EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1057928

10.18393/ejss.1057928

Biogeoaccumulation of zinc in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an Inceptisol amended with soil zinc application and its bioavailability to human being

Kiran Kumar Mohapatra

Satish Kumar Singh sksingh_1965@rediffmail.com

Abhik Patra

Surendra Singh Jatav

Vishnu D. Rajput

Victoria Popova

Olesya Puzikova

Olga Nazarenko

Svetlana Sushkova

184-197

2021-10-28

2022-01-06

2022-01-14

2022-06-24

Soil Zn amended is an efficient agronomical Zn biofortification approach in rice. However, it is still need to know if higher rate of Zn over recommended dose can influence other essential nutrient uptake, high accumulation of Zn in soils and health risk for human consumption. This study was conducted by taking ten treatments (T1: control, T2: RDF, T3: RDF + 1.25 mg kg-1, T4: RDF + 2.5 mg kg-1, T5: RDF + 3.75 mg kg-1, T6: RDF + 5 mg kg-1, T7: RDF + 6.25 mg kg-1, T8: RDF + 7.5 mg kg-1, T9: RDF + 8.75 mg kg-1, T10: RDF + 10 mg kg-1) on hybrid rice in Zn (1.20 mg kg-1) enriched soil. The findings have shown that 6.25 mg kg-1 Zn application significantly increased crop growth and grain concentrations of N, K, Zn, Cu and Fe by 71.4, 125, 78.9, 28.5 and 2.4%, respectively. Nutrient harvest index was significantly affected by ranged between 29.1–36.4%. Application of Zn at 6.25 mg kg-1 (T7) recorded the highest Zn concentration in grain (28.2 mg kg-1) and bioavailability of the fortified Zn (2.05 mg Zn day-1). The lowest phytatic acid concentration in grain was recorded in T8 (RDF + Zn at 7.5 mg kg-1) and after that a significant increase was observed. Transfer coefficient was inversely behaving with Zn application and ranged between 6.03–18.0 grain. The average daily intake of Zn was ranged between 0.075–0.118 mg-1 kg-1 day. Across different treatments the Zn build-up factor, geo-accumulation index and soil enrichment factor was ranged between 0.98–4.90, -0.61–1.70 and 0.24–1.82, respectively in post-harvest soil. In conclusion, agronomic biofortification of Zn through soil applications at 6.25 mg Zn kg-1 was a sustainable way to improving growth and grain Zn, N, K, Cu and Fe uptake of hybrid rice to meet human recruitment.

Nutrient harvest index, rice, zinc, zinc balance sheet, Zn build-up factor

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1057950

10.18393/ejss.1057950

Effect of Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum applied together with rock phosphate on wheat yield and some soil properties in a calcareous soil

Betül Bayraklı bbetul25@gmail.com

198-205

2021-06-19

2022-01-11

2022-01-14

2022-06-24

This study aims to determine the effect of Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum applied together with rock phosphate on the yield of wheat grown in calcareous soil, some biological properties of soils and phosphorus fractions in the soil under greenhouse conditions. Considering the P fixation capacity of the soil used in the experiments and the amount of P present in the soil, the trial subjects were created based on randomized block designs with 3 replications, depending on whether 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the P required to be given to the wheat plant was met from rock phosphate and whether it was bacterial or not, and finally wheat was grown. In the harvested plants, grain and stem weights were determined, grain and stem P contents were analysed and the amounts removed with grain and stem were calculated. Dehydrogenase (DHA) and phosphatase (PA) enzyme activities were performed in the soil samples taken after harvest. Soluble and loosely bound-P, Calcium-bound-P (Ca-P), Reductant soluble-P (RS-P) fractions and Olsen-P were determined in soil samples taken before planting and after harvest. The percent reduction in the fractions was calculated by using the pre-sowing and post-harvest values of these samples. According to the results, Bacillus megaterium DSM 3228 strain inoculated with rock phosphate increased grain and stem yield, grain and stem P content, and P amount removed by grain and stem of wheat. These parameters were found to be higher at high doses of P applied as rock phosphate. Inoculation increased the DHA and PA values of the soils. A decrease in P fraction forms with low solubility was determined by inoculation, some of this phosphorus was removed by plants and some of it was retained in the soil in different forms.

Bacillus mageterium var. phosphaticum, enzyme activity, inoculation, inorganic P fraction, wheat.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1060314

10.18393/ejss.1060314

Impact of NPK fertilization on hazelnut yield and soil chemical-microbiological properties of Hazelnut Orchards in Western Georgia

Rıdvan Kızılkaya

Guguli Dumbadze

Coşkun Gülser cgulser@omu.edu.tr

Lali Jgenti

206-215

2021-10-05

2022-01-13

2022-01-19

2022-06-24

In this study, the effects of ground and foliar applications of the NPK fertilizers in hazelnut orchards on the soil chemical and microbiological properties and hazelnut yield were investigated. The fertilization practicesses from ground were done two times using NPK (20:10:10 +trace elements) on March and May while the fertilization practices from leaf were done three times using NK (15:12 +trace elements) on May, June and July at six different hazelnut orchards located on Samegrelo, Guria and Adjara regions in Western Georgia in 2018. The alkaline characterized fertilizer applications from soil generally increased soil reaction (pH), nutrient contents and EC values in different magnitude depends on the soil characteristics of locations. The lowest soil pH (4,40) and EC (0,107 dS m-1) values showed the highest increment (10,7% and 77,6%, respectively) over the control. The basal soil respiration and Cmic values of all hazelnut orchards were generally increased by the NPK ferilization. Increasing soil pH and EC by the fertilization also increased CA and DHA activity. The mean values of percent increase in yield and yield parameters by the NPK fertilization were obtained as 8,3% in yield, 13,3% in shelled nut weight, 10,0% in kernel weight and 5,1% in percent kernel efficiency. The hazelnut yield value had significant positive correlation with soil pH (0,669*), EC (0,652*) and Cmic (0,620*) values. The foliar fertilization and improving the soil properties of hazelnut orchards by the application of alkaline characteristic NPK fertilizer from soil increased hazelnut yield and yield parameters compare with the farmer applications or control treatments. The increments in soil microbiological properties and nutrients are considered as a desirable result in terms of sustainable soil management and plant nutrition for hazelnut orchards.

Hazelnut, soil, fertilization, microbiological properties

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1063980

10.18393/ejss.1063980

Relative potential of Rhizobium sp for improving the rice-wheat crop in the semi-arid regions

M. Amjad Qureshi qureshifsd@gmail.com

M. Zaffar Iqbal

Sajid ur Rahman

Javed Anwar

M. Hammad Tanveer

Armghan Shehzad

M. Asif Ali

Muhammad Aftab

Usama Saleem

Shabana Ehsan

216-224

2021-11-09

2022-01-10

2022-01-27

2022-06-24

Soil Microbiologists have been concentrating on manipulation of rhizosphere microbes in cereals, but many researchers have reported that rhizobia can act as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Rhizobium species impacted the crop ontogeny by root / endophytic colonization, producing phytohormones, efficient nutrient use and nutrient solubilization / mineralization. Field studies were performed at Soil Bacteriology Section and Soil Chemistry Section, Faisalabad to assess the comparative potential of Rhizobium species for promoting the growth, yield of wheat and rice. Auxin biosynthesis potential of isolates of Rhizobium species (mung (Vigna radiata), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea)) was determined and isolates of each species having higher values were used for field experiments. Assay for root / shoot elongation, root colonization in plates were carried out under controlled conditions. The rhizosphere soil of wheat and rice were assayed for the Indole Acedic Acid (IAA) content 15 and 30 days after germination / transplanting, respectively. Results revealed that significant increase was observed in the yield parameters of wheat and rice. Highest wheat grains were produced i.e., 4917 kg ha-1 with Rhizobium sp of mungbean (Mb3) followed by 4823 with Rhizobium sp of berseem (Br3) than control i.e., 4500 kg ha-1. Similarly, the maximum paddy yield i.e., 4667 kg ha-1 with Rhizobium sp of mungbean (Mb3) followed by 4625 Rhizobium sp of berseem (Br3) inoculation was obtained as compared to control i.e., 4208 kg ha-1. Other physical parameters of wheat and rice also showed positive response to inoculation and have elevated levels of IAA in the rhizosphere of inoculated treatments. Results clearly demonstrated that Rhizobium species increased the yield of rice and wheat.

Rhizobium species, IAA equivalents, PGPR, Interaction, wheat, rice.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1064317

10.18393/ejss.1064317

Contrasting rice management systems – Site-specific effects on soil parameters

Rizki Maftukhah

Ngadisih Ngadisih

Murtiningrum Murtiningrum

Axel Mentler

Katharina Maria Keiblinger katharina.keiblinger@boku.ac.at

Andreas Helmut Melcher

Franz Zehetner

Rosana Maria Kral

225-234

2021-10-08

2022-01-19

2022-01-28

2022-06-24

Conventional rice production systems (CRPS) with continuous flooding demand much water. While population growth increases the demand for rice and, consequently, water consumption, agricultural production needs to reduce its water demand. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is promoted as an alternative cropland management strategy to sustainably maintain rice yields while optimizing water use. Here, we aimed at investigating whether different management translates into differences in soil parameters. To this end, the two contrasting rice production systems were compared on the same soil types, at four different study sites of D.I. Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Crop yields were estimated, and soils were analysed for soil total soil organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), macro-aggregate stability, and a fungal biomarker (ergosterol) indicative of oxidative soil conditions. Rice yields in the study area were between 6.7 and 9 t ha-1. For TOC, the combined effect of management and site was significant; in particular, in Kulonprogo and Bantul, SRI significantly exceeded CRPS’ TOC values. However, a significant management effect was observed for ergosterol and DOC concentrations. Significantly higher ergosterol concentrations in SRI vs CRPS were found in Sleman and Bantul. DOC was significantly higher under SRI compared to CRPS only in Sleman. DOC and ergosterol were most responsive to management and were improved in SRI systems. The observed site-specific effects suggest the importance to consider the prevailing site conditions for adapting management strategies.

System of rice intensification (SRI), water use efficiency, soil parameters, on-site farm studies, Indonesia.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1070182

10.18393/ejss.1070182

Effects of long-term tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivation on the earthworm populations in northern Iran

Ehsan Kahneh e.kahneh@areeo.ac.ir

Ahmad Shirinfekr

Samar Ramzi

Korosh Majd Salimi

234-240

2021-05-01

2022-01-22

2022-02-08

2022-06-24

The earthworms’ abundance is usually one of the main indicators of healthy and productive soils. However, agricultural management practices affect the earthworm population and activities. Although there is a lot of information that shows the relation between land use/land cover change and earthworms activity, very little is known about these effects under tea cultivation. Thus the current study was done to determine the effects of long-term tea cultivation on the earthworm’s population and abundance in the tea plantations of Iran to distinguish effects of these practices on soil properties concerning earthworms. Hence, 58 locations of tea cultivations were randomly selected in Guilan and Mazandaran province. Earthworm were sampled by manually excavating and sorting four 30×30 cm pits by 30 cm deep in each location. Earthworms were enumerated in the field and taken to the lab for identification. Once identified, the earthworms will dry in the oven at 60oC for 48h and the dry weight registers. Some physicochemical properties of the mineral soils were determined in the laboratory. The finding indicated that the earthworms were only observed in the two from 58 locations: Bazkiagorab (Lahijan) and Shekarposhteh (Tonekabon). Three species as Perelia kaznakovi, Aporrectodea trapezoides, and Dendrobaena veneta were recorded from Bazkiagorab but only P. kaznakovi was identified in Shekarposhteh. The total population of all identified earthworms was 22 and 3 m-2 in the Bazkiagorab and Shekarposhteh, respectively. Results of the physicochemical analysis showed that 35% and 51% of the soils had a pH less than4.5 and organic carbon less than2%, respectively. Available phosphorus and potassium in 80% and 65% of the soils were less than 25 and 150 mg/kg, respectively. It can be concluded that monoculture and long-term tea cultivations had a negative effect on the earthworm population, in addition, it has strongly acidified the soil. It is recommended that native nitrogen-fixing trees mixed planted with tea, and more attention should be paid to nutrient Best Management Practices in tea plantations.

Iran, acid soil, Perelia kaznakovi, Aporrectodea trapezoides, Dendrobaena veneta.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1078342

10.18393/ejss.1078342

Effects of different polymer hydrogels on moisture capacity of sandy soil

Askhat K. Naushabayev

Tursunay K. Vassilina v_tursunai@mail.ru

Bekzat A. Rsymbetov

Nurzikhan Seitkali

Alimbay M. Balgabayev

Zhenisgul B. Bakenova

241-247

2021-08-01

2022-02-18

2022-02-24

2022-06-24

In arid and semi-arid regions, efficient utilization of available water necessitates the adaptation of appropriate water management practices. One such approach is through soil conditioners like polymer hydrogels. The application of polymer hydrogels aids efficient management of water in agricultural production by increasing water holding capacity and improving water conservation of sandy soils. This has led to practical applications of these materials particularly in arid regions and countries, where water is the limiting factor for plant production. Therefore, the ultimate objective of this study was to address the impacts of different polymer hydrogels such as potassium polyacrylate (PH1), starch-acrylonitrile (PH2), starch-acrylic-acid (PH3) and polyacrylic acid (PH4) on the moisture capacity of sandy soils from sand dune. The sandy soils contained >95% sand. Maximum rate of water absorption of polymers (PH1, PH2, PH3 and PH4) were 174, 38.75, 21.7 and 201.1 times their weight respectively. Four polymer hydrogels with three treatments (0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5 and 0.75:0.25; v/v) were used in the experiment with four replication. With respect to the untreated soil, addition of polymer hydrogels increased significantly full moisture capacity (FMC) and smallest moisture capacity (SMC) for for all polymer: sand mixtures. PH1 recorded highest FMC and SMC than all four polymers. The results suggest that addition of a potassium polyacrylate to sandy soils is more effective polymer hydrogel at increasing moisture capacity in sandy soils.

Polymer hydrogel, sandy soil, desert, moisture capacity.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1078352

10.18393/ejss.1078352

Response of selected physical properties of Fluvisols to tillage implements and frequencies at Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia

Ararsa Boki Lemma ararsa21@gmail.com

Kibebew Kibret Tsehai

Bobe Bedadi Wereka

248-258

2020-05-14

2022-02-15

2022-02-24

2022-06-24

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of tillage implements and frequencies on selected physical properties of Fluvisols at Haramaya University, Eastern Ethiopia, during the 2013 cropping season. Soil bulk and particle density, total porosity, texture, and soil water retention were analyzed immediately (within 72 hours) and one month after tillage for samples collected from 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with treatment combinations consisting of three levels of tillage frequencies (0, 2 and 4) and two tillage implements, oxen-drawn traditional Maresha and disc plows, with three replications. Results indicated that the mean bulk density values were significantly different (P < 0.05) at plow layers (0-20 cm). It ranged from 1.68 g cm-3 for disc plows at two passes to 1.72 g cm-3 for zero tillage and disc plows at four passes one month after tillage at a depth of 21-40 cm. Tillage with a disc plow at increased frequencies decreased total porosity, while oxen-drawn Maresha increased total porosity. Insignificant differences (P < 0.05) in mean values of particle size distribution were observed except for percent clay content immediately after tillage with disc plows at two passes, which showed significant highest mean value (26.30%). Tillage by traditional Maresha resulted in more water holding capacity at increased tillage frequencies. Tillage practice using disc plows at two passes significantly affected the bulk density, total porosity, and soil water retention characteristics. In conclusion, tillage implements and frequencies have shown a negative effect on the physical properties of Fluvisols by disrupting the structure of the soil at surface and subsurface depths, resulting in varying levels of impact on soil bulk density, total porosity, and soil water retention characteristics. Therefore, it is recommended to use the tillage implements at reduced frequencies for less disruption of soil properties while performing soil tilth for agricultural production.

Tillage, Maresha, Disc plow, Implements, Haramaya.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1085194

10.18393/ejss.1085194

The effects of two Fe-EDDHA chelated fertilizers on dry matter production and Fe uptake of tomato seedlings and Fe forms of a calcareous soil

Abdurrahman Ay abdurrahman.ay@omu.edu.tr

Salih Demirkaya

Rıdvan Kızılkaya

Coşkun Gülser

259-265

2021-06-08

2022-03-06

2022-03-09

2022-06-24

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of two different ratios of Fe-EDDHA chelated fertilizers, (F1:4.8% and F2:6%) having the same amount of 6% soluble Fe content, on dry matter production and Fe uptake of tomato seedlings at different growth periods and Fe forms of a calcareous soil. The experiment was conducted in a factorial experimental design using Fe-EDDHA chelated fertilizers and the plant growth periods (10, 20, 30 and 40 days after seedling) with three replicates under the greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that the dry matter content, Fe uptake, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in plants generally increased over the control with increasing the growth periods. The plant dry matter contents were higher in F1 than F2 fertilization. The plant Fe uptakes in F1 treatment during the growth periods were also higher than that in F2 treatment. The carotenoid content and the chlorophyll formations in terms of both chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b were higher in F2 fertilization at the 20th day and higher in F1 fertilization at the 40th day. The DTPA-Fe and exchangeable-Fe contents in soil samples generally decreased while the organically bounded-Fe content in soil samples increased with increasing growth periods. It can be suggested that 4,8% of Fe-EDDHA fertilizer is more effective on Fe uptake when compared with 6% of Fe-EDDHA chelated Fe fertilizer. Therefore, F1 fertilizer can be used when chlorosis is seen on plants in calcareous soils. On the other hand, F2 fertilizer can be used if long-term Fe fertilization is desired. The differences in effectiveness between Fe-EDDHA chelated fertilizers having the same amount of water-soluble Fe content may be occurred due to differences in their chelating formulas

Tomato, Fe-EDDHA, Fe forms, seedlings.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1085264

10.18393/ejss.1085264

Study on the potential of silica-available based on types of soil on the productivity of paddy field in West Java Province, Indonesia

Budy Frasetya Taufik Qurrohman budy20001@mail.unpad.ac.id

Abraham Suriadikusumah

Benny Joy

Rija Sudirja

266-274

2021-07-14

2022-03-07

2022-03-09

2022-06-24

The Si-available (Siap) content in the soil of paddy fields is decreasing, so it will affect decreasing the productivity of paddy fields. Soil type maps can be used to estimate the potential Siap content in paddy fields. The purpose of this study was to assess the productivity of the paddy field in West Java Province based on the Siap potential in each region using maps of soil types and paddy productivity data. This research was conducted in West Java Province. The research was carried out from February 2021 to March 2021. The research method used was the descriptive research method. This research is secondary data analysis so that no field test is carried out. The validation of the data from the analysis was based on the literature from the previous researchers. The parameters measured in this study were: the distribution of paddy fields, the percentage of soil types in each paddy field, the average productivity of paddy field on each type of soil, the distribution of paddy productivity levels, the potential for Siap to paddy productivity and map of the potential distribution of Siap in West Java Province. Secondary data obtained were then analyzed using spatial analysis and descriptive analysis. The results of the spatial analysis show that 77% of paddy fields in West Java have medium Siap potential, 17% low and 7% high. The results of the correlation analysis show that the productivity of paddy plants has a strong correlation (r = 0.99) to the Siap of paddy soil. The soil maps can be used to estimate the potential of Siap and the productivity of paddy plants. The Si application was recommended in paddy fields in the southern region of West Java Province.

Land planning, paddy soil, productivity map, Si available.