EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.166-171

10.18393/ejss.2016.3.166-171

Changes in diversity, biomass and abundance of soil macrofauna, Parrotio-Carpinetum forest at organic and semi-organic horizons

Masomeh Izadi m.izadi460@yahoo.com

Hashem Habashi

166 - 171

2015-09-28

2016-01-08

2016-01-11

2016-07-01

Present study evaluates diversity, abundance and biomass of soil macrofauna in organic and semi-organic horizons in Parrotia persica-Carpinus betulus forest in Shast kola area. Totally 70 sample points were randomly selected from organic and semi-organic horizons then sampling was done by a rectangle 100 cm2 area. Soil macrofauna were separated from soil samples by hand sorting and using Berlese funnel then dried at 60°C for 72h and weighted in 0.001 gr. With using taxonomic classification key, thirteen macrofauna orders were identified. Most of abundance of soil macrofauna in both soil horizons were allocated to Millipedes order. Changes in diversity, abundance and biomass of macrofauna in both soil horizons were calculated. The results showed Shannon diversity index, Simpson evenness and Margalef richness indices in semi-organic horizon were more than organic horizon. Abundance and biomass of macrofauna in semi-organic horizon were more than organic horizon.

Macrofauna, shannon diversity, simpson evenness, Margalef richness, biomass

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.172-181

10.18393/ejss.2016.3.172-181

Geochemical pattern of soils in Bobovdol valley, Bulgaria. Assessment of Cd and Co contents

Ivona Nikova ivon@mail.bg

Venera Tsolova

Bisser Hristov

Aleksandar Zdravkov

Kalin Ruskov

172 - 181

2015-08-06

2016-01-17

2016-01-19

2016-07-01

The chemical composition of soils spread in the Bobov dol valley was studied in order to reveal the natural and anthropogenic patterns of Cd and Co spatial distribution. A sampling procedure based on the irregular grid of points and validated analytical methods were used in the field and laboratory studies. It is found that Cd content varies from 0.21 to 0.90 mg kg-1 in studied soils and the average value of 0.55 mg kg-1 coincides with concentration demarcating soil pollution (0.5 mg kg-1). Co content ranges from 2.22 to 15.76 mg kg-1 and in 70 % of sampled points exceeds the natural background content of 7.8 mg kg-1 found in local rocks. Still, Cd enrichment of studied soils is more significant than Co’s with coefficient of Clarke concentration of 3.67. Hence, the secondary deposition of studied elements as a result of the Bobov dol Thermal power plant air emissions is verified by results obtained. The spatial distribution of Cd and Co is featured with an altitudinal gradient in deposition and a trend of quantitative depletion in the South of Plant. Soil organic matter and pH have no influence on the content and spatial distribution of studied elements. Elements iron affinity governs their geochemical linkage in soils although cobalt occurs allied with aluminum and titanium.

Soils, trace elements, Bobov dol, spatial distribution, background content

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.182-191

10.18393/ejss.2016.3.182-191

Screening for Pseudomonas and Bacillus antagonistic rhizobacteria strains for the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of chickpea

Hannane Abed

Noureddine Rouag rouag_rn@yahoo.fr

Dahou Mouatassem

Amar Rouabhi

182 - 191

2015-12-12

2016-01-20

2016-01-23

2016-07-01

The aim of this work is to study the ability of several isolates belonging to Rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) collected from several chickpea growing areas in Algeria, to control the mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Interesting isolates were characterized for their morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical activities as potential bio-control agent. Fungal inhibition tests were performed using plate assay and each isolate were tested for the production of protease, cyanide hydrogen, indole acetic acid, antifungal volatile and extracellular compound. According to API 50 CH, we are able to identify six Bacillus species (B. subtilis, B. circulans, B. lentus, B. aneurinilyticus, B. firmus, B. licheniformis; and with API 20NE test we have identified three Pseudomonas species (P. aeruginosa, P. luteola, P. fluorescens). The ability of bacterial isolates was varied in production of Protease, Gelatinase, Amylase, Cellulase, Acid Indole acetic, Lipase, Catalase and Cyanid Hydrogen. This is traduced in different rate of inhibition growth due to various extracellular compounds, where B61 (Bacillus aneurinilyticus) and P39 (Pseudomonas luteola) and P70 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) were the most efficient with 77 and 55.5% respectively, while B39 (Bacillus firmus) and P41 (Pseudomonas luteola) were the most efficient by volatile compounds with 70.5 and 77.5% respectively. Our results indicate that these bacteria isolates can be used in the biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris.

Antagonistic, Bacillus, Bio-control, Chickpea, Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudomonas

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3. 192-200

10.18393/ejss.2016.3. 192-200

Spatial variability of soil physical properties in a cultivated field

Coşkun Gülser cgulser@omu.edu.tr

Imanverdi Ekberli

Feride Candemir

Zeynep Demir

192 - 200

2015-10-10

2016-01-21

2016-01-24

2016-07-01

Spatial variability of soil physical properties in a cultivated field such as; bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PNT), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP), were determined by geostatistical method. While BD values varied between 1.12 and 1.41 g cm-3, PNT resistance (0.66 to 1.88 MPa), clay content (31.48 to 43.97%), Ks (1.46 to 3.37 mm h-1), FC (30.40 to 39.66%) and PWP (19.22 to 24.42%) values showed variations with soil cultivation. In kriging interpolation for the spatial variability of soil properties, the biggest r2 and cross validation r2 values were determined with spherical model for PNT, Ks, FC values, and exponential model for clay, BD and PWP. Spatial dependences of the properties, except BD, were found to be strong in the field. Ks values significantly increased with increasing BD (0.340*), and decreasing clay content (-0.905**) and PNT (-0.288*) values in the field. Spatial variations of soil physical properties in the field are generally controlled by the particle size distribution as a fundamental factor. Heterogeneity and variation of soil physical parameters in a field due to soil plowing should be taken into consideration for a successful agricultural management.

Tillage, spatial variability, soil physical properties, kriging

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.201-208

10.18393/ejss.2016.3.201-208

Prediction the soil erodibility and sediments load using soil attributes

Uones Mazllom

Hojat Emami hemami@um.ac.ir

Gholam Haghnia

201 - 208

2015-12-28

2016-02-28

2016-03-03

2016-07-01

Soil erodibility (K factor) is the most important tool for estimation the erosion. The aim of this study was to estimate the soil erodibility in Sanganeh area located in Naderi Kalat, Khorasan Razavi Province of northeastern Iran. The sediments load collected during the 17 rainfall events were measured at the end of 12 plots during 2009-2012. The K factor was calculated according to the USLE for each plot and rainfall event. The relationships between K factor and measured sediments load with soil attributes were studied. The results showed that calcium carbonate, SAR (sodium absorption ratio), silt, clay contents, and SI (structural stability index) were the most effective soil attributes for estimating the sediments load and OM (organic matter), sand, SI and calcium carbonate, silt, clay contents, and SI for K factor. The results of stepwise regression equations showed that the precision of regression equation derived from PCA for estimating the K factor and sediments load were more than ones derived from correlation test. According to the results of this research, it’s recommended that PCA be applied for determination the effective soil attributes for estimating the K factor in USLE and sediments load in studied area.

Soil erodibility, soil erosion, sediment

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220

10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220

Surface soil factors and soil characteristics in geo-physical milieu of Kebbi State Nigeria

Suleiman Usman labboallugu@yahoo.com

209 - 220

2015-12-15

2016-02-08

2016-03-03

2016-07-01

Soil erodibility (K factor) is the most important tool for estimation the erosion. The aim of this study Soil factors and surface soil characteristics are important components of agricultural environment. They support surface and subsurface soils to perform many functions to agriculture and economic human developments. Understanding these factors would aid to the recognition of the values that our soil and land offered to humanity. It is therefore, aim of this study to visualise and examine the soil factors and surface soil characteristics in Kebbi State Nigeria. An Integrated Surface Soil Approach (ISSA) was used in the classification and description of soil environment in the study region. The factors constituted in the ISSA are important components of soil science that theories and practice(s) noted to provide ideas on how soil environment functioned. The results indicate that the surface soil environments around Arewa, Argungu, Augie, Birnin Kebbi and Dandi are physically familiar with the following surface soil characteristics: bad-lands, blown-out-lands, cirque-lands, fertile-lands, gullied-lands, miscellaneous and rock-outcrops.The major soil factors observed hat played an important role in surface soil manipulations and soil formation are alluvial, colluvial, fluvial and lacustrine; ant, earthworms and termite; and various forms of surface relief supported by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and wind. Overall, the surface soil environment of the region was describe according to their physical appearance into fadama clay soils, fadama clay-loam soils, dryland sandy soils, dryland sandy-loam soils, dryland stony soils and organic-mineral soils.

Soil factors, soil characteristics, assessment

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.221-230

10.18393/ejss.2016.3.221-230

The assessment of groundwater geochemistry of some wells in Rafsanjan plain, Iran

Milad Aminiyan miladmir67@yahoo.com

Farzad Aminiyan

Amin Heydariyan

Mahmood Sadikhani

221 - 230

2016-01-03

2016-02-13

2016-03-03

2016-07-01

Water quality is the critical factor that influence on human health and quantity and quality of grain production in semi-humid and semi-arid area. Groundwater and irrigation water quality play important roles in main production this crop. For this purpose, 94 well water samples were taken from 25 wells and samples analyzed. The results showed that four main types of water were found: Na-Cl, K-Cl, Na-SO4, and K-SO4. It seems that most wells in terms of water quality (salinity and alkalinity) and based on Wilcox diagram have critical status. The analysis suggested that more than 87% of the well water samples have high values of EC that these values are higher than into critical limit EC value for irrigation water, which may be due to the sandy soils in this area. Most groundwater were relatively unsuitable for irrigation but it could be used by application of correct management such as removing and reducing the ion concentrations of Cl‾, SO42‾, Na+ and total hardness in groundwater and also the concentrated deep groundwater was required treatment to reduce the salinity and sodium hazard. Given that irrigation water quality in this area was relatively unsuitable for most agriculture production but pistachio tree was adapted to this area conditions. The integrated management of groundwater for irrigation is the way to solve water quality issues not only in Rafsanjan area, but also in other arid and semi-arid areas.

Irrigation, saline, water quality, groundwater, Rafsanjan

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.231-240

10.18393/ejss.2016.3.231-240

An application of Embedded Markov chain for soil sequences: Case study in North Western part of Algeria

Lotfi Kazi-Tani zarifet@yahoo.com

Abdelaziz Gaouar

231 - 240

2016-01-10

2016-02-15

2016-03-05

2016-07-01

Embedded Markov chain (EMC) has long history in geological domains, particularly to define the most representative sequences from statigraphic logs. In other words, what is viewed as a meaningless and disordered stratigraphic layer stack can be reorganized in a meaningful sequence by using EMC. This method was transposed in this paper to obtain soil sequences from data retrieved from soil map made by authors, covering a part of the region of Traras (N.W. of Algeria) and containing 13 major soil types. Each major soil type occupies at least one polygon in the map and allow to establish soil adjacencies, which have been tabulated in a matrix regardless to the direction. Three EMC methods have been tested, Walker, Harper and Türk using Strati-signal software and to erect soil relationship diagrams (SRD) representing the most significant links between soils. Significant test is the main difference between the above mentioned three EMC methods. It has been shown that Harper method is quite insensitive to small number of transitions. Besides, all three methods agreed for one soil sequence made by four soils: lithics leptosols- cambisols chormics- cambisols calcarics- fluvisols representing theoretical catena the most representative to the study area. This soil sequence is relevant to the study region and even to the whole Mediterranean region, and is commanded by the topography and the Mediterranean bioclimate. Walker SRD is the most realistic but the most difficult to interpret because of the high number of soil links, Harper SRD gives interesting results. Although the results didn’t bring something new to the soil interpretation and soil pedogensis but EMC applied to a finer scale may highlights other hidden relationships between soils.

Adjacency matrix, catena, markov chain, randomness test, soil map, soil relationship diagram

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.241-248

10.18393/ejss.2016.3.241-248

Identification of strain types of some Beet necrotic yellow vein virus isolates determined in Northern and Central Parts of Turkey

Nazli Kutluk-Yilmaz nazlik@omu.edu.tr

241 - 248

2015-11-17

2016-03-05

2016-03-12

2016-07-01

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the agent of rhizomania disease, causes severe economic losses in sugar beet fields in all over the world. The virus is transmitted by a plasmodiophorid vector, Polymyxa betae Keskin. Twenty soil samples, collected from sugar beet fields in northern and central parts of Turkey during surveys in 2004 and 2005 and known to be infested with viruliferous cultures of P. betae carrying BNYVV, were selected and used in this study. Sample selection was made according to symptom expression of beet seedlings in preliminary bait plant tests and locations of the soil samples that accurately represent the region from which they were taken. Total RNAs were extracted from sugar beet plants grown in these soils and used to amplify RNA-2 (nt. 19-1088) and RNA-3 (nt. 50-1268) of BNYVV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR-amplified products showed that most of BNYVV isolates studied were A-type strain, however, two isolates did not exactly match the band profile of A-type strain. Additionally, the presence of BNYVV RNA-5 component was investigated by RT-PCR using the primers specific for P26 coding region. Four samples belonging to three provinces were found to be involving RNA-5 segment (20%).

Sugar beet, rhizomania, RFLP, RT-PCR.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.249-254

10.18393/ejss.2016.3.249-254

Evaluation of heavy metal complex phytotoxicity

Vita Datsenko chemistry@khadi.kharkov.ua

Nataliya Khimenko

249 - 254

2015-12-26

2016-03-07

2016-03-25

2016-07-01

The experimental data dealing with the effect of heavy metals contained in the technogenic contaminated soils on plant objects under controlled conditions was discussed. The aim of this work is to define the quantitative indicators of copper and zinc potential phytotoxicity, namely germination energy, simultaneous germination and duration of the test plants. It was found that the activity of the test plant growth is linked with copper and zinc complex action. Joint effect of copper and zinc is manifested both in inhibition of lettuce growth and determined, above all, by the nature contamination, soil properties and biological specificity of the test plants.

Phytotoxicity, copper, zinc, biological test culture.