisms on phosphatic fertilizers under wetland ecosystem. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 3: 577-580.

Margesin, R. 1996. Enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism : acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity with the subtrate p-nitrofenyl phosphate. Dalam F. Schinner, R. Ohlinger, E. Kandeler, and R. Margesin (Ed). Methodes in Soil Biology, Spinger-Verlag, berlin Heidelberg. Hlm. 213-217.

Ponmurugan, P., Gopi, C., 2006. In vitro production of growth regulators and phosphatase activity by phosphate solubilizing bacteria. African Journal of Biotechnology 5(4): 348-350.

Rao, S., 1994. Soil Microorganims and Plant Growth. Terjemahan. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia

Saparatka, N. 2003. Phosphatase activities (ACP, ALP) in Agroecosystem Soils. Doctoral thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Uppsala.

Sitepu, I.R., Y. Hashidoko, E. Santoso and S. Tahara. 2007. Potent phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from dipterocarps grown in peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan and their possible utilization for biorehabilitation of degraded peatland. Proceedings of the international symposium and workshop on tropical Peatland, Yogyakarta.

Subagyo, H., Suharta, N., dan Siswanto., A.B., 2004. Tanah-tanah pertanian di Indonesia. hlm. 21−66. Dalam A. Adimihardja, L.I. Amien, F. Agus, D. Djaenudin (Ed.). Sumberdaya Lahan Indonesia dan Pengelolaannya. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat, Bogor.

Sundara, B., Natarajan, V., Hari, K., 2002. Influence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the changes in soil available phosphorus and sugarcane and yields. Field Crops Research 77: 43-49.

Tan, K.H., 2008. Soils in the Humid Tropics and Monsoon Region of Indonesia. CRC Press. Taylor and Francis Group. Boca Raton London New York.

Whitelaw, M.A., 1999. Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate solubilizing fungi. Advances in Agronomy 69 : 99-151.