EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.935397

10.18393/ejss.935397

Reduced plant uptake of PAHs from soil amended with sunflower husk biochar

Svetlana Sushkova terra_rossa@mail.ru

Tatiana Minkina

Tamara Dudnikova

Andrey Barbashev

Yurii Popov

Vishnu Rajput

Tatiana Bauer

Olga Nazarenko

Rıdvan Kızılkaya

269 - 277

2020-11-19

2021-05-06

2021-05-09

2021-09-30

Biochar effect on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) uptake by spring barley (Hordeum Sativum) was studied in model experiment conditions with Haplic Chernozem spiked by the high doses of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (400, 800 and 1200 µg kg-1), as the main marker of PAHs contamination. The relevance of the study is due to the BaP stability in natural environments and its carcinogenicity in relation to all living organisms. The express method of subcritical water extraction was used for BaP extraction from samples. The soil contamination by BaP contributed to the PAHs accumulation in soil and plants uptake from the polluted soil. It was found the 1% biochar application dose in the variant with 400 µg kg-1 contamination decreased the alone BaP and total PAHs content in soil and spring barley up to 50% compared to the contaminated variant. In soil contaminated with 800 µg kg-1 the 5% of biochar application led to the BaP content decreasing in the soil up to 56% and in the plants to 40-60%. Application of 5% biochar in the soil polluted with 1200 µg kg-1 led to the BaP and total PAHs content decreasing in soil up to 47% and 30%, respectively, plants the BaP content decreased up to 37-48%. Biochar 5% amendment effectiveness has been shown on the plants grown on the highly toxic variant contaminated with 1200 µg kg-1 BaP. The earing phase was inhibited in the spring barley plants growth at the most contaminated soil of the model experiment, whereas biochar application into the soil promoted the successful formation of the corn. The used biochar showed a high sorption capacity and its effectiveness under the soil remediation contaminated with BaP.

Carbon sorbent, vegetation experiment, remediation of soil, plant uptake, PAHs.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.942488

10.18393/ejss.942488

Effects of deforestation on soil properties and organic carbon stock of a hillslope position land in Black Sea Region of Turkey

Coşkun Gülser cgulser@omu.edu.tr

İmanverdi Ekberli

Füsun Gülser

278 - 284

2020-11-12

2021-05-20

2021-05-25

2021-09-30

The effects of deforestation on soil properties and soil organic C (SOC) stock in adjacent pasture and forest areas located on the same hillslope position were investigated. The soil properties measured in the forest site had higher coefficient of variation compared with pasture site. Deforestation made almost 50 years ago significantly increased bulk density (Db), soil pH, exch. Mg and significantly decreased total porosity (F), gravimetric moisture content (W), EC, exch. K, soil organic matter (OM), SOC stock in 0-15 cm soil depth in pasture site. Mean Db increased fom 1.24 g/cm3 in forest to 1.42 g/cm3 in pasture while mean values of OM and SOC stock depleted from 4.41% and 30.70 ton/ha in forest to 1.89% and 15.55 ton/ha in pasture, respectively. The reduction ratios in some soil properties by changing land use type from forest to pasture were determined in the following order; OM (57.14%) > exch. K (55.88%) > SOC (49.35%) > EC (45.65%) > W (28.96%) > exch. Na (18.75%) > F (11.32%) > exch. Ca (4.07%). The values of OM and SOC stock had significant positive relations with F, W, EC, exch. K, and significant negative relations with Db, pH, exch. Mg. After deforestation, abandoning cultivated land to pasture had negative impact on the soil properties and depleted SOC stock in 0-15 cm soil layer.

Land use, pasture, deforestation, soil organic C, soil properties.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.954899

10.18393/ejss.954899

Responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties to NPK fertilization on tuber yield in the Southeast of Kazakhstan

Yerbol Alimkhanov al.er.med@mail.ru

Rakhimzhan Yeleshev

Bibigul Yertayeva

Akbope Aitbayeva

285 - 289

2020-10-18

2021-06-10

2021-06-20

2021-09-30

In this study, field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different doses of NPK on tuber yield on the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties such as Inovator, Gala, Aladin and Tyanshansky in foothill zone of the southeast of Kazakhstan. Five different combinations of NPK with control were studied. Results revealed that the fertilizer application increased the total tuber yield, the longest plant, number of main stem, number of leaves plant and average tuber number on the potato significantly over control. The highest tuber yield was obtained when 25% more than the recommended fertilizer dose with manure was applied at all potato varieties. Aladin potato variety significantly yielded higher than the other varieties tested at the same time in this experiment.

Potato, fertilization, manure, tuber yield, potato varieties.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.954961

10.18393/ejss.954961

Physiological behavior of olive (Olea europaea L.) varieties under different foliage nutrition and irrigation regimes in the hyper-arid zone

Sherif El-Gioushy

Ibrahim Dobiea

Botir Khaitov b.khaitov@biosaline.org.ae

Aziz Karimov

Reda Zewail

290 - 301

2021-02-24

2021-06-16

2021-06-20

2021-09-30

Olive (Olea europaea) is an emblematic tree in the Mediterranean regions that grows an integral part of the area. The Mediterranean vegetation often undergoes challenging periods of severe drought stress, which causes significant impairment to olive trees' growth and production performance. The practical study was designed to follow up the effect of three irrigation regimes (50%, 75% and 100% ETc) in combination with four doses (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/L) of Lithovit (CaCO3+MgCO3, micronized calcium carbonate) on growth performance, yield, and fruit quality of two olive (Picual and Manzanello) varieties during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Regardless Lithovit doses, irrigation regime 100% of ETc exhibited the highest values of leaf water content, leaf relative water content, total chlorophyll and N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations of both olive varieties compared to the other watering regimes. Interestingly, proline content in the fruit was enhanced with increasing water deficit (50% of ETc) and Lithovit dose (6 g/L). However, the highest yield and fruit oil content were obtained by the combination of 75% ETc irrigation level and Lithovit treatment at a rate of 4 g/L in both olive varieties. This study contributes to developing olive production technologies, thereby ensuring sustainable olive culture farming with high-quality yield in hyper-arid zones.

Olive, Lithovit, drought, irrigation requirements, chemical aspects, water relations, fruit quality, fruit yield.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.959078

10.18393/ejss.959078

Comparison of different types of fertilizers on growth, yield and quality properties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in the Southeast of Kazakhstan

Aitbayeva Akbope aitbaeva_a_86@mail.ru

Berik Zorzhanov

Zharas Mamyrbekov

Damira Absatarova

Birzhan Rakhymzhanov

Meruert Koshmagambetova

302 - 307

2020-11-15

2021-06-23

2021-06-28

2021-09-30

Over the years, the use of organic materials in farming has reduced due to the increase in the use of chemical fertilizers which are rich in readily available plant nutrients. Intensive use of chemical fertilizers may have depressing effect on yield of watermelon. The field experiment were conducted at the Experimental Clinic of the Laboratory “Selection of vegetable and melon crops” and in the laboratory “Biosafety and Biocontrol of vegetable and melon crops” of Regional Branch “Kainar” of the LLP “Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Growing” which is located in the foothill zone of the southeast of Kazakhstan, to study the effects of different types of organic fertilizers (cow manure, poultry manure and biohumus) and recommended chemical fertilizer (NPK) on the characteristics of watermelon (growth parameters, yield and quality) of southeast of Kazakhstan. There were significant differences among the treatments in relation to fruit yield of watermelon, growth paremeters and quality properties (dry matter, total sugar, Vitamin C and NO3-N). Recommended fertilizer dose (N90P60K60) had the highest fruit yield of watermelon and growth paremeters followed by manure applied at 40 t ha-1. All the fertilizer treatments had higher yield of watermelon than control. From this study, the use of manure as an organic fertilizer in the cultivation of watermelon could be used as alternative to chemical fertilizer. It is recommended that manure at 40 t ha-1 be adopted for watermelon cultivation in in the Southeast of Kazakhstan.

Watermelon, fertilizer, fertilization, manure, yield.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.962538

10.18393/ejss.962538

The role of the ornithogenic factor in soil formation on the Antarctic oasis territory Bunger Hills (East Antarctica)

Timur Nizamutdinov timur_nizam@mail.ru

Mikhail Andreev

Evgeny Abakumov

308 - 319

2021-04-01

2021-06-29

2021-07-05

2021-09-30

The study focuses on the ornithogenic factor of soil formation in Antarctic conditions. Since the traditional soil formation processes in Antarctic conditions are very limited, the relevance of studying the role of the ornithogenic factor is increasing. This article provides a comparative study of nutrient content and values of some physico-chemical parameters between ornithogenic and non-ornithogenic soils sampled at terrestrial ecosystems of the Antarctic oasis Bunger Hills (Knox Coast, Wilkes Land). The levels of key biogenic elements content have been estimated with special reference to ornitogenic factor of soil formation. A high content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium in ornithogenic and non-ornithogenic soils was found. According to the results of statistical analysis, we can see that the content of nutritional elements has a close significant correlation relationship (p<0.05). The analysis of variance showed that the content of available phosphorus and potassium varies weakly between soils of ornithogenic and non-ornithogenic genesis. The greatest variability depending on soil-forming processes is noted for basal respiration, pH and available forms of nitrogen.

Antarctic soils, ornitogenic soils, nutrients.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.962542

10.18393/ejss.962542

Soil organic matter composition of forest Rendzinas in West Bulgaria

Biser Hristov bisseru@gmail.com

Ivaylo Kirilov

Pavel Pavlov

320 - 326

2021-02-24

2021-06-29

2021-07-05

2021-09-30

The paper deals with of the relations between the forest ecosystem, calcareous rocks and content and composition of soil organic matter in the Golo Bardo area in West Bulgaria. In that area Rendzinas are used mainly for forestry, viticulture and pastures. A specific study based on the accumulation of soil organic matter according to the data on the composition of the soil organic acids. The research on the soil organic matter composition provided information on the course of the humification processes in studied soils. Soil organic matter accumulation in Rendzinas depends on different factors, such as land use and climatic conditions. Soil has rapid transformations of organic residues and strongly decomposed plant tissue predominates. There are often signs of active work of the soil mesofauna. Studied soils have good reserves of organic carbon high degree of humification. The organic carbon content varies in a wide range from 0.8 to 7.2 %. The humic acids prevail over fulvic acids, and the degree of humification is higher in deeper horizons. According to the C/N ratio the humus type is Mull in almost all horizons. Studied soils are biologically active that have favorable impact over the soil structure and vegetation. Rendzinas have high potential of organic carbon sequestration.

Fulvic acids, humic acids, Rendzina, soil organic matter.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.962545

10.18393/ejss.962545

Yield and yield components of five tomato varieties (Solanum lycopersicum) as influenced by chemical NPK fertilizer applications under chestnut soil conditions

Aliya Maxotova aitbayev.t@mail.ru

Elmira Nurbayeva

Тemirzhan Aitbayev

Balseker Nurgaliyeva

327 - 331

2020-12-03

2021-06-30

2021-07-05

2021-09-30

The tomato is an important fruit, both fresh and processed, for human nutrition worldwide, and plays a significant role in agriculture. Especially in the intensive agricultural system where chemical fertilizers are used, little is known the impact of chemical NPK fertilizer applications on the yield of tomato under chestnut soil conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of four types of NPK fertilizer applications (N120P90K60, N150P120K90, N180P150K120, N210P180K150) on the yield and yield parameters of 5 different tomato varieties (Ogonyok 777, Barin, Hybrid Shuruk, Hybrid SC-2121 and Hybrid Falcon) under chestnut soil conditions in in the Southeast of Kazakhstan. According to field experiment results, there were significant differences among the treatments in relation to yield and yield parameters (plant height, number of stems, number of leaves, and number of fetus after planting) of tomato varieties. In foothill zone of the southeast of Kazakhstan, Hybrid Shuruk and Hybrid SC-2121 tomato varieties significantly yielded higher than the other three varieties tested at the same time under chestnut soil conditions. And also, it was determined that the best outputs tended to be obtained with N210P180K150 fertilizer dose.

Tomato, tomato varieties, NPK fertilizer, chestnut soil, fertilization.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.972062

10.18393/ejss.972062

Hygienization assessment during heap co-composting of Turkey manure and olive mill pomace

Rachid Aboutayeb rachid.engineer@gmail.com

Soufiane El-mrini

Abdeljalil Zouhri

Omar Idrissi

Khalid Azim

332 - 342

2021-02-10

2021-07-09

2021-07-15

2021-09-30

This study aimed to investigate the co-composting time effectiveness as well as the effect of the initial Carbon/Nitrogen ratio (C/N)i variation on the hygienization of olive pomace and turkey manure. Six different heaps, at 3 levels of (C/N)i ratios: 20, 22 and 28, were installed and monitored during 6 months and assessed at three steps: At the beginning, the end of thermophilic-phase and the end of curing-phase. The microbial monitoring concerned 5 microbial pathogens contents, used as hygiene microbial indicators, namely: Sulphite-Reducing Anaerobes (SRA), Escherichia Coli (E. Coli), Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (TAMF), Staphylococci, and Salmonella spp. Initially, the mixtures showed high TAMF and Staphylococci loads. Meanwhile, SRA and E. coli populations were relatively low and Salmonella spp. was not detected. The microbial assessment showed a significant effect of composting time on the reduction of pathogens load, except for SRA where its population has increased significantly, while the (C/N)i had a non-significant effect on pathogen content of the end-product. The final values expressed as colony-forming unit per gram (CFU g-1), were as follow: Sulfite-reducing Anaerobes (≤3.1 x 103 CFU g-1), E. Coli germ used as an indicator of faecal contamination (<4 x 101 CFU g-1), Total aerobic mesophilic flora (≤1.4 x 106 CFU g-1), Staphylococci (<10 CFU g-1) and non-detection of Salmonella spp. Finally, the seed germination tests were carried out on three different seeds: lentils (Lens culinaris), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) showed that the use of the compost extract is favourable for seed germination with germination index (GI%) values exceeding 85%. These results confirm the non-phytotoxicity and maturity of the composts.

Sanitation, pathogens, poultry manure, microbial hazard, germination index, olive by-products

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.972157

10.18393/ejss.972157

Evaluation of municipal sewage sludge for Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum production

Anju Tanwar anjutanwarbotany@gmail.com

Ajay Singh

Ashok Aggarwal

Esha Jangra

Sergio T. Pichardo

343 - 353

2021-04-01

2021-07-11

2021-07-16

2021-09-30

This experiment was carried out to assess the effect of soil amendment with different concentrations of municipal sewage sludge (SS) as a substrate on inoculum production of two selected arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) i.e., Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis. The experiment was a 4 × 5 factorial design with four hosts including, maize (Zea mays L.), lemon grass (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle), palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Wats.) and Sesbania (Sesbania aculeata Poir.) and the following five SS concentrations 1) no substrate, 2) 25 g, 3) 50 g, 4) 75 g and 5) 200 g pot–1) with five replications. After 90 days, the host roots and its rhizosphere soil were examined for fungal mycorrhization in terms of percent of root colonization and AMF spore quantification. Furthermore, we calculated the response of each host in terms of increase in plant height (cm), root length (cm), root, fresh shoots, and dry weight (g). Mycorrhization pattern showed moderate to abundant intraradical mycelium, extraradical mycelium, vesicles, and arbuscules in all the host plants. This pattern varied with a change in the input level of SS. The 75 g treatment obtained the maximum mycorrhization of both the AMF, while the highest input level was detrimental to AMF and host plants' survival. Among the tested hosts, lemon grass and maize had a tremendous increment in G. mosseae and A. laevis inoculum respectively. Consequently, 75 g SS with lemon grass is the most compatible host–substrate combination capable of maximum G. mosseae and A. laevis spore production and root colonization and so far, highlights the significance of an alternative, cost–effective and affordable carrier medium that can be adopted by farmers as sustainable cultural practices for on farm AMF inoculum production.

Acaulospora laevis, Agricultural waste, Glomus mosseae, Sludge utilization strategy, Lemon grass.