EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.753719

10.18393/ejss.753719

Vermicomposting of agro-industrial waste by-product of the sugar industry

Ayten Namlı

Hanife Akça

Muhittin Onur Akça moakca@ankara.edu.tr

292-297

2019-05-08

2020-06-10

2020-06-16

2020-10-01

The objective of the study was to investigate the survival of earthworm Eisenia fetida during vermicomposting of Sugar Industry wastes. These wastes are called Decanter sludge (DS) and Press filter waste soil (PKF). To achieve the objective a laboratory-based experiment was performed 12 weeks under controlled conditions. Eleven different mixtures were prepared by mixing DS, PKF and farmyard manure (FYM) in different ratios. During the incubation time, earthworms survived in treatments which included less than 50% DS or 50% PKF. The number of earthworms increased significantly in all treatments from 6 to 90 (P<0.05) during the experiment period. Chemical properties (pH, EC, OM, Total Nitrogen, Lime) and heavy metal contents of sugar industry vermicomposts were in accordance with the standard compost limits. Results of the present study indicated that the worms did not live in the medium containing more than 50% of the PKF and 50% of the DS. Vermicompost can be obtained from production wastes of sugar factory by applying vermicompost process on Decanter Sludge at the maximum ratio of 50% or its mix with PKF along with FYM. Use of DS and PKF as feed materials for vermicomposting can assist to turn the wastes into precious materials.

Sugar waste, decanter sludge, farmyard manure, press filter waste soil, vermicompost, Eisenia fetida

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.758380

10.18393/ejss.758380

Soil quality assessment for olive groves areas of Menderes District, Izmir-Turkey

Belgin Doğan

Coşkun Gülser cgulser@omu.edu.tr

298-305

2019-11-09

2020-06-22

2020-06-26

2020-10-01

This study was carried out to determine assessment of soil quality for olive groves areas of Akçaköy, Çatalca, Efemçukuru, Görece and Yeniköy villages in Menderes district of Izmir-Turkey. The surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were taken from 19 olive groves areas of Menderes District. Soil physical and chemical quality indicators were analyzed and classified in 4 suitability classes for olive production. In olive groves areas, soil reaction (pH) gave positive correlations with clay, exch. Ca, CaCO3 contents, and significant negative correlations with sand, available Fe, Mn and Zn contents. Soil organic matter (OM) content showed significant positive correlations with EC, P, exch. Ca and a significant negative correlation with bulk density. Electrical conductivity (EC) values gave significant positive correlations with clay, OM, exch. Ca contents. Soil quality index values for the olive groves areas ranged between 0.44 and 0.77 with a mean of 0.60. The olive groves areas at Akçaköy and Çatalca villages of Menderes District were generally suitable for olive production. According to the soil quality index (SQI) values, only one of the 19 olive groves areas was found in very suitable (S1:1.00-0.75) class, the other areas were classified as 8 in suitable (S2:0.75-060), 6 in marginal suitable (S3:0.60-0.50) and 4 in non-suitable (N:<0.50) for olive growth. The most restricting soil factors for olive growth generally became low OM, low nutrient contents and high clay and sand contents than that of suggested levels. The SQI values had significant positive relations with silt content of the soils while they gave negative correlations with clay and sand contents. It indicates that moderate or loamy soil textural classes are important for high olive production. The SQI values also gave a significant positive correlation with olive yields. Evaluation of soil physical and chemical properties with a SQI value is important for assessment of olive groves areas in sustainable soil management system.

Soil quality, olive, yield, soil properties

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.760201

10.18393/ejss.760201

Transformation of soil texture schemes and determination of water-physical properties of soils

Alexander Sadovski bsc.ieas@yahoo.com

Mariya Ivanova

306-313

2020-02-28

2020-06-19

2020-06-29

2020-10-01

Measuring soil water-physical properties is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. That provokes a lot of scientists to estimate them which action is troubled by the usage of different soil texture classification systems. The study proposes a rapid, reliable, and universally applicable methodology for soil textural transformations between different classification systems. The method of discrete mathematics is applied to make the conversion of particle-size classes from the Kachinsky system, which is used in Bulgaria to the International systems. Three different data sources were used to determine the water-physical properties of soils from textural data - 376 soil profiles from Bulgaria, extraction from the SoilGrids system for the Plovdiv district in Bulgaria and data from CanSIS/NSDB database. The relationship between the dependent variables field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP) and bulk density (BD), and independent variables sand, silt, and clay soil content was sought in the form of a regression equation. The applied stepwise regression procedure produces a close dependence between the soil texture and its water-physical properties.

Bulk density, discrete mathematics, field capacity, soil texture, wilting point.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.780120

10.18393/ejss.780120

Changes in some soil properties of wheat fields under conventional and reduced tillage systems in Northern Iraq

Füsun Gülser gulserf@yahoo.com

Salar Salem

Coşkun Gülser

314-320

2020-01-13

2020-08-11

2020-08-13

2020-10-01

In this study, the effects of reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems on some soil properties of wheat fields in Northern Iraq (Duhok Province) under a hot and dry climatic condition were investigated. This study was carried out in a randomized plot design with four replications at three locations (Bardrash, Sumail, and Zakho) in the seasons 2017-2018. Four fields in each location at Duhok Province were equally separated into two groups for CT and RT systems. A group of 24 soil samples for each tillage system were taken from the locations. Soil organic matter content, pH, EC, bulk density and total porosity values were significantly (p<0.05) affected by different tillage systems. Soil pH, EC and bulk density values generally significantly reduced with the RT compared with CT. On the other hand, soil OM content and total porosity were significantly increased with the RT system in all locations under a hot and dry climatic condition. In all locations, RT system decreased bulk density and increased total porosity with conserving soil OM due to preventing from rapid mineralization. However, rapid mineralization of soil OM in the CT system under dry climate condition caused increases in EC which indicated that there were high soluble ions in soil solution.

Soil properties, conventional tillage, reduced tillage, wheat.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.782514

10.18393/ejss.782514

Assessment of climatic variability on optimal N in long-term rice cropping system

Sabina Devkota Regmi sabina.devkota@gmail.com

321-328

2019-03-27

2020-08-17

2020-08-19

2020-10-01

Climatic variability is one of the most significant factors influencing year-to-year crop production, even in high yielding and high-technology agricultural areas. Many studies have attributed variation in yield and crop response to N fertilizer in general terms to differences in varietal characteristics, but few attempts have been made to systematically disentangle the contributions of the genotype from other factors as climatic conditions. In this study, we used ORYZA V3 rice crop model to evaluate impact of climatic variability on optimum nitrogen application rate in rice cropping system. The results show that, solar radiation and N management practices play important roles in the response of N in grain yield. Maximum and minimum temperature has less effect on the grain yield compared to the solar radiation. Optimum N was higher in the dry season compared with the early wet season. Optimum N rate for the grain yield was around 200, 150 and 100. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) was higher in early wet season (EWS) and late set season (LWS) in higher rate of nitrogen compared to the dry season (DS). Observed grain yield and simulated grain yield was almost similar in both seasons. The ORYZA simulation model performs well for estimating optimum N application.

ORYZA v3, climatic variability, grain yield.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.783119

10.18393/ejss.783119

Effect of organic amendment on properties and nutrient loss of soils of selected parent material

Leonard Chimaobi Agim leonard.agim@futo.edu.ng

Igwe Charles Arinzechukwu

Adaku Felicia Osisi

Chinonso Milicent Chris-Emenyonu

329-338

2019-05-17

2020-08-13

2020-08-20

2020-10-01

Soils of Southeastern Nigeria like those of other humid tropical countries are prone to leaching due to high rainfall resulting in low fertility, nutrient status, and crop yield. Evaluating the effects of selected organic amendments on retention of nutrients in soils is of major concern and formed the purpose of the study. Soil samples were collected from Asu River Group, (ARG), Bende Ameki Group (BAG), Coastal Plain Sand (CPS) and Falsebedded Sand Stone (FBS) which were the four respective parent materials studied. Three replicates of 10 kg of prepared samples from each parent material were bagged and thereafter applied with 10 tons ha-1 each of poultry (PD) and goat droppings (PD, GD). The thoroughly mixed combinations laid in a completely randomized design (CRD) were allowed to blend for three months after which, samples were collected from each bag and analyzed. The remaining amended soils were subjected to a rainfall simulation which enabled the collection of sediment yield which was also analyzed to determine the nutrients in them. Generated soil data were analyzed with analyses of variance (ANOVA). Means were separated using the least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. The result showed that soil organic carbon increased from 15.80 – 17.70, 6.90 - 14.20, 7.10 – 13.90 and 11.39 - 17.50 gkg-1 in ARG, BAG, CPS and FBS respectively before and after amendment and later decreased to 10.8, 11.30, 6.70, and 8.30 g kg-1 in the sediment yield following simulation. Similarly, there were significant losses of about 23.52, 60.85; 60.00 and 47.20 % of total nitrogen to detached soils in the respective lithologies. Total nitrogen and available phosphorus losses in the soils followed the order: CPS > FBS > BAG > ARG and FBS > CPS > BAG > ARG respectively.

Erosion, Nutrient retention, Organic amendment, Runoff, Rainfall simulation, Sediment yield.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.783470

10.18393/ejss.783470

Evaluation of quality of groundwater in irrigation using fuzzy logic in the Bafra Plain, Northern Turkey

Bilal Cemek bcemek@omu.edu.tr

Recai Oktaş

339-348

2019-05-25

2020-08-18

2020-08-21

2020-10-01

The quality of groundwater plays an important role in irrigation management and planning. The most commonly used method when classifying the irrigation water quality is the United States Soil Laboratory (USSL) diagram. Fuzzy logic approach is one of the widely used methods produced more precise and accurate results according to the USSL diagram. A rule-based, fuzzy logic irrigation water quality (FL-IWQ) were evaluated by using electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) values of groundwater in irrigation, in Bafra plain. The FL-IWQ defuzzification methods-center of area (COA), mean of maxima (MOM), least of maxima (LOM), and (SOM) were selected and compared with quality values of groundwater in irrigation. Based on the results of the FL-IWQ defuzzification methods with quality values of groundwater in irrigation, the determination of coefficients for COA, MOM, SOM and LOM were 0.9874, 0.9755, 0,9574 and 0.9453, respectively. Results obtained from FL-IWQ revealed that there has been 93% general agreement with the results obtained from the USSL diagram and RSC classification. The developed fuzzy model produced more reliable results for groundwater in irrigation than that of the USSL-diagram and RSC classification. The study suggests using proposed fuzzy model as a promising alternative to the traditional ones for classifying the quality of groundwater in irrigation under uncertain conditions.

Fuzzy, irrigation, water quality, EC, SAR, Bafra Plain.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.785380

10.18393/ejss.785380

The effects of whey application on the soil biological properties and plant growth

Ayşen Akay aakay@selcuk.edu.tr

Durmus Sert

349-355

2019-08-10

2020-08-13

2020-08-24

2020-10-01

Whey is an industrial dairy by-product. Whey proteins present in whey are valuable functional ingredients with a variety of applications. Because of high investment and management costs, many medium and small-scale cheese manufacturing plants choose the way to waste whey by discharging it to land without refining while large companies prefer to evaluate it. In this experiment were investigated the effects of whey application on some growth parameters of test plant and soil biological properties. For this purpose, greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different whey powder solution (6% dry matter) such as no demineralized whey powder (NDWP), 50% demineralized whey powder (50% DWP) and whey protein powder (WPP) on maize growth and biological properties of soils using increasing application rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ml/kg) as three replication. At the end of the study generally, all whey treatments influenced the soil microbiological properties in comparison with the control, indicating activation by microorganisms. The addition of different doses of different whey solutions caused a rapid and significant increase in microbial biomass C, soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity and catalase activity in soil; this increase was especially noticeable in soils treated with NDWP and 50% DWP. Similarly, addition of 50% DWP to the soil increased values of plant height, fresh plant weight and fresh root weight compared to the control and other whey. Whey has a positive effect on soil biological properties. In conclusion, we can say that this waste product, which has high nutrient element content, could be used in fertilization practices especially as a nitrogen source and multi-perspective studies need to be carried out on this topic.

Microbial biomass, Soil respiration, Whey powder, Soil biological properties

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.785430

10.18393/ejss.785430

Mechanisms of copper immobilization in Fluvisol after the carbon sorbent applying

Tatiana Bauer

Tatiana Minkina

Svetlana Sushkova snsushkova@sfedu.ru

Vishnu Rajput

Andrei Tereshenko

Aleksandr Nazarenko

Saglara Mandzhieva

Andrey Sushkov

356-361

2019-09-17

2020-08-19

2020-08-25

2020-10-01

Biochar is widely used sorbent for soil remediation but the mechanism of its effect on immobilization of metals and particular processes of metal transformation are still unclear. We designed an incubation experiment to investigate the impact of wood biochar to copper (Cu) contamination in Calcaric Fluvisols Loamic. The efficiency of biochar implementation for reduction of Cu mobility in soil has been studied using combined method of heavy metal fractioning (Minkina et al., 2013). It was shown that the use of sorbent into polluted soil results in the change of fraction-group composition of metal compounds, fixation of Cu due to reduction of weakly bound forms and increase of the part of residual and metal fractions strongly bound with organic matter. Decrease of pollutant mobility occurs along an increase of the dose of a sorbent. The greater effect was observed after use of biochar in the concentration 2.5 %. Thus, the present study demonstrates the possible remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals using biochar and provides a particular strategy for remediation of soils contaminated with Cu.

Biochar, calcaric fluvisols loamic, loosely bound compounds, copper, remediation.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.791352

10.18393/ejss.791352

Effects of land and plant managements on soil erodibility in the Turhal District of Tokat, Turkey

Nutullah Özdemir nutullah@omu.edu.tr

362-367

2020-02-18

2020-09-01

2020-09-07

2020-10-01

In this study, changes in the erodibility (sensitivity to erosion) values of soils under different land and plant managements (sunflower, wheat, vegetables, sugar beets, alfalfa fields as well as orchards, meadows and pastures) were examined in the Turhal district of Tokat province, Turkey. Physical and chemical properties of surface soil samples along with land management practices against erosion were investigated for their impact on sensitivity to erosion. The sensitivity of the soil samples were found to be in the following order: Meadows < orchards < wheat < sunflowers < pastures < sugar beets < alfalfa < vegetables. The findings show that fundamental soil characteristics, and especially clay and organic matter content, were effective in shaping the soil structure and therefore the erodibility, as well as the way the land was used. The most suitable parametric values in soil characteristics were observed in the meadows, and the worst values were observed in the soil where vegetables beets were planted.

Soil properties, plant management, erosion ratio.