Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Abstract

In present study, geostatistical techniques was applied to assess the spatial variability of exchangeable cations such as; calcium (Ex-Ca2+), magnesium (Ex-Mg2+), potassium (Ex-K+) and sodium (Ex-Na+) in the tillaged layer in a Perm State Agricultural Academy Farm site in Perm region, West Urals, Russia. A 250x100 m plot (approximately 2.35 ha) was divided into grids with 25x25 m spacing that included 51 sampling points from 0-0.2 m in depth. Soil reaction (pH) was the least variable property while the Ex-K was the most variable. The greatest range of influence (237.6 m) occurred for Ex-Ca and the least range (49.7 m) for Ex-Mg.

Keywords

Exchangeable cations, spatial variability, site specific management

References

<p>Ardahanloğlu, I., &Ouml;ztas, T., Evren, S., Yılmaz, T., Yıldırım, Z.N., 2003. Spatial variability of exchangeable sodium, electrical conductivity, soil pH and boron content in salt- and sodium-affected areas of the Iğdır plain (Turkey). Journal of Arid Environment 54,495-503.</p>

<p>Aşkın, T., Kızılkaya, R., 2006. Assessing spatial variability of soil enzyme activities in pasture topsoils using geostatistics. European Journal of Soil Biology 42, 230-237.</p>

<p>Aşkın, T., 2010. Evaluation of some soil properties as related to landscape position using geostatistical techniques, International Scientific and Practical Conference on Scientific Support &ndash; To Innovative Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex), 18-19 November, Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm-Russia, p. 34-40.</p>

<p>Aşkın, T., Sinitsa, Y.N., Kızılkaya, R., 2011. The spatial variability of arylsulphatase activity: A study from agricultural ecosystems, International Conference on &ldquo;Resource Potential of Soils &ndash; The Basis of the Food and Ecological Safety of Russia&rdquo;, 1-4 March, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg-Russia, p. 324-327</p>

<p>Başkan, O., 2004. G&ouml;lbaşı y&ouml;resi topraklarının m&uuml;hendislik, fiziksel &ouml;zellik ilişkilerinde jeoistatistik uygulaması. Ankara &Uuml;niversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstit&uuml;s&uuml; Toprak Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Ankara.</p>

<p>Benayas, J.M.R., Sachez-colomer, M.G., Escudero, A., 2004. Landscape- and field-scale control of spatial variation of soil properties in Mediterranean montane meadows. Biogeochemistry 69, 207-225.</p>

<p>Brady, A.C., Veil, R.R., 2002. The nature and properties of soils. 13th edition, New Jersey:Prentice Hall.</p>

<p>Cambardella, C.A., Moorman, A.T., Novak, J.M., Parkin, T.B., Karlen, D.R., Turco, R.F., Konopka, A.E., 1994. Field-scale variability of soil properties in centra Iowa soils. Soil Science Society America Journal 58, 1501-1511</p>

<p>Chien, Y.J., Lee, D.Y, Guo, H.Y., Houng, K.H., 1997. Geostatistical analysis of soil properties of mid-west Taiwan soils. Soil Sci. 162, 291&ndash;298.</p>

<p>Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1979. Particle size analysis by hydrometer: a simplified method for routine textural analysis and a sensitivity test of measured parameters. Soil Science Society America Journal 43, 1004-1007.</p>

<p>GS+, 2006. Geostatistics for the Environmental Sciences, Gamma Design Software, Plainwell, MI, USA., 2006.</p>

<p>Jiang, Y., Zhang, Y. And Liang, W., 2008. Field-scale variability of soil exchangeable cations in a Chinese Ecological Research Network (CERN) Site. Agricultural Journal 3, 208-215.</p>

<p>Kerry, R., Oliver, M.A., 2004. Average variograms to guide soil sampling. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 5, 307-325.</p>

<p>McBratney, A.B., Webster, R., 1983. Optimal interpolation and isarithm mapping of soil properties: V. Co regionalization and multiple sampling strategy. Journal of Soil Science 34, 137-162.</p>

<p>Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter, in: A.L. Page (Ed.),. Part 2, ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 539-580</p>

<p>Oliver, M.A., 1987. Geostatistics and its application to soil science. Soil Use and Management 3, 8-19.</p>

<p>&Ouml;ztas, T., 1996. Identifying spatial variability of soil depth lost to erosion in a rolling landscape using Kriging analysis. Symposium on Agriculture-Environment Relations, pp. 327-335, Mersin, Turkey.</p>

<p>Page, A.L., 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiologicak Properties. 2 nd editionWI, ASA, Inc. SSSA pp. 149-166.</p>

<p>Peech, M., 1965. Hydrogen-ion activity. In: C.A. Black (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Agronomy no. 9, pp. 914-925, ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.</p>

<p>Soil Survey Staff, 1993. Soil Survey Manual. USDA Handbook No. 18, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA.</p>

<p>Trangmar, B.B., Yost, R.S., Uehara, G., 1985. Application of geostatistics to spatial studies of soil properties. Advances in Agronomy 38, 45-93.</p>

Abstract

In present study, geostatistical techniques was applied to assess the spatial variability of exchangeable cations such as; calcium (Ex-Ca2+), magnesium (Ex-Mg2+), potassium (Ex-K+) and sodium (Ex-Na+) in the tillaged layer in a Perm State Agricultural Academy Farm site in Perm region, West Urals, Russia. A 250x100 m plot (approximately 2.35 ha) was divided into grids with 25x25 m spacing that included 51 sampling points from 0-0.2 m in depth. Soil reaction (pH) was the least variable property while the Ex-K was the most variable. The greatest range of influence (237.6 m) occurred for Ex-Ca and the least range (49.7 m) for Ex-Mg.

Keywords: Exchangeable cations, spatial variability, site specific management

References

Ardahanloğlu, I., Öztas, T., Evren, S., Yılmaz, T., Yıldırım, Z.N., 2003. Spatial variability of exchangeable sodium, electrical conductivity, soil pH and boron content in salt- and sodium-affected areas of the Iğdır plain (Turkey). Journal of Arid Environment 54,495-503.

Aşkın, T., Kızılkaya, R., 2006. Assessing spatial variability of soil enzyme activities in pasture topsoils using geostatistics. European Journal of Soil Biology 42, 230-237.

Aşkın, T., 2010. Evaluation of some soil properties as related to landscape position using geostatistical techniques, International Scientific and Practical Conference on Scientific Support – To Innovative Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex), 18-19 November, Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm-Russia, p. 34-40.

Aşkın, T., Sinitsa, Y.N., Kızılkaya, R., 2011. The spatial variability of arylsulphatase activity: A study from agricultural ecosystems, International Conference on “Resource Potential of Soils – The Basis of the Food and Ecological Safety of Russia”, 1-4 March, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg-Russia, p. 324-327

Başkan, O., 2004. Gölbaşı yöresi topraklarının mühendislik, fiziksel özellik ilişkilerinde jeoistatistik uygulaması. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Toprak Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Ankara.

Benayas, J.M.R., Sachez-colomer, M.G., Escudero, A., 2004. Landscape- and field-scale control of spatial variation of soil properties in Mediterranean montane meadows. Biogeochemistry 69, 207-225.

Brady, A.C., Veil, R.R., 2002. The nature and properties of soils. 13th edition, New Jersey:Prentice Hall.

Cambardella, C.A., Moorman, A.T., Novak, J.M., Parkin, T.B., Karlen, D.R., Turco, R.F., Konopka, A.E., 1994. Field-scale variability of soil properties in centra Iowa soils. Soil Science Society America Journal 58, 1501-1511

Chien, Y.J., Lee, D.Y, Guo, H.Y., Houng, K.H., 1997. Geostatistical analysis of soil properties of mid-west Taiwan soils. Soil Sci. 162, 291–298.

Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1979. Particle size analysis by hydrometer: a simplified method for routine textural analysis and a sensitivity test of measured parameters. Soil Science Society America Journal 43, 1004-1007.

GS+, 2006. Geostatistics for the Environmental Sciences, Gamma Design Software, Plainwell, MI, USA., 2006.

Jiang, Y., Zhang, Y. And Liang, W., 2008. Field-scale variability of soil exchangeable cations in a Chinese Ecological Research Network (CERN) Site. Agricultural Journal 3, 208-215.

Kerry, R., Oliver, M.A., 2004. Average variograms to guide soil sampling. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 5, 307-325.

McBratney, A.B., Webster, R., 1983. Optimal interpolation and isarithm mapping of soil properties: V. Co regionalization and multiple sampling strategy. Journal of Soil Science 34, 137-162.

Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter, in: A.L. Page (Ed.),. Part 2, ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 539-580

Oliver, M.A., 1987. Geostatistics and its application to soil science. Soil Use and Management 3, 8-19.

Öztas, T., 1996. Identifying spatial variability of soil depth lost to erosion in a rolling landscape using Kriging analysis. Symposium on Agriculture-Environment Relations, pp. 327-335, Mersin, Turkey.

Page, A.L., 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiologicak Properties. 2 nd editionWI, ASA, Inc. SSSA pp. 149-166.

Peech, M., 1965. Hydrogen-ion activity. In: C.A. Black (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Agronomy no. 9, pp. 914-925, ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.

Soil Survey Staff, 1993. Soil Survey Manual. USDA Handbook No. 18, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA.

Trangmar, B.B., Yost, R.S., Uehara, G., 1985. Application of geostatistics to spatial studies of soil properties. Advances in Agronomy 38, 45-93.