EJSSEurasian Journal of Soil ScienceEurasian J Soil Sci2147 - 4249Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societieshttp://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.130974610.18393/ejss.1309746Comprehensive assessment and information database on saline and waterlogged soils in Kazakhstan: Insights from Remote Sensing TechnologyNurgali Bektayev Kamshat Mansurova mansurova_kamshat@mail.ruSagynbay Kaldybayev Konstantin Pachikin Kenzhe Еrzhanova Botagoz Absatova 124290 - 2992022-11-122023-05-212023-06-052023-09-27 Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies Soil salinity and waterlogging are significant challenges in agricultural regions worldwide, including Kazakhstan. Understanding the characteristics and distribution of saline and waterlogged soils is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate their negative impact on crop productivity and environmental sustainability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of saline and waterlogged soils in various zones of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including the desert, foothill semi-desert (vertical), semi-desert (latitudinal), and dry-steppe areas. By examining the genetic horizons, chemical composition, ionic composition, salt content, and granulometric composition of these soils, this research contributes to the knowledge base necessary for implementing targeted soil management practices and restoration techniques. Fieldwork was conducted at 66 designated base points, where detailed descriptions of the genetic horizons of these soils were made. The data collected from these surveys were utilized to create an extensive information database, encompassing various indicators such as nomenclature, profile structure morphology, chemical composition, ionic composition of water extracts, salt content, absorbed cations, and granulometric composition. The findings reveal that saline soils cover a significant area of 16.7% (35,817.4 thousand hectares) of the agricultural land, while waterlogged soils occupy 0.5% (1,083.4 thousand hectares). The study highlights the poor fertility of saline soils due to high concentrations of water-soluble salts, predominantly sodium chlorides and sulfates, throughout the soil profile. Conversely, waterlogged soils exhibit distinct features such as gleyed horizons and a greenish-grayish color, with variations in fertility. The information presented in this study contributes to the understanding of the characteristics and distribution of saline and waterlogged soils in Kazakhstan, facilitating the development of strategies to restore soil fertility and implement appropriate management practices.Information base, salinity, waterlogging, remote sensing, solonchak soil, peat-bog soil, GIS technology.http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.130975310.18393/ejss.1309753Prediction of some selected soil properties using the Hungarian Mid-infrared spectral libraryMohammed Ahmed MohammedZein mohammdzain@yahoo.comAdam Csorba Brian Rotich Phenson Nsima Justin Hanaa Tharwat Mohamed Erika Micheli 124300 - 3092023-02-012023-05-202023-06-052023-09-27 Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies Routine soil chemical and physical laboratory analysis provides a better understanding of the soil by evaluating its quality and functions. Demands for the development of national Mid-infrared (MIR) spectral libraries for predicting soil attributes with high accuracy have risen substantially in the recent past. Such MIR spectral library is usually regarded as a fast, cheap and non-destructive technique for estimating soil properties compared to laboratory soil analysis. The main objective of this research was to assess the performance of the Hungarian MIR spectral library in estimating four soil properties namely: Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Exchangeable Mg and Ca and pH water at different scenarios. Archived soil samples were scanned and spectra data were saved in the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer OPUS software. Preprocessed filtering, outlier detection and calibration sample selection methods were applied to the spectral library. MIR calibration models were built for soil attributes using partial least square regression method and the models were validated with sample predictions. R2, RMSE and RPD were used to assess the goodness of calibration and validation models. MIR spectral library had the ability to estimate soil properties such as CEC and exchangeable Ca and Mg through various scale models (national, county and soil type). The findings showed that the Hungarian MIR spectral library for estimation of soil properties has the ability to provide good information on national, county and soil type scales at different levels of accuracy.Mid-infrared spectroscopy, soil information monitoring system, partial least square regression, fourier transform infrared spectrometer, coefficient determination.http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.132715510.18393/ejss.1327155Soil fertility evaluation and land-use effects on soil properties, carbon and nitrogen sequestration in the rainforest of NigeriaUgochukwu Nnamdi Onyegbule Stanley Uchenna Onwudike stanley.onwudike@futo.edu.ngNkechinyere Opara-Nadi Olive Opara-Nadi 124310 - 3192022-10-202023-07-122023-07-132023-09-27 Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies This study investigates changes in soil properties, specifically soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN), associated with different land use systems derived from forests in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. The land use systems examined include mature oil palm plantation (OP), bush fallow or secondary forest (BF), alley cropping with multi-purpose trees (AC), and continuous cassava cropping with and without fertilizer (FC and UC). Converting forests to cultivated land led to a decrease in SOC and TN content and storage across all soil depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm). In the top 0-10 cm depth, the average decrease in SOC and TN storage was 63% and 62%, respectively, while for 0-40 cm, the decrease was 48% and 46%, respectively, for all land use systems derived from forests. Furthermore, the study reveals that even after 5, 10, and 30 years of secondary forest regrowth (BF), alley cropping (AC), and oil palm plantation (OP), respectively, the fertility levels were not restored to those observed in the primary forest. These findings underscore the capacity of forest soils to conserve and enhance soil SOM (soil organic matter), which in turn plays an essential role in SOC sequestration, TN storage, and soil nutrient conservation.Carbon sequestration, land uses, nitrogen sequestration, soil fertility, vegetation.http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.132854810.18393/ejss.1328548Assessing the biomass yield and nitrogen fixation of Lupinus angustifolius varieties as green manure in Jalisco, MexicoJuan Francisco Zamora Natera Isidro Zapata Hernández chilo0602@hotmail.comCarlos Ernesto Aguilar Jiménez Franklin B. Martínez Aguilar José Galdámez Galdámez 124320 - 3272022-12-012023-07-122023-07-172023-09-27 Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies Limited information is available in Mexico regarding the use of Lupinus angustifolius L. as a green manure. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of six Lupinus angustifolius varieties as green manure in terms of above-ground biomass production, expressed as dry matter (DM), and total nitrogen (N) accumulation at successive harvest dates. Additionally, the study aimed to estimate N2 fixation 110 days after sowing (DAS). The varieties Haags Blaue, Boregine, Borlu, Probor, Sonate, and Boruta were sown during the winter season of 2018-2019 using a randomized block factorial design. The N difference method was employed to estimate N2 fixation, with wheat serving as the reference crop. Data on above-ground biomass production, N concentration, and total N accumulation were recorded at different harvest times: 80, 95, and 110 DAS. The biomass yield of all varieties significantly increased from the first to the last harvest, with the highest yield observed at the final harvest (ranging from 7,632 to 10,200 kg ha-1). The highest total N accumulation from biomass was recorded at the last harvest. On average, the Borlu, Boregine, Haags Blaue, and Boruta varieties accumulated 195.4 kg ha-1 of total N (ranging from 195.6 to 221.2 kg ha-1). The proportion of N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) through N2 fixation averaged 80.09% (ranging from 72% to 93%), resulting in an average N fixation of 160 kg ha-1 (ranging from 106 to 185 kg ha-1) in above-ground biomass. All six varieties demonstrated potential as green manure, considering their above-ground biomass production, total N accumulation, and ability to fix N2.Dry matter, harvest date, legumes, lupins, N2 fixation, Rhizobia.http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.133196010.18393/ejss.1331960Assessing the efficacy of ameliorants on saline-sodic soils: Laboratory insights for reclamation strategiesNurzikhan Seitkali nurzikhan.seitkali@kaznaru.edu.kzAskhat Naushabayev Shynar Mazkirat Tursunay Vassilina 124328 - 3342022-11-042023-07-172023-07-242023-09-27 Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies This study presents the combined findings of laboratory experiments conducted to assess the efficacy of various ameliorants on saline-sodic soils in the foothill plain of Ile Alatau in the Northern Tianshan region. The investigation focused on the influence of phosphogypsum, elemental sulfur, nano sulfur, and sulfuric acid on the ionic composition of the soil solution and their impact on the soil-absorbing complex. Different doses of these ameliorants were applied to saline-sodic soil samples, and their incubation period was observed. The analysis of the aqueous extract of the soil emphasized the presence of bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, calcium, and sodium ions. The results revealed that sulfuric acid was the most effective ameliorant, rapidly neutralizing extreme alkalinity, reducing bicarbonate and carbonate ion content, and increasing sulfate and sodium ion concentrations. Elemental sulfur ranked second in effectiveness, significantly decreasing bicarbonate and carbonate ions and increasing sulfate and sodium ions. Phosphogypsum exhibited the lowest effectiveness, causing reductions in bicarbonate and carbonate ions and modest increases in sulfate and calcium ions. The study demonstrated that the introduction of phosphogypsum led to an increase in calcium and sulfate ions in the soil solution, while elemental sulfur and sulfuric acid significantly increased the sulfate ion content. Sulfuric acid exhibited the highest efficacy among the ameliorants, completely neutralizing normal carbonates and reducing alkalinity in the soil solution. The formation of subsoil gypsum through the interaction of sulfuric acid with calcium carbonates facilitated the displacement of sodium from the soil-absorbing complex. These findings contribute to our understanding of the processes involved in the amelioration of saline-sodic soils and provide insights into effective soil management practices. They serve as a theoretical basis for developing strategies for the reclamation of such soils worldwide. The research highlights sulfuric acid as the most effective ameliorant for saline-sodic soils, resulting in a significant rearrangement of the soil's ionic composition. Further research and field studies are necessary to validate and refine these laboratory findings for practical applications in soil improvement methods.Saline-sodic soils, ameliorants, soil reclamation, Soil management.http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.133197410.18393/ejss.1331974Biodiversity of symbiotic microbes in association with Sulla aculeata spp. from semi-arid regions of MoroccoAnass El Yemlahi Samia Hamane Amin Laglaoui Mohammed Bakkali Abdelhay Arakrak arakrak_abdelhay@yahoo.fr124335 - 3432022-12-052023-07-182023-07-242023-09-27 Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies Twenty-six root nodule bacteria from two native forage legumes namely Sulla aculeolata subsp. aculeolata and Sulla aculeolata subsp. mauritanica were isolated and analyzed using a polyphasic approach comprising phenotypic traits, ERIC-PCR, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This is the first time a study has been performed to determine the diversity of bacteria associated with Sulla aculeolata spp. Phenotypically, all the isolates were identified as fast-growing bacteria and shows high tolerance toward various stressed conditions, particularly those derived from S. aculeolata subsp. mauritanica. On the other hand, the genotypic characterization revealed high diversity among the isolated bacteria and clustered into 14 clusters at the similarity index of 90% based on ERIC-PCR analysis. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of representatives strains indicates that all the strains share 99 to 100% identity with bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Paenibacillus genera with a clear relation to their host plant. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested the inoculation of plants with appropriate bacteria to enhance plant growth and quality of Sulla aculeolata under semi-arid conditions of the Mediterranean area.Genotypic characterization, Root-nodule bacteria, Sulla aculeata spp.http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.133334710.18393/ejss.1333347Morphologic and chemical characterizations of some salep orchidsOmer Caliskan ocaliskan@omu.edu.trAyşegül Beşir Münir Anıl Coşkun Gülser Fehmi Yazıcı Dursun Kurt 124344 - 3512022-12-112023-07-172023-07-262023-09-27 Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies Salep orchids have been used as a food for centuries without cultivating but, mainly harvesting from nature. After powdering, their tubers are utilized as hot beverage and in ice-cream industry as a stabilizer. Due to their importance in food industry, it is important to characterize the morphology and chemistry of salep orchids. In this study, it was aimed to determine some morphological (fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter ratio of tubers and the number of tubers required for 1 kg salep powder) and chemical (glucomannan, starch, protein, moisture, ash, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, manganese and zinc contents and glucomannan/starch ratio of tubers) properties of 10 salep orchid species from 6 genus namely, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Dactylorhiza romana, Himantoglossum caprinum, Himantoglossum comperianum, Ophrys apifera, Ophrys mammosa, Orchis coriophora, Orchis morio, Orchis tridendata, Serapias vomeracea grown in nature of Black Sea Region of Türkiye. Such a kinds of data is the first and can be beneficial in utilizing the researched species in food industry.Mineral contents, Orchidacea, sahlep, terrestrial orchids, tuber.http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.133427610.18393/ejss.1334276Evaluation of thermal properties of soils amended with microplastics, vermicompost and zeolite using experimental and modeling dataKaterina Doneva caeruleus2001@yahoo.comMilena Kercheva Carles Rubio 124352 - 3622023-03-172023-07-182023-07-282023-09-27 Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies The thermal properties of soils can be influenced by additives of different origins (non-organic, organic and mineral) and roles in soil quality. This study aims to evaluate the effects of microplastics, vermicompost, and zeolite on the thermal properties of two soil types using a combination of experimental data and modeling approaches. Laboratory experiments were conducted using surface layer samples of a clay soil (Vertic Phaeozem) and a loam soil (Haplic Cambisol). Each additive was applied at a mass ratio of 10% to the soil samples. The thermal conductivity (λ), thermal diffusivity (D) and volumetric heat capacity (Cv) were measured with the SH1 sensor of a KD2Pro device during the drainage process of the soil samples at different matric potentials. The relationships between λ, Cv, D, gravimetric water content, and matric suction (h) were analyzed using linear and polynomial regression models (for Cv and D) and a closed-form equation (for λ). The fitted models exhibited small errors, such as a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.03-0.06 W m-1 K-1, and high coefficient of determination R2>0.9. The effects of the different additives on water retention, λ, Cv and D were found to be specific to each soil type and depended on the properties of both the soil and the additives. These findings highlight the significance of additives in modifying soil thermal properties and emphasize the importance of considering the interactions between soil characteristics and additive properties. The combination of experimental data and modeling approaches provides valuable insights into understanding the complex dynamics of soil thermal properties and the potential impacts of additives on soil functionality and quality.Microplastics, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, vermicompost, volumetric heat capacity, zeolite.http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.134446210.18393/ejss.1344462Effects of different fertilization practices on CH4 and N2O emissions in various crop cultivation systems: A case study in KazakhstanMaira Kussainova maira.kussainova@kaznaru.edu.kzMaxat Toishimanov Gulnaz Iskakova Nursultan Nurgali Jiquan Chen 124363 - 3702022-11-192023-07-252023-08-162023-09-27 Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies The present study investigates the effects of different fertilization practices, including chemical and organic fertilizers, on CH4 and N2O emissions in various crop cultivation systems in Kazakhstan. The research focuses on three staple crops: wheat, barley, and corn, which are commonly grown in the region. A randomized complete block design field trial was conducted with three replications for each crop, totaling 27 plots. Gas sampling was carried out five times between June and September 2021, with cylindrical gas sampling chambers inserted into the soil at a depth of 10 cm. The concentrations of CH4 and N2O were analyzed using GS-MS. Results reveal that all three crops exhibited moderate to high CH4 and N2O emissions, with corn consistently displaying the highest emissions. Both chemical and organic fertilizers led to increased emissions of CH4 and N2O compared to control plots. The organic fertilizer treatment occasionally showed slightly higher emissions compared to chemical fertilizer treatment. However, the differences in CH4 and N2O concentrations between fertilized and unfertilized plots were not drastically significant. Notably, environmental factors, such as soil moisture and temperature, played a more prominent role in influencing CH4 and N2O production than the type of fertilizer applied. These findings underscore the significance of optimizing fertilization practices to minimize greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining crop productivity and promoting sustainable agriculture in Kazakhstan.Greenhouse gas emissions, fertilization practices, crop cultivation, Kazakhstan.http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.135660410.18393/ejss.1356604Impact of varied NPK fertilizer application rates and seed quantities on barley yield and soil nutrient availability in chestnut soil of AzerbaijanRahila İslamzade rehile.islamzade@gmail.comGatiba Hasanova Sevinj Asadova 124371 - 3812022-11-152023-09-032023-09-072023-09-27 Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies In the Gobustan district of Azerbaijan, the cultivation of barley is influenced by a complex interplay of soil properties, climate change effects, and agricultural practices. This study explores the impact of varying NPK fertilizer application rates and seed quantities, under natural climatic conditions, on barley yield and soil nutrient availability within Chestnut soils. The district's unique Chestnut soils, combined with evolving precipitation patterns due to climate change and the role of agricultural irrigation, create intricate challenges for successful barley farming. The experiment, conducted from 2016 to 2019, utilized a randomized complete block design with four replications to investigate the "Celilabad-19" barley variety. The results reveal a significant positive correlation between nitrogen application and grain yield. Notably, treatment 140-N60P45K45 (140 kg seed rate, 60 kg N/ha, 45 kg P/ha and 45 kg K/ha) demonstrated the highest average grain yield of 5.14 t/ha. The years 2017-2018 exhibited higher yields, possibly due to favorable climate conditions. Soil analyses indicated that higher NPK application rates led to elevated soil nutrient levels. However, nutrient content declined as plants progressed through growth stages, emphasizing the dynamic nutrient exchange between plants and soil. This study underscores the importance of adaptive agricultural strategies that consider climate variability and changing environmental conditions. The findings offer insights into sustainable cultivation practices essential for food security and crop production in the evolving climate of the Gobustan district.Barley cultivation, NPK fertilizer, seed rates, climate change, soil nutrient dynamics.