Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Abstract

In this study, a novel voltammetric method has been developed to determine the amount of boron in soil. 50 soil samples were collected from 5 typical sites of agricultural area. After hot water extraction of available boron in the soil samples, all boron is complexed by addition of Alizarin Red S (ARS) to the extraction solutions. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry was used to determine the amount of the boron complexes. The electrochemical parameters have been optimized according to the experimental results. The optimum scan rate, stirring rate, deposition potential, deposition time and pH values were determined as 5 mVs-1 , 200 rpm, -0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, sat.), 15sec. and 7.5, respectively. An oxidation peak was occurred at the peak potential of -0.45 V for Boron-Alizarin complex. The limit of detection, limit of quantification and linear working range were determined for the voltammetric soil-boron analysis. In addition, the interference effects of coexisting ions were successfully investigated. Comparison of the analytical data for analyzing real samples was carried out between the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric method and the Azometine H spectrophotometric method have shown good agreement. A great advantage of voltammetry over the spectrophotometric method is found to be simplicity, selectivity and shortening of the analysis time.

Keywords

Voltammetric method, soil analysis, boron

References

<p>Buffle, J., Tercier-Waeber, M.L., 2005. Voltammetric environmental trace-metal analysis and speciation: from laboratory to in situ measurements. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 24(3): 172&ndash;191</p>

<p>Economou, D.D., Vaulgarapoulos, A., 2004. A study of pencil-lead bismuth- film electrodes for the determination of traze metals by anodic stripping voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta 519: 167-172</p>

<p>Farghaly, O.A., Ghandour, M.A., 2005, Square-wave stripping voltammetry for direct determination of eight heavy metals in soil and indoor-airborne particulate matter. Environmental Research 97: 229-235</p>

<p>Ibekwe, A.M., Poss, J.A., Grattan, S.R., Grieve, C.M., Suarez, D., 2010. Bacterial diversity in cucumber (Cucumus sativus) rhizosphere in response to salinity, soil pH, and boron. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 567-575</p>

<p>Jung, W., Jang, A., Bishop, P.L., Chong, H.A., 2011. A polymer lab chip sensor with microfabricated planar silver electrode for continuous and on-site heavy metal measurement. Sensors &amp; Actuators, B: Chemical 155:145-153</p>

<p>Kelling, K.A., 1999. Soil and applied boron. Understanding Plant Nutrients, A 2522. Available at. http://www.soils.wisc.edu/extension/pubs/A2522.pdf</p>

<p>Kumar, M.P., Reddy, T.M., Nithila, P., Reddy,S.J., 2005. Distribution of toxic trace metals Zn,Cd,Pb and Cu in Tirupati soils, India. Soil &amp; Sediment Contamination 14:471-478</p>

<p>Lehto, T., Ruuhola, T., Dell, B., 2010. Boron in forest trees and forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 260: 2053-2069</p>

<p>Merdivan, E., Benibol, Y., Seyhan, S., 2009. Flourimetric detection of boron by azomethine-H in micellar solution and solgel. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 71: 2045-2049</p>

<p>Nedeltcheva, T., Atanassova, M., Dimitrov, J., Stanislavova, L., 2005. Determination of mobile form contents of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in soil extracts by combined stripping voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta 528: 143-146</p>

<p>Opydo, J., 2008, Determination of manganese in soil extracts by stripping voltammetry. Proceedings of ECOpole Vol. 2, No. 2</p>

<p>&Ouml;zcan, A., Şahin, Y., 2011, A novel approach forthe determination of paracetamol based on reduction of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinonemine formed on the electrochemically treated pencil graphite electrode. Analytica Chimica Acta 685: 9-14</p>

<p>Ried, R., 2010. Can we really increase yields by making crop plants tolerant to boron toxicity? Plant Science 178: 9-11</p>

<p>Segura, R., Toral, M.I., Arancibia, V., 2008. Determination of iron in water samples by adsorptive stripping voltammetry with a bismuth film electrode in the presence of 1-(2-piridylazo)-2-naphtol. Talanta 75: 973-977</p>

<p>Sah R.N., Brown P.H.,1997, Boron Determination- A Review of Analytical Methods, Microchem J. 56, 285-304</p>

<p>Serrano, N., Alberich, A. Diaz-Cruz, J.M., Arino, C., Esteban, M., 2013. Coating methods, modifiers and applications of bismuth screen-printed electrodes. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 46: 15-29.</p>

<p>Şahin, İ., Nakiboğlu, N.,2006. Voltammetric determination of boron by using Alizarin Red S. Analytica Chimica Acta 572: 253-258</p>

<p>Şahin, Y., &Ouml;zcan, A., 2009. Selective and sensitive voltammetric determination of dopamine in blood by electrochemically treated pencil graphite electrodes. Electroanalysis 21: 2363-2370</p>

<p>Şahin Y., &Ouml;zcan A., 2010. Preparation of selective and sensitive electrochemically treated pencil graphite electrodes forthe determination of uric acid in urine and blood serum. Biosensors &amp; Bioelectronics 25: 2497-2502</p>

<p>Uygan, D., &Ccedil;etin, &Ouml;., 2004. Argicultural and environmental effects of boron: Sedisuyu water deposit. II. International Boron Shymposia. 22-25 October 10 2004</p>

<p>Wimmer, M.A., Eichert, T., 2013. Mechanism for boron deficiency-mediated changes in plant water relations. Plant Science 203-204: 25-32</p>

Abstract
In this study, a novel voltammetric method has been developed to determine the amount of boron in soil. 50 soil samples were collected from 5 typical sites of agricultural area. After hot water extraction of available boron in the soil samples, all boron is complexed by addition of Alizarin Red S (ARS) to the extraction solutions. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry was used to determine the amount of the boron complexes. The electrochemical parameters have been optimized according to the experimental results. The optimum scan rate, stirring rate, deposition potential, deposition time and pH values were determined as 5 mVs-1 , 200 rpm, -0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, sat.), 15sec. and 7.5, respectively. An oxidation peak was occurred at the peak potential of -0.45 V for Boron-Alizarin complex. The limit of detection, limit of quantification and linear working range were determined for the voltammetric soil-boron analysis. In addition, the interference effects of coexisting ions were successfully investigated. Comparison of the analytical data for analyzing real samples was carried out between the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric method and the Azometine H spectrophotometric method have shown good agreement. A great advantage of voltammetry over the spectrophotometric method is found to be simplicity, selectivity and shortening of the analysis time.

Keywords: Voltammetric method, soil analysis, boron

References

Buffle, J., Tercier-Waeber, M.L., 2005. Voltammetric environmental trace-metal analysis and speciation: from laboratory to in situ measurements. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 24(3): 172–191

Economou, D.D., Vaulgarapoulos, A., 2004. A study of pencil-lead bismuth- film electrodes for the determination of traze metals by anodic stripping voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta 519: 167-172

Farghaly, O.A., Ghandour, M.A., 2005, Square-wave stripping voltammetry for direct determination of eight heavy metals in soil and indoor-airborne particulate matter. Environmental Research 97: 229-235

Ibekwe, A.M., Poss, J.A., Grattan, S.R., Grieve, C.M., Suarez, D., 2010. Bacterial diversity in cucumber (Cucumus sativus) rhizosphere in response to salinity, soil pH, and boron. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 567-575

Jung, W., Jang, A., Bishop, P.L., Chong, H.A., 2011. A polymer lab chip sensor with microfabricated planar silver electrode for continuous and on-site heavy metal measurement. Sensors & Actuators, B: Chemical 155:145-153

Kelling, K.A., 1999. Soil and applied boron. Understanding Plant Nutrients, A 2522. Available at. http://www.soils.wisc.edu/extension/pubs/A2522.pdf

Kumar, M.P., Reddy, T.M., Nithila, P., Reddy,S.J., 2005. Distribution of toxic trace metals Zn,Cd,Pb and Cu in Tirupati soils, India. Soil & Sediment Contamination 14:471-478

Lehto, T., Ruuhola, T., Dell, B., 2010. Boron in forest trees and forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 260: 2053-2069

Merdivan, E., Benibol, Y., Seyhan, S., 2009. Flourimetric detection of boron by azomethine-H in micellar solution and solgel. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 71: 2045-2049

Nedeltcheva, T., Atanassova, M., Dimitrov, J., Stanislavova, L., 2005. Determination of mobile form contents of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in soil extracts by combined stripping voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta 528: 143-146

Opydo, J., 2008, Determination of manganese in soil extracts by stripping voltammetry. Proceedings of ECOpole Vol. 2, No. 2

Özcan, A., Şahin, Y., 2011, A novel approach forthe determination of paracetamol based on reduction of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinonemine formed on the electrochemically treated pencil graphite electrode. Analytica Chimica Acta 685: 9-14

Ried, R., 2010. Can we really increase yields by making crop plants tolerant to boron toxicity? Plant Science 178: 9-11

Segura, R., Toral, M.I., Arancibia, V., 2008. Determination of iron in water samples by adsorptive stripping voltammetry with a bismuth film electrode in the presence of 1-(2-piridylazo)-2-naphtol. Talanta 75: 973-977

Sah R.N., Brown P.H.,1997, Boron Determination- A Review of Analytical Methods, Microchem J. 56, 285-304

Serrano, N., Alberich, A. Diaz-Cruz, J.M., Arino, C., Esteban, M., 2013. Coating methods, modifiers and applications of bismuth screen-printed electrodes. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 46: 15-29.

Şahin, İ., Nakiboğlu, N.,2006. Voltammetric determination of boron by using Alizarin Red S. Analytica Chimica Acta 572: 253-258

Şahin, Y., Özcan, A., 2009. Selective and sensitive voltammetric determination of dopamine in blood by electrochemically treated pencil graphite electrodes. Electroanalysis 21: 2363-2370

Şahin Y., Özcan A., 2010. Preparation of selective and sensitive electrochemically treated pencil graphite electrodes forthe determination of uric acid in urine and blood serum. Biosensors & Bioelectronics 25: 2497-2502

Uygan, D., Çetin, Ö., 2004. Argicultural and environmental effects of boron: Sedisuyu water deposit. II. International Boron Shymposia. 22-25 October 10 2004

Wimmer, M.A., Eichert, T., 2013. Mechanism for boron deficiency-mediated changes in plant water relations. Plant Science 203-204: 25-32