EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1432873

10.18393/ejss.1432873

Efficacy of solid and liquid Biolistics in improving the nutrients in latosol soil from Bali, Indonesia

Ni Luh Gede Sudaryati

I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana dwikmertha13@gmail.com

179-189

2022-06-17

2024-01-30

2024-02-06

2024-06-25

The increase in household organic waste during the COVID-19 pandemic was a source of pollution, especially in soil. The high pollution intensity in various sectors causes the soil to degrade and lose nutrients. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of solid and liquid biolistics for improving the nutritional status of latosol soil collected from Bali, Indonesia. The experimental design was a completely randomized design. Efficacy testing by providing solid and liquid biolistics to latosol soils in polybags at different concentrations was performed five times. Macro- and micronutrient testing was carried out three months after the application of the treatments. One-way ANOVA and the LSD test (p<0.05) were used to assess the results. The results revealed significant differences between the treatment groups in terms of N, P, K, the C/N ratio, water content, and pH, with a probability value of 0.000 (p<0.05). Thus, solid and liquid biolistics are efficacious at increasing the fertility of latosol soils. The contents of N, P, K, moisture content, pH, macronutrients (P2O5, K2O, C-Organic, N-Total, and C/N ratio) and micronutrients (Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn) contribute significantly to improving soil aggregates and structures; improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil; and improving the bioavailability of nutrients and soil quality. The presence of microorganisms is involved in accelerating the process of biodegradation and decomposition in soil. Thus, solid and liquid biolistics deserve to be developed as natural soil repairers.

Biofertilizer, Biolistics, soil repairer, local microorganisms, domestic waste.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1433418

10.18393/ejss.1433418

Characterization of humic acids from soil of Delhi regions and their impact on plant growth

Charu Singh

Abhishek Chauhan

Jayati Arora

Anuj Ranjan

Vishnu D. Rajput

Svetlana Sushkova

Tatiana Minkina

Sambasivan Venkat Eswaran

Tanu Jindal tjindal@amity.edu

190-201

2023-11-02

2024-01-31

2024-02-07

2024-06-25

Humus materials are considered complex organic substances generated through a chain of chemical reactions and responsible for many processes in soil that ultimately govern soil health. The structural and functional characteristics of humus depend upon the location, quality, and microbial abundance of the soils. However, the differential characteristics of soil organic matter, seasonal changes, parent rock, plant cover, microbial abundance, and anthropogenic activities majorly affect it. The present study has aimed toward the extraction of humus from five different locations in the Delhi region of India and their characteristics were investigated through elemental analysis, Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and UV spectroscopy. The results showed that there was a higher degree of unsaturation detected in the Forest soil sample. The results of FT-IR showed the presence of characteristic peaks of humus in the samples however the intensity of bands was weak in sample disposable site soil sample and clayey soil sample due to the variation in soil physicochemical properties. The study also aimed to assess the growth of Oryza sativa (rice) plants observed in the hydroponics system. The significant finding was observed with the forest soil sample in 1000 mgL-1 and treatment in which the growth was minimum in clayey soil of 1500 mgL-1. Our investigation infers the diverse nature of humus in different soils and its implications for plant growth, highlighting the importance of understanding soil organic matter for sustainable agriculture and soil health management.

Humus, humic acid, fulvic acid, organic matter, soil health.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1439846

10.18393/ejss.1439846

Assessing the impact of biofertilizer on soil microbial dynamics and metabolic activity in a controlled maize pot-grown experiment

Katya Dimitrova katia_dimitrova@au-plovdiv.bg

Tursynbek Kaiyrbekov

Dobrinka Balabanova

202-209

2023-12-15

2024-02-11

2024-02-19

2024-06-25

Biofertilizers, consisting of carefully selected microorganisms across various species and genera, exhibit distinct features that enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth. Embracing the principles of eco-friendly agriculture, the use of biofertilizers emerges as a pivotal strategy for sustainable farming, contributing to environmental preservation and the overall health and biodiversity of the soil. In this study, a commercially available biofertilizer, containing a specialized strain of Priestia megatherium with nitrogen-fixing capabilities, was employed alongside chemical fertilizers at two different doses (30 and 40 mg per kg of soil). The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of biofertilizer on the metabolic activity and structure of microbial communities in a short-term experiment involving potted maize plants, utilizing the BIOLOG® EcoPlates technique. Parameters such as average well-color development (AWCD) and substrate utilization across six guilds (SAWCD) were assessed to gauge microbial metabolic activity. Additionally, functional indexes, including Shannon diversity, Shannon evenness, and Simpson diversity, were calculated as indicators of soil microbial community functionality. While statistically significant differences in AWCD among the studied variants were not observed, all estimated functional indexes consistently revealed heightened microbial diversity and evenness following the application of biofertilizer. This noteworthy finding, achieved within a relatively short period of plant cultivation, underscores the necessity for further research to explore the biofertilizer's enduring effects on soil communities, both in controlled laboratory environments and under real-world field conditions.

Biofertilizer, BIOLOG® EcoPlate, functional indexes, metabolic activity, microbial communities, Priestia megaterium.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1455407

10.18393/ejss.1455407

Nomograph development for water erosion quantification in Wadi Cheliff’s catchment, Northern Algeria

Ilhem Bouaichi ilhem.bouaichi@ensh.dz

Bénina Touaibia

210-223

2023-09-18

2024-03-15

2024-03-19

2024-06-25

Water erosion study is regarded as one of the most important axes in scientific researches. The erosive effect of water on the surface layers can have major consequences on soil loss and land degradation. The objective of our work was the development of a water erosion nomograph that represents a practical and precise tool that is adapted to local conditions for a direct quantification of erosive action in the absence of basic data. Regarding the magnitude of the phenomenon in Algeria, the catchment of Wadi Cheliff was taken as an experimental site where a significant spatio-temporal variability of liquid and solid flows was observed and the measurement network in different locations was either dispersed or non-existent. The developed methodological approach permitted the identification of 149 experimental sites (20 hydrometric stations, 15 large dams and 114 hill dams) where existing data allowed the erosion quantification. A flow coefficient variography was performed in addition to a principal component analysis (PCA), leading to the identification of three distinct groups. Moreover, the modeling of the studied variable was achieved through the application of multivariate analysis to the third group of 100 observations. Applying the principles of nomography on the final model, a nomograph of the semi-arid area of Wadi Cheliff catchment was realized for surfaces ranging from 500 to 25 000 ha. This nomograph enabled the direct quantification of water erosion from the product (Es1 Es2), taking into account the area of the catchment, its average slope and its flow coefficient with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2%.

Multivariate analysis, nomograph, PCA, variography, Wadi Cheliff, water erosion.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1472489

10.18393/ejss.1472489

Investigating the possibility of using subcritical water for extracting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils of the dry-steppe zone

Svetlana Sushkova terra_rossa@mail.ru

Tamara Dudnikova

Tatiana Minkina

Andrey Barbashev

Elena Antonenko

Evgenyi Shuvaev

Anastasia Nemtseva

224-233

2023-09-02

2024-04-15

2024-04-23

2024-06-25

In the course of the model experiment, extraction conditions of 16 priority PAHs in subcritical water medium were selected for soils of the chestnut-solonetz complex. For low molecular weight 2-ringed naphthalene and 3-ringed acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, phenanthrene and fluorene, the optimal extraction conditions correspond to 10 minutes at a temperature of 200°C. For high molecular weight 4- and 5-ring benz(a)anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benz(b)fluoranthene, benz(k)fluoranthene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, as well as the pollutant of the first hazard class - benz(a)pyrene, the optimal extraction time reached 20 minutes at a temperature of 250°C. For 6-ring benz(g,h,i)perylene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, the optimum extraction time increased to 30 minutes and the temperature to 300°C. When comparing the methods of extraction of pollutants from soils, it is shown that the extraction methods can be placed in the following descending order by the value of the extraction coefficient of priority PAHs from the studied types of soils: ultrasonic extraction (1.05) > subcritical extraction (1.13) > saponification method (1.25). Using multivariate analysis of dispersion it is shown that the efficiency of subcritical aqueous extraction decreases with increasing number of benzene rings in the PAH molecule, as well as with increasing soil salinity in the following order: Gleyic Kastanozems < Endosalic Kastanozems < Kastanozems Sodic < Solonets.

Priority PAHs, subcritical technologies, organic pollutants, Kastanozems, Solonets, PAH extraction method.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1476125

10.18393/ejss.1476125

Tea plantation shade tree leaf influences the susceptibility of rhizosphere microbial consortium: A comprehensive study on their leaf extract cross tolerance

Arindam Ghosh

Arnab Nag

Sukanya Acharyya

Sumedha Saha

Soumya Majumder

Sourav Chakraborty

Malay Bhattacharya malaytsnbu@gmail.com

234-246

2023-11-02

2024-04-26

2024-04-30

2024-06-25

Leguminous shade trees are ubiquitous parts of tea plantations of the Terai region. However, their shed leaves might have an effect on the soil microflora under those shade trees, so it is important to find out how leaf litter affect the soil microflora. Isolation of soil microbial consortia followed by downstream experiments were conducted to observe the tolerance/susceptible pattern of those soil microflora against the fallen leaves. Sample from under Albizia odoratissima has higher organic carbon, organic matter and nitrogen content but the same property was found to be low in the sample collected under Melia azedarach. Isolation of consortia was done on nutrient agar. In vitro tolerance assay was conducted to find out the tolerance pattern against leaf extracts, heavy metal salts, pesticides, antibiotics and antifungals. Heavy metals salts like Arsenic trioxide (AS2O3) and Cupric chloride (CuCl2); and pesticides like Thiamethoxam; Spiromesifen; Phorate etc. showed no inhibition against all the isolated consortia. Co-Trimoxazole and Augmentin have not showed any inhibition except consortia under Derris robusta, whereas no antifungals but Itraconazole had an impact over all the consortia. Shade trees, being a crucial member of the tea plantations, cannot be removed but replacement of these with other species could be a probable option, besides this limited use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers should be taken into consideration strictly to restrain the microbial population in tea garden soil. So, this study has disclosed the acceptability of each and every shade tree used in this region.

Shade tree, tea plantation, rhizosphere, soil microbes, tolerance.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1479830

10.18393/ejss.1479830

Effect of fertilizer treatments on sugar beet cultivars: A comprehensive study on crop yield and nutrient contents of soil and plant in chestnut soil of Kazakhstan

Saira Kaliyeva sayra.kalieva@mail.ru

Beibut Suleimenov

Gulnissam Rvaidarova

Kerimkul Konysbekov

Sholpan S. Muminova

Baktigul Raimbekova

247-253

2023-10-02

2024-05-01

2024-05-07

2024-06-25

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the growth, yield, and nutrient content of two sugar beet cultivars, Aksu (Kazakhstan) and Yampol (Poland), cultivated in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. The experiment was conducted using a complete randomized block design with three replicates, comprising six treatments: control (without fertilizer), N120P120K90, and N130P130K130 for both cultivars. The soil's physical and chemical properties were analyzed, revealing a foothill light chestnut soil with favorable nutrient levels. Results indicated that the N130P130K130 treatment significantly increased soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents, leading to enhanced sugar beet growth, nutrient uptake, and yield. Both cultivars responded positively to the increased nutrient levels, with the N130P130K130 treatment showing the highest yield of 785.6 tons/ha for Aksu and 802.5 tons/ha for Yampol. Furthermore, nutrient content in tubers and leaves was significantly higher in the N130P130K130 treatment compared to other treatments. These findings underscore the importance of balanced nutrient management tailored to specific cultivars for optimizing sugar beet productivity and soil fertility in diverse agro-climatic conditions. Adopting balanced mineral nutrient management approaches could offer promising solutions to enhance sugar beet productivity and sustainability. Future research should focus on exploring long-term effects and integrated nutrient management strategies for sustainable sugar beet cultivation.

Sugar beet, fertilizer treatments, mineral fertilizers, crop yield, nutrient contents.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1484756

10.18393/ejss.1484756

Efficacy of nano-zinc oxide and iron oxide formulations on shelf life of strawberry

Lakhwinder Singh lakhwindersingh60478@gmail.com

Ramesh Kumar Sadawarti

Shailesh Kumar Singh

Vishnu D. Rajput

Tatiana Minkina

Svetlana Sushkova

254-262

2024-02-20

2024-05-13

2024-05-15

2024-06-25

The research investigates the transformative impact of nano-zinc oxide and iron oxide formulations on prolonging the shelf life of strawberries. A total of 16 distinct treatments were applied through foliar application, and a nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron oxide (FeO) formulations were administered. Each square meter received 42 ml of the solution in triplicate, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of the formulations' impact on shelf-life enhancement. Notably, the combined application of ZnO and FeO NPs at 150 mg/l, specifically T15 (Z3F3), exhibited superior effectiveness in preserving the crop. T11 (Z2F2), featuring 100 mg/l ZnO and 100 mg/l FeO, closely trailed T15, showcasing significant improvements in parameters such as ascorbic acid content (49.66 mg/100g), and anthocyanin content (39.82 mg/l), etc. at nine days after harvesting. Besides this, TSS (7.25 obrix) in T14 and acidity (0.65%) in T5 and T9 at nine days intervals. These findings advancing the strawberry preservation methods in the agriculture and food industries and establishes the superiority of simultaneous applications of nano-formulations in T15 (150 mg/l ZnO + 150 mg/l FeO) and T11 (100 mg/l ZnO + 100 mg/l FeO). These formulations emerge as optimal solutions for extending the shelf life of strawberry fruits, particularly the Cv. Winter Dawn under Punjab Region, India, and could implement in similar climatic condition around world.

Strawberry, winter dawn, nano-fertilizers, ZnO, FeO, shelf life, anthocyanin content.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1491206

10.18393/ejss.1491206

Effective strategies for reclaiming soda-saline soils: Field experimentation and practical applications in Southeast Kazakhstan

Askhat Naushabayev

Nurzikhan Seitkali nurzikhan.seitkali@kaznaru.edu.kz

Karlyga Karayeva

Shynar Mazkirat

Meirambay Toilybayev

Tursunay Vassilina

263-272

2023-12-07

2024-05-23

2024-06-03

2024-06-25

Soda-saline soils pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity, particularly in regions like the foothill plain of the Ili Alatau in southeast Kazakhstan. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of different ameliorants, including phosphogypsum, elemental sulfur, and sulfuric acid, in reclaiming soda-saline soils and enhancing crop yields. The study was conducted under real climatic and production conditions at the "Amiran" LLP farm. Using a randomized complete block design, we assessed the impact of these ameliorants on soil composition and alfalfa yield over two cutting cycles. The experiment involved the application of phosphogypsum, elemental sulfur, and sulfuric acid to designated plots within the farm, each covering an area of 15m2. Soil samples were collected before and after treatment to assess changes in soil composition and salinity. Alfalfa, a resilient perennial crop, was selected for cultivation due to its tolerance to adverse soil conditions. Our findings reveal that all tested ameliorants successfully neutralized the toxic environment of soda-saline soils, resulting in improved soil conditions and increased crop productivity. Phosphogypsum treatment led to a reduction in bicarbonate and carbonate ions, an increase in sulfate ion concentration, and improved soil structure. Elemental sulfur incubation decreased bicarbonate and carbonate ions, further reducing absorbed sodium levels and enhancing soil fertility. Sulfuric acid treatment provided rapid results in reducing alkalinity and increasing sulfate ion concentration, leading to significant improvements in soil quality and crop yield. However, the reclamation of soda-saline solonetzes presented challenges related to soil heterogeneity and poor water permeability. To address these challenges, we recommend the implementation of mechanical destruction of the solonetz soil horizon and deep soil loosening, accompanied by the addition of ameliorants. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of phosphogypsum, elemental sulfur, and sulfuric acid as effective ameliorants for reclaiming soda-saline soils and improving agricultural productivity in challenging environments. By adopting recommended reclamation strategies, farmers can overcome soil limitations and achieve sustainable crop production in regions affected by soda-saline soil degradation.

Soil reclamation, soda-saline soils, elemental sülfür, phosphogypsum, sulfuric acid, agricultural productivity.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1494595

10.18393/ejss.1494595

Aggregate stability and carbon and N dymamics in macroaggregate size fractions with different soil texture

Mahtali Sbih mahtali.sbih@univ-batna.dz

Zohra Bounouara

Zoubeir Bensid

Djenette Chergui

Abbes Zerari

Souhila Meziane

Antoine Karam

273-283

2023-12-27

2024-05-27

2024-06-03

2024-06-25

Soil nutrient cycling, the distribution of soil aggregates, and their stability are directly influenced by soil texture. Different sizes of soil aggregates provide microhabitats for microorganisms and therefore influence soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization. The purpose of the present study was to assess the aggregate stability and dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in macroaggregate size fractions (1-8 mm) with different clay content from meadow soils. Surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from 4- to 5-year-old forage crops. Four macroaggregate size classes were isolated by dry sieving and analyzed for their mass proportions: fine macroaggregates (FM) (less than 1 mm), medium-fine macroaggregates (MFM) (1-2 mm), medium-coarse macroaggregates (MCM) (2-4 mm), and large-coarse macroaggregates (LCM) (4-8 mm). The dry mean weight diameter (MWD), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass (C-MB, N-MB) were determined. CO2 emission and net nitrogen mineralized (NM) were measured after 14 weeks of incubation. The amounts of FM were significantly lower than those of intermediate macroaggregates (MCM and MFM) and decreased markedly with increasing clay content within soil macroaggregates. In general, the amounts of macroaggregate size fractions were lowest in soils with high clay content. MWD exhibited a significant correlation with particle size distribution, OC, and MB-C. OC, TN, MB-C, and MB-N contents within macroaggregates increased with decreasing macroaggregate size and increasing clay content of macroaggregate fractions. The CO2 emission and NM content increased with increasing macroaggregate size, indicating higher organic C and N mineralization activity in larger macroaggregates. Mineralization of OC was lowest in macroaggregate fractions with the highest clay content. We conclude that clay content can increase the protection of microbial biomass in meadow soils. Small macroaggregates tend to contain more recalcitrant organic matter compared to larger macroaggregates.

Soil aggregates, aggregate stability, soil texture, soil organic matter.