EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2015.4.220-226

10.18393/ejss.2015.4.220-226

Influence of Olea europea L. and Ficus Carrica L. fine root activity on the K biodisponibility and clay mineralogy of the rhizosphere

Sophia Mouas-Bourbia mouasbsophia@yahoo.fr

Pierre Barre

Malika Kaci

Malika Mouffok

Mohamed Rebbouh

Lila Kessouri

Hallima Ouahab

Arezki Derridj

Bruce Velde

220 - 226

2014-07-10

2015-03-12

2015-03-15

2015-10-01

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of fine root activity of Olea europea L. and Ficus carrica L. of soil in its immediate vicinity (in the so-called rhizosphere zone). The study was conducted on two stations in Northern Algeria: Guendoul and Bouira. Olea europea L. and Ficus carrica L. roots significantly modified some chemical properties of rhizosphere soil. Increases of soil carbon, KNH4+ and KHNO3- were observed in the Olea europea L. and Ficus carrica L rhizosphere soil at both stations. Bulk and rhizosphere soil clay mineralogy was similar. Interstratified illite-smectite, smectite-illite and illite were predominant in the clay fraction. Chlorite and kaolinite were less represented. The decomposition of XRD diffractograms of two soil clay fractions using the Decomp program revealed that Olea europea L. roots promote nK+ storage in interlayer position. Indeed, the lower abscissa position of the gravity center (cg) of the X-ray patterns, the peak displacement of clays populations PCI, I/S, S/I toward illite peak position indicates an increase of “illite-like” layer content in the vicinity of Olea europea L. roots. Olea europea L. roots appeared to have more influence on the rhizosphere soil than Ficus carrica L. roots probably because of its higher root biomass and the greater activity of the tree in winter (contrary to Ficus Carrica L., Olea europea L. keep their leaves in winter). The two species underground activity seems to be well reflected in their respective rhizosphere.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2015.4.227-233

10.18393/ejss.2015.4.227-233

Evaluation of optimal number of soil samples for detail reconstruction of initial field of 137Cs fallout in Chernobyl affected areas

Maxim Ivanov ivanovm@bk.ru

Valentin Golosov

Evgeniya Shamsurina

227 - 233

2014-08-11

2015-03-12

2015-03-19

2015-10-01

A Chernobyl-derived 137Cs- fallout was associated with one or two rainfalls Because of that vast areas of the Europe affected by Chernobyl-derived fallout are characterized by non-uniform field of radionuclide contamination. It was assessed after detailed field investigation within few river basins of the Central Russia located in areas with different levels of Chernobyl contamination, that existing maps of radionuclide contamination composed during last two decades are not enough detailed for assessment of initial contamination field transformation by the lateral migration processes of the Chernobyl-derived 137Cs. This problem can be overcomed if additional soil sampling are undertaken in reference locations for correction of exiting radionuclide contamination maps. However it is necessary to evaluate the optimal number of bulk samples which should be taken in each sampling point for receiving statistically correct results of radionuclide concentration. Special investigation was undertaken in few catchments (S= 2-50 km2) of the Central Russia, located in areas with different levels of initial Chernobyl contamination, for evaluation the optimal number of samples, which should be taken in each sampling point for the determination of Cs-137 concentrations error not exceed 30 % on 95 % confidence level.

Cs-137, soil sampling, evaluation of contamination, small catchments, radioecological mapping

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2015.4.234-243

10.18393/ejss.2015.4.234-243

Soil morphology as an indicator for assessment of drainage system efficiency in sugarcane cultivated lands, South Khuzestan, Iran

Marjan Dezful marjan.ansari@gmail.com

Shahla Mahmoudi

Mohammad Masih-Abadi

Abde Naseri

234 - 243

2014-08-18

2015-03-13

2015-03-19

2015-10-01

Land drainage is an operation which increases land production and ensures sustainable land use. Soil scientists attempt to arrive a scientific procedure for assessing the efficiency of drainage system, among the correlation between soil morphological characteristics, mainly soil color and redoximorphic features and water table behavior. The aims of this study were investigating the efficiency of drainage system through soil morphological and micromorphological characteristics and judge about the existence of episaturation or endosaturation, in Khuzestan sugarcane cultivated lands after years of artificial drainage. 5 pedons were dug and characterized based on their morphological and micromorphological features. The characteristics of redoximorphic features showed no considerable differences in drainage class between artificial drained field and virgin land. The only contrast was shallower ground water table in virgin lands. 4 pedons were classified as somewhat poorly drained and one as well drained. These drainage classes show that despite the existence of artificial drainage system, the problems haven’t been eliminated yet. All pedons showed horizons with low chroma colours in deeper horizons and different types of redoximorphic feature. Micromorphological observations proved that the lands were involved in Endosaturation due to high ground water level.

Endosaturation, Episaturation, Drainage, Redoximorphic features, Soil morphology

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2015.4.244-252

10.18393/ejss.2015.4.244-252

Poultry feather wastes recycling possibility as soil nutrient

Lili Mézes mezes@agr.unideb.hu

Attila Nagy

Bernadett Gálya

János Tamás

244 - 252

2014-07-01

2015-03-13

2015-03-20

2015-10-01

Poultry feathers are produced in large amounts as a waste in poultry slaughterhouses. Only 60-70% of the poultry slaughterhouse products are edible for human being. This means more million tons annually worldwide (Papadopoulus et al., 1986; Williams et al., 1991; Hegedűs et al., 1998). The keratin-content of feather can be difficulty digested, so physical, chemical and/or biological pre-treatment are needed in practice, which have to be set according to the utilization method. Feather was enzymatic degraded, and then fermented in separated bioreactors. The anaerobic bioreactor system (4 digesters with 6 litre volume) was controlled by ACE SCADA software running on Linux platforms. Pot scale seed germination tests were established to suggest the quantity of digested slurry to be utilized. The chosen test plants were lettuce (Lactuca sativa). In case of reproduction test Student’s t-test was applied to examine significant differences between the root lengths of the control and the treated plant species. In case of pot seed germination variance analysis with Tukey B’s and Duncan test was applied to examine significant differences between the root lengths of plants, grown on different treatments. The effect of treatments on germination ability of the plant species was expressed in the percentage of the controls. According to Student’s t-test significant difference was found between root lengths of different treatments. Based on variance analysis with Tukey B’s and Duncan tests could be detected a significant difference between the treatments. Utilization of the fermented material reduces the use of fertilizers and because of its large moisture content it reduces the watering costs. Recycle of the slaughterhouse feather and different agricultural wastes and by-products can solve three main problems: disposal of harmful materials, producing of renewable energy and soil nutrient, measuring reflectance at the certain spectral range, which can facilitate real time water status assessment of orchards.

Poultry feather, recycle, seed germination, root length

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2015.4.253-258

10.18393/ejss.2015.4.253-258

Changes of the properties of oil-polluted soils after recultivation (remediation) on the northern territories of the Russian Federation (the Republic of Komi)

Zakhar Ezhelev ejelevsoil@gmail.com

Aminat Umarova

Ludmila Lysak

Julia Zavgorodnyaya

253 - 258

2014-07-01

2015-03-13

2015-03-20

2015-10-01

Soil petroleum pollution is characteristic for soils of many petroleum-producing countries. The success of recultivation of such soils is determined by the speed and quality of cleaning and further propertiestransformation of recultivated soils. Our work is devoted to the examination of properties of recultivated more than 20 years ago petroleum polluted soils. We defined physical and chemical properties and regimes of soils,, fractional composition of the hydrocarbons of petroleum, the total population and the taxonomic structure of saprotrophic bacterial complex. It was shown that the ability of the studied recultivatedsoils to self-purification from anthropogenic hydrocarbons is determined by a combination of such a factors: 1- landscape position and removal of organic pollutants by surface water, 2-fractional composition of hydrocarbons, 3 – biodegradation and level of initial contamination with hydrocarbons. It was found that the direction and intensity of the soils evolution is primarily due to the degree of soil initial properties and regimes transformations during the recultivation procedure.

Soil, oil pollution, remediation

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2015.4.259-265

10.18393/ejss.2015.4.259-265

The financial feasibility of hazelnut husk and sewage sludge based vermicompost production

Vedat Ceyhan vceyhan@omu.edu.tr

İzzet Akça

Anna Veselova

Ksenia Novikova

259 - 265

2014-11-15

2015-04-25

2015-04-29

2015-10-01

Recycling the waste such as hazelnut husk, sewage sludge etc. has been one of the issues into the agenda of many countries. Therefore the purpose of the study was to examine the economic feasibility of the vermicompost production. Technical data about composting hazelnut husk and sewage sludge were gathered from past research. The time series data such as production, export, import and price of vermicompost collected from TURKSTAT, FAO and related institutions. Autoregressive integrating moving average model (ARIMA) and smoothing methods such as double exponential model and winter model were used in forecasting process. We followed net present value and internal rate of return procedures when evaluating the financial feasibility of the facility having one ton vermicompost production capacity per day. Research results showed that the profitability of vermicompost production facility was high, while the likelihood of loss was less. Vermicompost production facility with approximately 130 thousands of US dollars initial investment provided net present value of 1.28 million of US dollars during the economic life. The internal rate of vermicompost production facility was 23%. Research results also revealed that production cost of vermicompost was $0.2 per kilogram. Since vermicompost production facility investment with high profitability and low level of risk was good investment alternatives facing with low level of competitive in market, the study suggest to investors who has good back grounding about sector that they should pay attention to marketing system and market observation about organic input market.

Vermicompost production, financial feasibility, waste recycling

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2015.4.266-271

10.18393/ejss.2015.4.266-271

Effects of organic and inorganic amendments on soil erodibility

Nutullah Özdemir nutullah@omu.edu.tr

Elif Öztürk

Ö. Kop-Durmuş

İmanverdi Ekberli iman@omu.edu.tr

266 - 271

2014-10-11

2015-04-27

2015-04-30

2015-10-01

The objective of the present investigation is to find out the effect of incorporating of various organic and inorganic matter sources such as lime (L), zeolit (Z), polyacrylamide (PAM) and biosolid (BS) on the instability index. A bulk surface (0–20 cm depth) soil sample was taken from Samsun, in northern part of Turkey. Some soil properties were determined as follows; fine in texture, modarete in organic matter content, low in pH and free of alkaline problem. The soil samples were treated with the inorganic and organic materials at four different levels including the control treatments in a randomized factorial block design. The soil samples were incubated for ten weeks. After the incubation period, corn was grown in all pots. The results can be summarized as organic and inorganic matter treatments increased structure stability and decreased soil erodibility. Effectiveness of the treatments varied depending on the types and levels of organic and inorganic materials.

Structural stability, productivity, polyacrylamide, zeolit, biosolid, lime

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2015.4.272-278

10.18393/ejss.2015.4.272-278

Carbon and important macroelements of Terric Histosol after 12 years renaturalization

Kristina Amaleviciute kamaleviciute@gmail.com

Inga Liaudanskiene

Alvyra Slepetiene

Jonas Slepetys

Ieva Jokubauskaite

Jonas Volungevicius

272 - 278

2015-02-25

2015-04-30

2015-05-03

2015-10-01

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical properties of peat soil depending on changes in land-use. The Terric Histosol (HSs) was investigated in this research, and the treatments of former different land-use in Radviliškis site. Chemical analyses were carried out at the Chemical Research Laboratory of LRCAF. After 12 years since the end of field experiment the differences in soil chemical composition remained still between treatments of differently used peat soil. Due to mineralization, the content of soil organic matter (SOM) and SOC respectively decreased, the largest amounts of SOC are stored in the upper soil layer of perennial grasses fertilized with NPK (NPK), there was the highest yield of biomass; and accordingly, the lowest content of SOC – in soil of un-used peat (UU). The distribution of total N and P in profile of Terric Histosol is directly related to the vertical gradient of mineralization intensity; higher amounts of N and P have been accumulated where mineralization was more intense. The distribution of total K is related to land-use of Terric Histosol, whereas the biggest quantity of total K was established in arable land which has been fertilized with mineral fertilisers.

Terric Histosol, peat soil, renaturalization, organic carbon, macroelements of soil

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2015.4.279-286

10.18393/ejss.2015.4.279-286

Erodibility and loss of marly drived soils

Reza Sokouti rezasokouti@gmail.com

Somaieh Razagi

279 - 286

2015-03-02

2015-05-01

2015-05-03

2015-10-01

Considering to high distribution of the marly lands in west Azerbaijan province and high sediment yield of such lands, in this research, the relation among the form and the rate of erosion on marls with their erodibility properties were studied. Therefore, marly regions of province with the special properties were recognized and the soils samples were taken from 15 points of the topsoil of this area. Soil erodibility indices were determined and analyzed by statistical methods considering the form and rate of erosion. Also portable rain simulator were used to study of the runoff and sediment yield potential of such soils. Finally the factors affected the soil erodibility were determined by variance analysis. Results showed erosion rate could be classified as moderate. Gully erosion had highest number in Gare-Agaj and Gare-tappe areas whereas rill erosion had high number in all area of marly lands. Surface runoff volume ranged between 255 to 577 cm3 in Shabanlu region and surface runoff coefficient varied from 0.23 to 0.53 in Gare-tappe. Maximum turbidity yield was determined 180 gr/lit in Gare-Agaj area. It was found that the clay ratio played the important role (P≤0.05) in creating the gully erosion and the volume of runoff in the surface and rill erosion.

Marl, clay ratio, erodibility, sediment, runoff

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2015.4.287-300

10.18393/ejss.2015.4.287-300

Applications of nitrate and ammonium fertilizers alter soil nematode food webs in a continuous cucumber cropping system in Southwestern Sichuan, China

Kaiwen Pan pankw@cib.ac.cn

Pimin Gong

Jinchuang Wang

Yanjie Wang

Chenggang Liu

Wei Li

Lin Zhang

287 - 300

2015-02-09

2015-05-04

2015-05-07

2015-10-01

Nitrate (NO3--N) and ammonium (NH4+-N) fertilizers are the main forms of chemical inorganic nitrogen fertilizers that are widely used in agro-ecosystem for high yield. However, the responses of soil nematode food web to different forms and rates of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the responses of soil nematode food web to the applications of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers in a continuous cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cropping system. Nitrate (NaNO3) and ammonium (NH4HCO3) fertilizers were applied to cucumber plants at the nitrogen (N) rate of 0, 67.5, 135.0 and 202.5 kg N hm-2 before planting. It was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at Huaizi village, Leshan district, Sichuan province, Southwestern China. The effects were analyzed at the stages of seedling, blooming and fruiting, respectively. The results indicated that the numbers of nematodes were significantly higher in soils with the addition of 67.5 kg N hm-2 than the control at the seedling and blooming stages. Nematode number strongly increased at the seedling stage and decreased at the blooming and fruiting stages in nitrate-treated soils compared to the ammonium-treated. The percentage of herbivores to total nematodes significantly decreased while that of bacterivores increased with a fertilizer rate less than 135 kg N hm-2 at the seedling and fruiting stages. Nitrate significantly reduced the percentage of herbivores, and increased that of bacterivores to total nematodes by comparison with ammonium at the blooming and fruiting stages. The application of nitrate significantly increased nematode diversity and evenness, and decreased dominance at the blooming stage relative to ammonium. Nitrate significantly decreased the values of channel index at the blooming stage and maturity index at the seedling stage in comparison with ammonium, respectively. Enrichment index and structural index strongly increased at the seedling stage, and decreased at the blooming and fruiting stages under the treatment of nitrate relative to ammonium. The results suggested responses of nematode food web dependent on the rates and forms of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers and stages of cucumber growth.

Nitrogen fertilizer, soil nematodes, trophic groups, soil food web, cucumber cropping system