Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Abstract

Effects of rice husk compost (RHC) on some soil quality parameters under greenhouse conditions were investigated. Experiment were conducted in a randomized plot design with different application doses of RHC (0, 3, 6 and 9%) into surface soil (0-20 cm) with three replications in a greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty in Ondokuz Mayıs University. RHC application generally improved the soil quality parameters according to the control treatment during the experiment carried out with growing tomato plant in the greenhouse in 2010. The soil organic matter (OM) contents significantly increased by the application of RHC in the following order; 9%>6%>3%>0%. While RHC applications in the greenhouses significantly reduced pH contents of soils according to the control, the RHC application increased the values of respiration rate (CO2), EC, NO3-N and available phosphorus (P). While the exchangeable Ca values of soils generally decreased, the exchangeable Mg and K values generally increased according to the control with RHC application. Bulk density (BD) values in the greenhouse were reduced with RHC application doses in the following order 0%>3%> 6%>9%. The values of field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP) and available water capacity (AWC) generally increased according to the control with the application of RHC dosses in the following order 9%>6%>3%. The highest positive correlations among the physical, chemical and biological properties were found between OM and PWP (0.924**), AWC and FC (0.907**), OM and FC (0.897**), CO2 and PWP (0.862**), PWP and FC (0.791**); while the highest negative correlations were found between BD and FC (-0.854**), BD and PWP (-0.871**), BD and OM (-0.868**), BD and CO2 (-0.838**), BD and P (-0.821**), Ca and FC (-0.812**). The highest tomato yield (7.77 ton/da) was obtained with the 9% of RHC application. RHC application to the soil in greenhouse generally improved soil quality and tomato yield.

Keywords

Rice husk compost, soil quality, tomato, greenhouse

References

<p>Alexander, M., 1977. Introduction to soil microbiology. Second edition. John Wiley and Sons. New York, USA.</p>

<p>Ana&ccedil;, D., Okur, B., T&uuml;zel, Y., Toks&ouml;z, S., 1999. Organik tarımda kompost kullanımın domates &uuml;retimi ve toprağın fiziksel &ouml;zellikleri &uuml;zerine olan etkileri, Ege &Uuml;niversitesi Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Toprak&ndash;Bah&ccedil;e B&ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;, Bornova, İzmir. (in Turkish)</p>

<p>Anikwe, M.A.N., 2000. Amelioration of a heavy clay loam soil with rice husk dust and its effect on soil physical properties and maize yield. Bioresource Technology 74: 169-173.</p>

<p>Aydın, M., Şener, O., Sermenli, T., &Ouml;zkan, A., Aslan, S., Ağca, N., Doğan, K., Tiryakioğlu, M., Mavi, K., Kılı&ccedil;. Ş., 2001. Use of composted municipal solid wastes to ımprove soil properties and to inc yield. Soil Science Society of Turkey. Adana.</p>

<p>Boparai, B.S., Yadvinder, S., Sharma, B.D., 1992. Effect of green manuring with sesbania aculeata on physical properties of soil and on growth of wheat in rice‐wheat and maize‐wheat cropping systems in a semiarid region of India. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 6: 135-143.</p>

<p>Candemir, F., 2005. Organik Atıkların Toprak Kalite İndeksleri ve Nitrat Azotu &Uuml;zerine Etkileri, Doktora Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs &Uuml;niversitesi Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Toprak B&ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;. (in Turkish)</p>

<p>Candemir, F., G&uuml;lser, C. 2011. Effects of different agricultural wastes on some soil quality indexes at clay and loamy sand fields. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analyses 42 (1):13-28.</p>

<p>Cercioğlu, M., Okur, B., Delibacak, S., Ongun, A.R., 2014. Changes in physical conditions of a coarse textured soil by addition of organic wastes. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 3:7-12.</p>

<p>G&uuml;lser, C., Candemir, F., 2012. Changes in penetration resistance of a clay field with organic waste applications. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 1: 16-21.</p>

<p>Demiralay, İ.,1993. Toprak Fiziksel Analizleri. Ataturk Universitesi Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Yayınları No. 143. Erzurum (in Turkish)</p>

<p>Doran, J.W., Parkin, T.B., 1994. Defining and Assessing Soil Quality. In: Doran, J.W., Coleman, D.C., Bezdicek, D.F., Stewart, B.A. (Eds.), Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment, SSSA Special Publication No. 35. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp.3-21.</p>

<p>Eigenberg, R.A., Doran, J.W., Nienaber, J.A., Ferguson, R.B., Woodbury, B.L., 2002. Electrical conductivity monitoring of soil condition and available N with animal manure and a cover crop. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment 88: 183-193.</p>

<p>Gregorich, E.G., Carter, M.R., Angers, D.A., Monreal, C.M., Ellert, B.H., 1994. Towars a minimum dataset to asses soil organic matter quality in agricultural soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74: 367-385.</p>

<p>Gupta, S.C., Dowdy, R.H., Larson, W.E., 1977. Hydraulic and thermal properties of a sandy soil as ınfluenced by ıncorporation of sewage sludge. Soil Science Society America Journal 41: 601-605.</p>

<p>G&uuml;neş A., Alpaslan, M., İnal, A. 2000. Bitki Besleme ve G&uuml;breleme. Ankara &Uuml;niversitesi. Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi. Yayın No: 1514 Ders Kitabı: 467. Ankara. (in Turkish)</p>

<p>Johnston, A.E., 1986. Soil organic matter effects on soils and crops. Soil Use and Management 2: 97-105.</p>

<p>Kacar, B., 1994. Toprak ve Bitkinin Kimyasal Analizleri. Ankara &Uuml;niversitesi Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Yayınları No. 3 Ankara. (in Turkish)</p>

<p>Khaleel, R., Reddy, K.R., Overcash, M.R., 1981. Changes in soil physical properties due to organic waste applications: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality 10: 133-141.</p>

<p>Lal, R., Kimble, J.M., 1997. Conservation tillage for carbon sequestration. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 49: 243-253.</p>

<p>Loveland, P., Webb, J., 2003. Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperature regions. A Review. Soil and Tillage Research 70: 1-18.</p>

<p>Marinari, S., Masciandar, G., Ceccanti, B., Grego, S., 2000. Influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil biological and physical properties. Bioresource Technology 72: 9-17.</p>

<p>Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S., Dean. L.A., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Dep. of Agric. Circ. 939.</p>

<p>Sağlam, M.T., 1997. Toprak Kimyası. Trakya &Uuml;niv. Zir. Fak. Yay.190. Ders Kitabi No:21. (in Turkish)</p>

<p>Sojka, R.E., Upchurch, D.R., 1999. Reservations regarding the soil quality concept. Soil Science Society America Journal 63 (5): 1039-1054.</p>

<p>Tirlok, S., Nagarajarao, Y., Sadaphal, M.N., 1980. Effect of legumes on physical properties of soil in mixed cropping with maize. Indian Journal of Argonomy 25(4): 592-599.</p>

<p>T&uuml;z&uuml;ner, A. 1990. Soil and water analysis laboratory manual. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Rural Services, Ankara, Turkey. (in Turkish)</p>

<p>Vavoulidu, E., Dimirkou, A., Papadopoulos, P., Avramides, E.J., Arapakis, D., 2004. A comparative study for the control of organic agriculture in a region of Greece. 17th Word Congress of Soil Science, Bangkok, Thailand.</p>

<p>Whalen, J., Chang, C., Clayton, G., Carefoct, J., 2000. Cattle manure amendments can increase the pH of acid soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64: 962&ndash;966.</p>

<p>Yurtsever, N.1984. Deneysel istatistik Metodları. TC Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No. 121, Ankara. (in Turkish)</p>

Abstract
Effects of rice husk compost (RHC) on some soil quality parameters under greenhouse conditions were investigated. Experiment were conducted in a randomized plot design with different application doses of RHC (0, 3, 6 and 9%) into surface soil (0-20 cm) with three replications in a greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty in Ondokuz Mayıs University. RHC application generally improved the soil quality parameters according to the control treatment during the experiment carried out with growing tomato plant in the greenhouse in 2010. The soil organic matter (OM) contents significantly increased by the application of RHC in the following order; 9%>6%>3%>0%. While RHC applications in the greenhouses significantly reduced pH contents of soils according to the control, the RHC application increased the values of respiration rate (CO2), EC, NO3-N and available phosphorus (P). While the exchangeable Ca values of soils generally decreased, the exchangeable Mg and K values generally increased according to the control with RHC application. Bulk density (BD) values in the greenhouse were reduced with RHC application doses in the following order 0%>3%> 6%>9%. The values of field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP) and available water capacity (AWC) generally increased according to the control with the application of RHC dosses in the following order 9%>6%>3%. The highest positive correlations among the physical, chemical and biological properties were found between OM and PWP (0.924**), AWC and FC (0.907**), OM and FC (0.897**), CO2 and PWP (0.862**), PWP and FC (0.791**); while the highest negative correlations were found between BD and FC (-0.854**), BD and PWP (-0.871**), BD and OM (-0.868**), BD and CO2 (-0.838**), BD and P (-0.821**), Ca and FC (-0.812**). The highest tomato yield (7.77 ton/da) was obtained with the 9% of RHC application. RHC application to the soil in greenhouse generally improved soil quality and tomato yield.

Keywords: Rice husk compost, soil quality, tomato, greenhouse

References

Alexander, M., 1977. Introduction to soil microbiology. Second edition. John Wiley and Sons. New York, USA.

Anaç, D., Okur, B., Tüzel, Y., Toksöz, S., 1999. Organik tarımda kompost kullanımın domates üretimi ve toprağın fiziksel özellikleri üzerine olan etkileri, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak–Bahçe Bölümü, Bornova, İzmir. (in Turkish)

Anikwe, M.A.N., 2000. Amelioration of a heavy clay loam soil with rice husk dust and its effect on soil physical properties and maize yield. Bioresource Technology 74: 169-173.

Aydın, M., Şener, O., Sermenli, T., Özkan, A., Aslan, S., Ağca, N., Doğan, K., Tiryakioğlu, M., Mavi, K., Kılıç. Ş., 2001. Use of composted municipal solid wastes to ımprove soil properties and to inc yield. Soil Science Society of Turkey. Adana.

Boparai, B.S., Yadvinder, S., Sharma, B.D., 1992. Effect of green manuring with sesbania aculeata on physical properties of soil and on growth of wheat in rice‐wheat and maize‐wheat cropping systems in a semiarid region of India. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 6: 135-143.

Candemir, F., 2005. Organik Atıkların Toprak Kalite İndeksleri ve Nitrat Azotu Üzerine Etkileri, Doktora Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bölümü. (in Turkish)

Candemir, F., Gülser, C. 2011. Effects of different agricultural wastes on some soil quality indexes at clay and loamy sand fields. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analyses 42 (1):13-28.

Cercioğlu, M., Okur, B., Delibacak, S., Ongun, A.R., 2014. Changes in physical conditions of a coarse textured soil by addition of organic wastes. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 3:7-12.

Gülser, C., Candemir, F., 2012. Changes in penetration resistance of a clay field with organic waste applications. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 1: 16-21.

Demiralay, İ.,1993. Toprak Fiziksel Analizleri. Ataturk Universitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No. 143. Erzurum (in Turkish)

Doran, J.W., Parkin, T.B., 1994. Defining and Assessing Soil Quality. In: Doran, J.W., Coleman, D.C., Bezdicek, D.F., Stewart, B.A. (Eds.), Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment, SSSA Special Publication No. 35. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp.3-21.

Eigenberg, R.A., Doran, J.W., Nienaber, J.A., Ferguson, R.B., Woodbury, B.L., 2002. Electrical conductivity monitoring of soil condition and available N with animal manure and a cover crop. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment 88: 183-193.

Gregorich, E.G., Carter, M.R., Angers, D.A., Monreal, C.M., Ellert, B.H., 1994. Towars a minimum dataset to asses soil organic matter quality in agricultural soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74: 367-385.

Gupta, S.C., Dowdy, R.H., Larson, W.E., 1977. Hydraulic and thermal properties of a sandy soil as ınfluenced by ıncorporation of sewage sludge. Soil Science Society America Journal 41: 601-605.

Güneş A., Alpaslan, M., İnal, A. 2000. Bitki Besleme ve Gübreleme. Ankara Üniversitesi. Ziraat Fakültesi. Yayın No: 1514 Ders Kitabı: 467. Ankara. (in Turkish)

Johnston, A.E., 1986. Soil organic matter effects on soils and crops. Soil Use and Management 2: 97-105.

Kacar, B., 1994. Toprak ve Bitkinin Kimyasal Analizleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No. 3 Ankara. (in Turkish)

Khaleel, R., Reddy, K.R., Overcash, M.R., 1981. Changes in soil physical properties due to organic waste applications: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality 10: 133-141.

Lal, R., Kimble, J.M., 1997. Conservation tillage for carbon sequestration. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 49: 243-253.

Loveland, P., Webb, J., 2003. Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperature regions. A Review. Soil and Tillage Research 70: 1-18.

Marinari, S., Masciandar, G., Ceccanti, B., Grego, S., 2000. Influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil biological and physical properties. Bioresource Technology 72: 9-17.

Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S., Dean. L.A., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Dep. of Agric. Circ. 939.

Sağlam, M.T., 1997. Toprak Kimyası. Trakya Üniv. Zir. Fak. Yay.190. Ders Kitabi No:21. (in Turkish)

Sojka, R.E., Upchurch, D.R., 1999. Reservations regarding the soil quality concept. Soil Science Society America Journal 63 (5): 1039-1054.

Tirlok, S., Nagarajarao, Y., Sadaphal, M.N., 1980. Effect of legumes on physical properties of soil in mixed cropping with maize. Indian Journal of Argonomy 25(4): 592-599.

Tüzüner, A. 1990. Soil and water analysis laboratory manual. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Rural Services, Ankara, Turkey. (in Turkish)

Vavoulidu, E., Dimirkou, A., Papadopoulos, P., Avramides, E.J., Arapakis, D., 2004. A comparative study for the control of organic agriculture in a region of Greece. 17th Word Congress of Soil Science, Bangkok, Thailand.

Whalen, J., Chang, C., Clayton, G., Carefoct, J., 2000. Cattle manure amendments can increase the pH of acid soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64: 962–966.

Yurtsever, N.1984. Deneysel istatistik Metodları. TC Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No. 121, Ankara. (in Turkish)