EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.552563

10.18393/ejss.552563

Changes in biological soil quality indicators under saline soil condition after amelioration with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivation in meadow Solonchak

Zhainagul Yertayeva jain_0404@mail.ru

Rıdvan Kızılkaya

Sagynbay Kaldybayev

Nurzikhan Seitkali

Nurgul Abdraimova

Aigul Zhamangarayeva

189-195

2018-06-16

2019-04-10

2019-04-11

2019-06-24

Land use and amelioration practices are considered as main drivers in change of biological soil quality indicators in meadow Solonchaks. To gain insight into the impact of amelioration with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivation on the underlying soil microbiological and biochemical properties, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivation on biological soil quality indicators such as microorganisms counts, microbial biomass, basal soil respiration and enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, catalase, -glucosidase, protease, urease, alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase) in meadow Solonchak. Post-amelioration with alfalfa cultivation influenced the soil microbiological and biochemical properties and increased soil organic matter content and improved biological soil quality indicators. The results of this study may contribute to future researches for soil microbial communities in different type of amelioration practices in soil quality and sustainable productivity meadow Solonchaks.

Amelioration, microorganisms, saline soil, soil quality.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.554942

10.18393/ejss.554942

Pedo-transfer functions with multiple linear regressions to predict solute-transport parameters

Md. Abdul Mojid ma_mojid@yahoo.com

A.B.M. Zahid Hossain

Guido C.L Wyseure

Md. Ali Ashraf

196-207

2018-10-11

2019-04-15

2019-04-17

2019-06-24

Transport parameters of soluble chemicals through soils are needed to assess the pollution risks of soil and groundwater resources. But, it is time consuming, laborious, expensive and, practically, impossible to experimentally measure such parameters for a wide range of solutes and soil types. So, indirect estimate of the parameters by pedo-transfer function is becoming popular. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) for solute-transport parameters by multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. For this, transport parameters of three heavy metal /metalloid compounds (NaAsO2, Pb(NO3)2, Cd(NO3)2), a pesticide (carbendazim) and an inert salt (CaCl2) through 14 agricultural soils of Bangladesh were determined. The transport experiments were done in repacked soil columns under unsaturated steady-state water flow conditions. Breakthrough data of the solutes were measured with time-domain reflectometry (TDR), and velocity (V), dispersion coefficient (D) and retardation factor (R) of the solutes were determined by analyzing the data by a transfer-function method. Bulk density (), organic carbon (OC) content, clay (C) content, pH, median grain diameter (D50) and uniformity coefficient (Cu) of the soils were determined. Regression models for V, D and R were developed with , OC, C, pH, D50 and Cu as the input variables. Bulk density and clay content were found the most sensitive input variables to the MLR models. The MLR models fairly predicted V, D and R, and thus provide a way of significantly enhancing prediction of reactive solute transport through agricultural soils.

Soluble chemicals, soil properties, solute movement, indirect estimate.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.556780

10.18393/ejss.556780

Field suppression of Fusarium wilt and microbial population Shifts in tomato rhizosphere following soil treatment with two selected endophytic bacteria

Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah raniaaydi@yahoo.fr

Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine

Ahlem Nefzi

Fakher Ayed

Mejda Daami-Remadi

208-220

2018-10-01

2019-04-16

2019-04-22

2019-06-24

Two endophytic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis SV41 (KR818071) and B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum SV65 (KR818073), were assessed under field conditions for their capacity to control tomato Fusarium wilt in tomato and their effects on soil microbial activity. Six months after planting, Fusarium wilt severity, estimated through the vascular browning extent in tomato stems, was significantly reduced by 82.3 and 88.2% compared to control following bacterial treatments. The frequency of F.oxysporum re-isolation from roots, collars and stems was also significantly lowered in treated plants compared to controls. These effects were associated with a significant improvement, by 10.6 to 16.3%over control, in plant height and root fresh weight and an increase in fruit production by 8.4-12.5%. As for microbial activity, F. oxysporum population in the rhizosphere of tomato plants treated with B. subtilis SV41 and B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum SV65 was reduced by 87.5-91.7%compared to the initial soil (sampled before planting) and by 88.4-92.3% relative to the rhizospheric soil of untreated plants (control soil). A significant enhancement in the total culturable bacterial community was also noted in the rhizosphere of tomato plants treated with both strains compared to initial and control soils where a significant enrichment in Pseudomonas and actinobacteria community was recorded.

Endophytic bacteria, Fusarium wilt, growth-promoting, microbial community, soil, tomato.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.560745

10.18393/ejss.560745

Mitigation of salinity in chickpea by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and salicylic acid

Aneela Riaz aneelariaz2009@gmail.com

Munazza Rafique

Muhammad Aftab

M. Amjad Qureshi

Hina Javed

Fakhar Mujeeb

Saleem Akhtar

221-228

2018-08-10

2019-04-18

2019-05-05

2019-06-24

For growth or development of pulses, biotic and abiotic environmental factors are more conspicuous under stress conditions. For the survival against abiotic stresses, salicylic acid (SA) is reported a universal remedy. At the Soil Bacteriology Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, a pot study was conducted to monitor the role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Salicylic acid in chickpea under salt stress. Eight treatments including control PGPR inoculation and Salicylic acid with their different combination were used. Results revealed that positive response of PGPR on productivity of chickpea but more enunciated response about grain yield was observed with the combined application of SA and PGPR compared to control. Growth parameters i.e root length, root mass, number of nodules and shoot mass were highly affected where SA was applied along with PGPR. From the study, it is proposed that under salt stress the combination of SA + PGPR can be a suitable practice for more production of chickpean Pakistan.

Pulses, SA salt stress, microbes pulses.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.566537

10.18393/ejss.566537

Wheat growth and nitrogen use efficiency under drip irrigation on semi-arid region

Mohamed Said Awaad moayamai@yahoo.com

Tarek H.M.A. Deshesh

229-236

2018-10-01

2019-05-05

2019-05-16

2019-06-24

Irrigation water is limiting factor for crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Modern irrigation system such as drip irrigation are widely used in Egypt and also used in other countries especially have limited irrigation water resources. Drip irrigation provides the efficient use of limited water resources with increasing water productivity (WP). Application of nitrogen to wheat is needed to ensure the N availability throughout the growing season due to its important role in promoting both vegetative and reproductive growth. A field experiment was carried out during growing season of 2017/2018 at a private farm located at a newly reclaimed sandy soil at El-Sadat district El-Menofiya governorate , Egypt to study the effect of two nitrogen fertilizer types (ordinary and slow release N fertilizers) as urea 46.5%N and urea formaldehyde (38%N) with four application rates i.e., 0, 40, 60 and 100 kg N fed-1 (1 feddan=4200 m2) combined with drip irrigation moisture depletion from filed capacity (FC) (I1=100% of FC) and (I2=50% of FC) on wheat crop. The results showed that application of water depletion at (I1) through drip irrigation along with 100 kg N fed-1, from two sources of nitrogen recorded the highest yield of straw and grain and the nitrogen content as well as nitrogen use efficiency compared with the other rate and levels of nitrogen and irrigation, respectively. Also, water productivity increased with irrigation I1 FC and nitrogen levels and reached the highest values at 100 kg N fed-1 as fertigated urea compared with urea formaldehyde as slow release fertilizer.

Wheat, drip irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, urea formaldehyde, Nitrogen use efficiency, water pr

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.566551

10.18393/ejss.566551

Soil fertility assessment and mapping spatial distribution of Agricultural Research Station, Bijayanagar, Jumla, Nepal

Dinesh Khadka dinesh.khadka92@gmail.com

Sushil Lamichhane

Rita Amgain

Sushila Joshi

Shree P. Vista

Kamal Sah

Netra H. Ghimire

237-248

2018-10-27

2019-05-13

2019-05-16

2019-06-24

Knowledge about the soil fertility status and mapping their spatial distribution play a crucial role for sustainable planning of particular area. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the soil fertility status of the Agricultural Research Station, Bijayanagar, Jumla, Nepal. The farm is situated at the latitude 29.273656°N and longitude 82.180967°E as well altitude 2370masl. The total 18 samples were collected randomly at a depth of 0-20 cm by using soil sampling auger. A GPS device was used for determination of geographical position of soil sampling points. The collected samples were analyzed following standard analytical methods in the laboratory of Soil Science Division, Khumaltar. The Arc-GIS 10.1 software was used for the soil fertility distribution mapping. The observed data revealed the structure was sub-angular blocky, whereas colour were dark grayish brown and very dark brown. The sand, silt and clay content were ranged 27-47%, 33.10-61.10% and 11.90-23.90%, respectively and categorized loam and silt loam in texture. The soil pH was moderately acidic to moderately alkaline (5.45-7.66) and very low in available boron (0.01-0.28 mg/kg) and sulphur (0.59-6.23 mg/kg). Moreover, very low to very high available iron (15.90-300.50 mg/kg), very low to high available manganese (1.46-12.88) and low to high organic matter (2.07-6.53%). Similarly, medium to high total nitrogen (0.14-0.23%), available potassium (40-255 mg/kg) and zinc (1.12-8.26 mg/kg). Correspondingly, high available calcium (1632-2880 mg/kg) and magnesium (98-456 mg/kg), and very high available phosphorus (64.2-257.2 mg/kg) and copper (2.58-12.16 mg/kg). The determined soil test data can be used for sustainable soil management as well as developing future research strategy in the farm.

ARS, Jumla, ordinary kriging, soil fertility maps, soil testing, sustainable soil management.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.567357

10.18393/ejss.567357

Determination of heavy metal risk and their enrichment factor in intensive cultivated soils of Tokat Province

Betül Bayraklı bbetul25@gmail.com

Orhan Dengiz

249-256

2018-12-09

2019-05-15

2019-05-18

2019-06-24

Heavy metal contamination has caused serious environmental and health-related problems around the world. This research was conducted in arable lands of some basins located on Tokat province. The aim of this present study was to determine I-) some physico-chemical properties of soils, ii-) to find heavy metal (HM) content and their enrichment factor (EF) and iii-) to detect relationship between some physico-chemical properties and HM concentration. To identify the concentrations and sources of heavy metals, 280 soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from the study area. Subsequently, in order to evaluate natural or anthropogenic sources of heavy metal content and their EF in agricultural fields, the concentrations of some HMs (Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) and some physico-chemical properties of soil samples were analyzed. The results showed that mostly the concentration of Ni followed by Cr exceeded their threshold levels. The local pollutions from Ni and Cr were attributed to the natural influences (particularly due to parent material). The concentrations of the other HMs are relatively lower than the critical values. The mean values of the HMs contents arranged in the following decreasing order: Ni>Cr>Cu>Zn>Co>Pb>Cd in the studied soil sample. In addition, it was found significantly positive relation between Pb and OM while the same relation was also found clay content and Cd and Pb. On the other hand, according to EF of HMs in total soil samples, Cd, Ni and Cr have found 16%, 10% and 6% soil samples as moderate enrichment class, whereas 55% and 1% of the total soil samples were determined significant enrichment class in terms of Cd and Ni elements. Besides, all other HM elements did not exceed minimal enrichment level. However, in some regions of the study area, the Cu, Cd and Pb contents were also slightly raised, this case possibly stems from anthropogenic effects such as excessive P fertilization, field traffic and pesticide using.

Heavy metal risk, enrichment factor, micro basin, Tokat.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.567359

10.18393/ejss.567359

Measurement and estimation of evapotranspiration in semi-arid grassland during the summer season in southwest Siberia

Lisa Haselow lisa.haselow@ufz.de

Holger Rupp

Andrej A. Bondarovich

Ralph Meissner

257-266

2019-01-08

2019-05-14

2019-05-18

2019-06-24

This study quantifies actual evapotranspiration (ETa) for a period from June to September 2016 measured by two weighable gravitation lysimeters in a semi-arid grassland in southwest Siberia. As part of a crop rotation system, the first lysimeter was fallow but covered with ruderal vegetation. The second lysimeter is permanently characterized by pristine steppe vegetation. In addition to ETa measurements, the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is computed by a Penman-Monteith model. The estimates are related to the ETa records and the model is evaluated with regard to its performance in a semi-arid environment. The results indicated an ETa driven by energy but limited by water. Within 115 days the total amounts of ETa ranged from 205 mm to 374.1 mm, and daily values varied from 0.1 to 6.9 mm day-1. The large differences are caused by the different vegetation cover of the lysimeters. Due to the high and dense canopy of the pristine steppe vegetation, the transpiration term was considerably higher compared to the ruderal vegetation where soil evaporation took the major part. The daily ETa records differed on average by -91.1% to the ET0 estimates. The statistical analyses yielded a low correlation between ETa of the ruderal vegetation and ET0 but an acceptable model performance for the pristine steppe. However, it was observed that ETa occasionally exceeds ET0, particularly after precipitation. Due to the high water availability and the subsequent rise of ETa, ET0 was underestimated, whereas it was overestimated during dry periods. Finally, the quality of the Penman-Monteith model varied substantially with the water supply at the study site.

Actual evapotranspiration, Penman-Monteith FAO-56, semi-arid, Siberia, weighable gravitation lysimet

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.573914

10.18393/ejss.573914

Physical and hydraulic properties of soils under a long-term tillage practices in Hadejia Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Abba Nabayi abba.nabayi@fud.edu.ng

Abubakar Halilu Girei

Mohammed Saleh Abubakar

267-274

2018-11-09

2019-05-24

2019-06-06

2019-06-24

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different tillage practices on some physical and hydraulic properties of soils in Hadejia Local Government Area of Jigawa state during the 2017 cropping season. The field experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design in factorial arrangements with 4 treatments for tillage practices-TP (Zero tillage-ZT, Minimum tillage-MT, Conventional tillage-CT and Deep tillage-DT) and sampling depth-SD (5 cm, 15 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm) all were in four replicates. Data collected were analyzed using the generalized linear model of Statistical Analyses System (SAS 9.4) for the ANOVA. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the main effect of TP and SD as well as in the interaction effect between TP and SD on soil bulk density (Bd), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), volumetric moisture content (VWC) at different soil water potentials and plant available water (PAW). Greater Bd and Ksat were observed in DT which differed significantly (p<0.05) from other TP while the lowest was found in ZT with 6.5% reduction than DT. The result further showed no significant difference in terms of PAW (p>0.05) between the TP at the average depth of 15 and 25 cm, but they (TP) differed significantly at the average depth of 5 and 35 cm with the highest in ZT. Higher soil moisture content retained at all soil water pressure was found in ZT which differed significantly (p<0.01) form other TP. The research concluded that the best TP to be adopted in Hadejia in terms of improvement in physical and hydraulic properties is ZT practice.

Conventional tillage, deep tillage, minimum tillage, sampling depth, tillage practices, zero tillage

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.575026

10.18393/ejss.575026

The effect of NPK foliar fertilization on yield and macronutrient content of grain in wheat under Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions

Coşkun Gülser cgulser@omu.edu.tr

Zhenis Zharlygasov

Rıdvan Kızılkaya

Niyazbek Kalimov

Izzet Akça

Zhaksylyk Zharlygasov

275-281

2018-10-10

2019-06-05

2019-06-10

2019-06-24

The objective of this research were to determine the effects of foliar fertilization (20% N: 20% P2O5: 20% K2O) at different growth stages on yield and nutrient contents of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to reveal proper application time and frequency in Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions. The field experiment was conducted according to randomized plot design with four replications with a seeding rate of 500 seed per m2 on the plots having a size of 5.0 m length and 4.0 m width. Foliar applications of the fertilizer at 1%rate were done at tillering (T), stem elongation (S), heading (H) stages of wheat and the combinations of these stages (T+S, T+H, S+H and T+S+H). Wheat yield values varied between the lowest 1.32 t/ha in the control and the highest 2.14 t/ha in the foliar fertilization done at tillering and steam elongation stages (T+S). According to control treatment, increases in grain yields by the foliar fertilization done at the different growth stages were determined as follows; T+S (61.7%) > T+H (47.4%) > T+S+H (41.8%) > S+H (41.6%) > T (38.5%) > S (19.1%) > H (16.6%). There was no significant difference among the macronutrient contents in grain obtained by the foliar fertilization at the different growth stages. N, P and K contents in the grain were close the values cited in the literatures. Ca and Mg contents deficiency in grain were determined due to the acidic soil pH condition of Kostanai-Kazakhstan. Nitrogen, P, K and Ca uptakes by grain, except Mg, generally increased with the all application of foliar fertilization. When the foliar fertilization was done at T+S stages, the highest macro nutrient uptakes by grain in wheat were generally obtained. This research indicated that the first foliar fertilization should be applied at the tillering stage and the best foliar fertilization management for high grain yield and nutrient uptake should be done two times at the combination of tillering and stem elongation stages.

Wheat, grain yield, foliar fertilization, nutrient uptake.