EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1098600

10.18393/ejss.1098600

Deforestation effects on soil properties and erosion: a case study in the central Rif, Morocco

Mohamed El Mazi mazimed63@gmail.com

Mostafa Hmamouchi

Er-riyahi Saber

Soumaya Bouchantouf

Abdelghani Houari

275-283

2021-04-18

2022-03-07

2022-04-04

2022-10-01

In the Central Rif in the north of Morocco, forest ecosystems have suffered a very sharp decline in favor of crops. Deforestation followed by cultivation illustrates the important environmental, economic and social roles of forests. The objective of this work is to assess the impact of deforestation on soil properties and erosion in the southern Central Rif. The loss of fertility of cleared soils was assessed using physico-chemical analyses after 2, 8 and 20 years of cultivation. A manual rainfall simulation was used to assess the impact of cultivation on the hydrodynamic behavior of the soil. The results show that the conversion of forests into agricultural areas has multiple consequences on the natural system. The general trend of soil texture elements after cultivation shows a significant increase in sand content, and a decrease in clay and silt content. Soil erodibility measured by USLE-K factor increased 3.5 times in the cultivated soil for 20 yrs. compared to the forest soil. Subsequent tillage of cultivated land increases bulk density and fragments large aggregates into smaller ones. Cultivation for 8 and 20 yr decreased SOM by 41 and 82% respectively. Total Nitrogen decreased by 45%, acidity increased by 0.8 unit after 20 years of cultivation. Conversion of natural forest to agricultural land significantly increases soil erosion. The erosion rate becomes higher in the cultivated the 8 and 20 yr cultivation, with an average of 219.60 ± 19.3 and 989.17 ± 68.4 g m-2 h-1 respectively. This degradation hinders agricultural productivity, leading farmers to abandon the land and seek new plots at the expense of forests to meet their agricultural land needs.

Land use change, cultivation, rainfall simulation, organic matter, erosion.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1108521

10.18393/ejss.1108521

Isolation and characterization of salt tolerant bacteria from saline soils of Bangladesh

Hasna Hena

Mariam Khanam

GKM Mustafizur Rahman

Md. Safiul Islam Afrad

Mohammad Saiful Alam saiful@bsmrau.edu.bd

284-294

2021-11-16

2022-04-19

2022-04-25

2022-10-01

Salinity is an important abiotic stress that limits the productivity of crops growing on the salt affected areas because excess salt concentration in the soil has detrimental effect on growth and development of plants. Beneficial microorganisms having the inimitable characteristics like tolerance to soil salinity, synthesis of plant growth hormones, facilitating nutrient uptake, bio-control ability and beneficial interaction with plants could be vital to address the problem. An experiment was carried out with the objectives of isolating and characterizing saline tolerant bacteria for utilizing as a tool for bioremediation. Soil samples were collected from three saline affected districts of Bangladesh viz. Khulna, Satkhira and Bhola. The highest bacterial population was found in Satkhira followed by Khulna and the lowest was found in Bhola. Eighteen (18) bacterial isolates viz. BU B1, BU B2, BU B3, BU B4, BU B5, BU B6, BU B7, BU B8, BU B9, BU S1, BU S2, BU S3, BU S4, BU S5, BU S6, BU S7, BU K1 and BU K2 were identified according to the colony color and shape. All the isolated bacteria showed positive response to produce IAA. Isolates BU S4, BU B7 and BU S1 showed highest IAA production ability. Among the 18 isolates, 12 were Gram positive and showed negative reaction on KOH test and the rest 6 isolates were Gram negative and showed positive reaction on KOH test. The isolates BU B1, BU B4, BU B6, BU S6, BU K1 and BU K2 were slow growing bacteria and the rest were fast grower. Biochemical tests indicate that 13 isolates were positive for catalase and P solubilization test. Whereas, 11 isolates could degrade the cellulose. For screening of bacterial isolates against NaCl tolerance, the isolates were cultured on NA medium having different salt concentrations. Experimental results reveal that all the isolates could tolerate 4.0% NaCl concentration except BU B6. Ten isolates showed the ability to tolerate NaCl up to 8.0%. The isolates BU B7 and BU S4 showed highest salinity tolerance along with better response to different biochemical characteristics. Therefore, these isolates may become promising for the bioremediation of soil salinity in the saline affected areas of Bangladesh.

Salinity, bacteria, salinity tolerance, bioremediation

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1114772

10.18393/ejss.1114772

Influence of inoculating microbes on municipal sewage sludge composting

Makpal B. Bostubaeva bostubayeva@gmail.com

Ainash P. Nauanova

Rıdvan Kızılkaya

295-302

2021-11-21

2022-04-29

2022-05-10

2022-10-01

The influence of Ilkompost and Micromix bacterial consortium inoculation during sewage sludge (SS) with wheat straw (WS) composting was assessed. The eﬀect of inoculation on compost quality parameters such as pH, temperature, nutrient contents and C/N, bacterial and fungal population were determined. Compared to the control treatment, the temperature of piles and population of microorganism increased after inoculated bacterial consortiums at the beginning of compost. But, WS addition did not effect on compost quality parameters and microbial population. Fungal and bacterial population, the peak temperature, or heating rate, of Micromix bacterial consortium based on Streptomyces pratensis, Bacillus mesentericus, Azotobacter chroococcum inoculated treatments was clearly higher than that of Ilkompost bacterial consortium based on Pediococcus pentosaceus, Streptomyces sindenensis, Bacillus megaterium inoculated treatments.

Sewage sludge, composting, inoculation, bacteria, fungi.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1120539

10.18393/ejss.1120539

A study about radiation dosimetry and heavy metal pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-ecological and Heavy Metal Risks)

Nurdan Akakçe nurdan.akakce@ege.edu.tr

Günseli Yaprak

Berkay Camgöz

303-315

2021-12-07

2022-05-10

2022-05-24

2022-10-01

Agricultural researchers in many countries investigate radiological risks in soil and crops because it concerns human health. In addition, they also study heavy metal pollution in plants in cultivated soil for ecological safety. This study aims to analyze the activity concentrations of radionuclides and heavy metals in soil and corn crops in the Küçük Menderes Basin (Izmir, Turkey) – which is enriched with phosphatic fertilizers. We collected soil and corn samples from the area, and then separately measured concentrations of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) they contain. Activity concentrations of the radionuclides were acquired by radiometric methods (gamma spectroscopy). Heavy metal amounts were calculated using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry). The mean heavy metal concentrations in the soil (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg) were 0.096, 40.26, 26.51, 72.43, 32.24, 7.05 mg kg-1, 158.28 µg kg-1 and in the corn (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg) were 0.01, 1.09, 2.05, 22.00, 0.54, 0.24 mg kg-1, 12.15 µg kg-1. The heavy metal concentrations in soil samples were as follows: Hg < Cd < Pb < Cu < Ni < Cr < Zn and in corn samples were as follows: Hg < Cd < Pb < Ni < Cr < Cu < Zn. Also, the mean activity concentrations in the soils (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) were 36.2±2, 32±1, 615.44±7 Bq kg-1. The 226Ra and 232Th concentrations in the corn samples are smaller than the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA). However, the mean activity concentration of 40K in the corn samples is 310.7±8 Bq kg-1. These values considered are acceptable for human health according to UNSCEAR (2000). The heavy metal concentrations in the soil and corn samples are within acceptable limits for Turkish Government. The level of radionuclide activity and heavy metal concentrations, as well as both transfer and bio-concentration factors are comparable with those of a handful of other countries. Long-term research on radio-ecological risks is very important for agricultural control. In addition, the data set of radiation levels and pollutant elements do not have a fixed amount in related materials such as soil and plants. On the other hand, the quantity of pollutants soil (via plants) has risen due to activity from non-controlled industrial facilities. Researchers and governments alike therefore must monitor ecological pollution of terrestrial radionuclides and heavy elements on a routine basis.

Radioecology, agronomy, heavy metals, soil, corn.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1125125

10.18393/ejss.1125125

Bioremediation of HCB-contaminated soil using Comamonas testosteroni and Zea mays L.

Mariia Dimova mdildiv@gmail.com

Galyna Iutynska

Iryna Levchuk

Nadiya Yamborko

316-321

2021-11-22

2022-05-13

2022-06-01

2022-10-01

Bioremediation measures to restore soil ecosystems are environmentally safe, promising and relevant. Soil ecosystems contaminated with hexachlorobenzene require remediation measures. Studying the effectiveness of applying the microbial remediator Comamonas testosteroni UCM B-400, phytoremediator Zea mays L. cultivar Olena and microbial and phytoremediation complex to remove hexachlorobenzene contamination was carried out. The HCB content was determined by chromatographic method, the microbial groups reactions to application of various remediators in the soil were studied by classical microbiological methods. The results showed that the most effective is the complex using remediators Comamonas testosteroni UCM B-400 and Zea mays L. cultivar Olena, where HCB content was reduced to 82%.

Bioremediation, phytoremediator, bacterial strain-destructor, hexachlorobenzene.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1135498

10.18393/ejss.1135498

Effect of foliar mineral fertilizer and plant growth regulator application on seed yield and yield components of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars

Sholpan S. Muminova sholpan-080@mail.ru

Gulnara R. Tastanbekova

Askar A. Kashkarov

Gulfari N. Azhimetova

Alimbay M. Balgabaev

322-328

2021-11-11

2022-06-21

2022-06-24

2022-10-01

Soybean is known for its high protein content, which is the reason why it is widely used as one of the main food sources for humans and animals. In order to increase soybean yield, farmers tend to use foliar mineral fertilizer and plant growth regulator to this crop. Furthermore, a starter fertilizer application into the soil without foliar application may cause low yield contents of soybean. The aim of this investigation was to estimate the effects of different foliar mineral fertilizers (MF) and plant growth regulator (RGR) application on quantitative traits (plant height (PH), lower pods attachment height (LPH), number of seed pods per plant (NSPP), number of seeds per plant (NSP), weight of seeds per plant (WSP) and 1000-seed weight (TSW) and soybean grain yield (SGY)) in three soybean cultivars (Lastochka, Akku and Galina) in Shymkent of the Turkestan region, Kazakhstan. Four treatments of fertilization were tested: control (starter fertilizer, Р60К45), Р60К45 + Mo+B, Р60К45 + Epin and Р60К45 +Vuksal. Mo+ B, Epin and Vuksal were foliar applied one-two times at growth stage. The field experiments were carried out in South-Western Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Plant Growing, during the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. In both research years, Akku had higher values for all investigated traits than Lastochka and Galina. Results showed that foliar MF and PGR application significantly increased the values for PH, LPH, NSPP, NSP, WSP, TSW and SGY. Vuksal is more effective than Epin and Mo,B in soybean cultivars because Vuksal is a liquid fertilizer that contains has higher concentration of macronutrients (16%N, 16%P2O5, 12%K2O+me, w/v). Generally, cultivar Akku and treatment starter fertilizer (Р60К45) + Vuksal (2,5 L/ha) may be recommended in soybean production in localities with similar agro-ecological conditions.

Soybean cultivars, foliar application, seed yield, fertilizer.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1135515

10.18393/ejss.1135515

Biomass yield, soil cover and minerals accumulation by two green manures species grown in soils of Chiapas Mexico

Isidro Zapata Hernández

Héctor Vázquez Solís

Franklin B. Martinez Aguilar

Carlos Ernesto Aguilar Jimenez ejimenez@unach.mx

Juan Francisco Zamora Natera

329-336

2021-11-16

2022-06-17

2022-06-24

2022-10-01

The aim of the current study was to assess the performance of Canavalia ensiformis and Mucuna deeringiana (Leguminosae) as a green manure in the agricultural soil of the Frailesca region of Chiapas, México, in terms of aboveground biomass accumulation, plant height, number of leaves, canopy coverage, and the accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Each species was sowed at two population densities under a randomized complete block design with three replications. Every 30 days after sowing (DAS), the following variables were quantified: plant length, number of leaves, canopy coverage, biomass yield, and N, P, and K content. A variance analysis and mean comparison test (Tukey 0.05) were performed for each variable. The biomass yield in M. deeringiana fluctuated from 9150 to 33,160 kg ha-1 on a fresh basis and from 4490 to 15,890 kg ha-1 on a dry basis, whereas the yield in C. ensiformis varied from 9343 to 26,390 kg ha-1 and from 4513 to 13,150 kg ha-1, respectively. The longest recorded plant length was 513.00 cm in M. deeringiana and 155 cm in C. ensiformis, with a total of 353 and 322 leaves, respectively. The accumulation of N, P, and K was 463.99 kg ha-1, 84.22 kg ha-1, and 49.26 kg ha-1 in M. deeringiana and 341.90 kg ha-1, 43.40 kg ha-1, and 36.82 kg ha-1 in C. ensiformis, respectively. Both C. ensiformis and M. deeringiana have potential as green manure for the Frailesca region of Chiapas in terms of biomass production and N accumulation.

Canavalia ensiformis, Canopy coverage, dry matter, ecotechnologies, legumes, Mucuna deeringiana.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1162364

10.18393/ejss.1162364

The effects of NPK fertilization on hay production and some yield components of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) in the dry steppe zone of Eastern Kazakhstan

Gulim O. Kamzina Erlan_gulim@mail.ru

Saule M. Seilgazina

Saule E. Suleimenova

Araily A. Zakieva

Aigul Zhamangarayeva

337-344

2021-11-11

2022-08-07

2022-08-15

2022-10-01

A three-year-long field experiment was conducted in a continuous grazing system with a variable stocking rate to evaluate effects of increasing NPK fertilization rates (Control- N0P0K0, N60P40K30, and N80P50K40) in crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) on hay production, some yield components and crude protein concentration in the dry steppe zone of Eastern Kazakhstan. At harvesting, hay production (fresh and dry weight), seeding rate (SER), shrub diameter (SHD), height of generative shoots (HGS), length of root leaves (LRL), weight per bush (WEB), percentage of leaves and vegetative shoots (LVS) and crude protein concentration of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) were determined. NPK fertilizer treatments increased hay production, SER, SHD, HGS, LRL, WEB, LVS and crude protein concentration. The results showed that crested wheatgrass at the N80P50K40 treatments achieved a higher hay production and some yield components of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) in the dry steppe zone of Eastern Kazakhstan than other NPK treatment and control.

Crested wheatgrass, fertilization, hay production, crude protein concentration.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1172178

10.18393/ejss.1172178

The effect of bio-humus on Cardinal grape yield (Vitis vinifera L.) and nutrient contents of dark brown soil using drip irrigation systems under the open field conditions

Ulviyya Mammadova um.mammadova@gmail.com

345-352

2022-03-12

2022-09-02

2022-09-07

2022-10-01

The aim of this study was to investigate impact of bio-humus on Cardinal grape yield (Vitis vinifera L.) and nutrient contents of dark brown soil using drip irrigation systems under the open field conditions in the vineyard region of Azerbaijan. A field experiment was conducted in a Cardinal Vineyard farm located in Shamakhi district, Azerbaijan between May and October 2021. An experiment with one dose of bio-humus treatment (5 t.ha-1) and three replications, with a plot size of 1 ha treatment was used. There were performed drip irrigation, starting from May 15 up to September 15, every 15 days. The soil sampling and measurements carried out after harvest the application of bio-humus in soil and the soil samples were collected from depth of 20 cm. The results showed that addition of bio-humus increased fresh berryweight yield, contents of organic matter, total N, available P, and available micronurtient (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) in soil compared with control plots. The soils treated with bio-humus had significantly more EC in comparison to unamended plots. The addition of bio-humus in soil resulted in increase of soil pH.

Bio-humus, grape yield, soil nutrients, vermicompost.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1172771

10.18393/ejss.1172771

Assessing the effect of application of organic manures and grapevine pruned biomass on Thompson Seedless

Ajay Kumar Upadhyay

Yukti Verma vermayukti98@gmail.com

Jagdev Sharma

Ravindra Mulik

Vishnu D. Rajput

Tatiana Minkina

353-362

2022-06-02

2022-07-01

2022-09-08

2022-10-01

Our soil continues to grapple with a number of familiar challenges like soil infertility, unfavourable soil conditions, and declining soil health as well as quality. These issues are caused by the ongoing crises of climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and excessive fertilizer usage alone in intensive cropping. Deterioration of soil health can be alleviated by application of organic fertilizers. With this background, the current experiment was conducted during 2013- 2016 to evaluate the effect of different organic sources viz. farm yard manure (FYM), green manure, press mud compost and grapevine pruning residue on Thompson Seedless and soil organic carbon content. Results indicated that maximum yield of 19.50 t/ha was obtained in T3 (press mud @15ton/ha). The increase in yield was +10.36% and +4.62% over T1 (only Fertigation schedule) and T2 (FYM), respectively. Maximum petiole potassium concentration (1.63%) was recorded in T3 at fruit bud differentiation stage. The soil organic carbon was highest in T4 (FYM @7.5 ton/ha and Press mud @ 7.5 ton/ha) among all the treatments. The increase was +5.6%, +66.66% and +63.56% over T1 in first, second and third year respectively. The gross returns (Rs. 319945/-), net profit (Rs. 121170/-) as well as cost benefit ratio (0.61) was maximum in case of press mud among all the organic sources. On the basis of obtained results, it can be concluded that use of press mud compost or press mud and FYM may be recommended as an organic fertilizer to improve yield and petiole nutrient content of Thompson Seedless as well as soil organic carbon content.

Farm yard manure, press mud compost, green manure, petiole, grapes.