EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.084-088

10.18393/ejss.2016.2.084-088

Dissolution of rock phosphate in animal manure soil amendment and lettuce growth

Kofi Agyarko agyarkokofi@yahoo.com

Akwasi Abunyewa

Emmanuel Asiedu

Emmanuel Heva

84 - 88

2015-08-30

2015-10-15

2015-10-18

2016-04-01

A study was conducted in pots on the field to assess the effect of different quantities of poultry manure (PM), cattle manure (CM) and pig manure (PG) on the release of available phosphorus from Togo rock phosphate (RP) and lettuce growth. There were eleven (11) treatments which were: Control (soil only); 2.5g RP; 2.5g CM; 2.5gRP + 2.5g CM; 2.5gRP + 5gCM; 2.5gPM; 2.5gRP + 2.5gPM; 2.5gRP + 5gPM; 2.5gPG; 2.5gRP + 2.5gPG; 2.5gRP + 5gPG, applied per kg soil, using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Available phosphorus and other parameters were assessed using standard methods. Results were statistically analyzed using the the GenStat (11th Edition) statistical software package. The amount and type of animal manure in the amendment affected the amount of the available P released. The addition of 2.5g manure to 2.5g RP in a kg of soil significantly (P

Available phosphorus, manure, rock phosphate, soil amendment

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.089-096

10.18393/ejss.2016.2.089-096

Optimization of sodium extraction from soil by using a central composite design (CCD) and determination of soil sodium content by ion selective electrodes

Sevinç Karadağ sevinckaradag@mirarge.com.tr

Emel Eren

Ebru Çetinkaya

Selin Özen

Seda Deveci

89 - 96

2015-09-15

2015-10-31

2015-11-02

2016-04-01

Rapid determination of sodium (Na) ions in soil samples using ion selective electrodes (ISE) was investigated in this study. The compatibility of ISEs with soil extraction solution is a challenging subject as various effects such as pH, ionic strength and other interferences have to be considered as well as efficiency of the extraction solution. Because almost every type of sodium salt is soluble in water, and the pH of water is suitable for ISE studies, it was chosen as the soil extractant. Firstly, the extraction parameters were optimized by using a central composite design (CCD), secondly thirty agricultural soil samples were extracted with water and the extracts were measured by Na-ISE in a previously developed flow system. The results were compared with ion chromatography (IC) as the reference method, and the regression analysis between IC and ISE results yielded a high correlation (R² = 0.9408). It was concluded that, ion selective electrodes can be used with water as an extraction solution for rapid determination of sodium in soil samples.

Central composite design (CCD), ion selective electrodes (ISE), soil analysis, sodium

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.097-104

10.18393/ejss.2016.2.097-104

Heavy metal pollution affected by human activities and different land-use in urban topsoil: A case study in Rafsanjan city, Kerman province, Iran

Milad Aminiyan miladmir67@yahoo.com

Farzad Aminiyan

Rouhollah Mousavi

Amin Heydariyan

97 - 104

2015-08-29

2015-11-05

2015-11-07

2016-04-01

The excessive input of trace elements into urban soil has become one of the most important concerns in industrial and crowded cities all over the world. The contamination of urban soils can affect the health of people living in urban areas, and the surrounding ecosystems. Current study was conducted to assess the effects of human activities as well as different land-use on accumulation of trace elements in urban topsoil and also identify the potential risks to human health in Rafsanjan (Iran). A total of 100 topsoil samples were taken from different localities of Rafsanjan City and analyzed for Zn, Pb, Cu and Cr using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. Pollution index (PI) was calculated for each trace element to identify the rate of trace element accumulation with respect to the background values. Land-use map and geochemical maps were also created for evaluating of spatial distribution of pollution index and trace elements concentration in the studied area. Overlapping the concentrations map and land-use map revealed that the highest values of pollution index and trace elements concentration were located in central part of the city and highways with a great vehicle trafﬁc load and also in the vicinity of industrial factories that increased potential health hazards to the local community. On the other hand, lowest values of trace elements were located in green-lands with strict vehicle traffic laws. These results indicated that different land-use and human activities have affected quality of urban topsoil of Rafsanjan resulting in great apprehensions regarding public health in crowded parts of the city.

Rafsanjan, pollution, trace element, public health

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.105-112

10.18393/ejss.2016.2.105-112

Effect of chickpea in association with Rhizobium to crop productivity and soil fertility

Botir Khaitov bhaitov@yahoo.com

Akhmad Kurbonov

Anvar Abdiev

Maksud Adilov

105 - 112

2015-10-21

2015-11-25

2015-11-27

2016-04-01

The growth, development and yield of chickpea (Cicer ariеtinum L.) is strongly influenced by abiotic factors such as salinity and drought in the arid conditions. The use of efficient plant growth promoting bacteria in chickpea production is the best solution to overcome those stresses. In the present study, 10 chickpea rhizobial strains were isolated and purified from the nodules of chickpea genotype grown on middle salinated soils with different chickpea cultivation histories, 3 of them were more efficient in salt tolerance and showed higher nodulation abilities. Local chickpea genotype Uzbekistan-32 was inoculated with selected Rhizobiumbacterial strains before planting them to the field condition. Inoculation of plants with strains Rhizobium sp. R4, R6 and R9 significantly increased shoot, root dry matter, and nodule number by 17, 12, and 20% above the uninoculated plants, respectively. The shoot length increased by 52%, root length by 43%, shoot dry weight by 36%, and root dry weight by 64%. Inoculation significantly increased the pod number by 28% and yield up to 55% as compared to control plant. The effective indigenous rhizobial strains isolated in this study from chickpeas on middle salinated soils of Uzbekistan have the characters of broad host range, high nodulation efficiency, efficient N fixation, great salt tolerance. Soil nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon content of the soil at the end of experiments were positive in all the treatments compare control. In this study, we are focused with consideration of the relationship between chickpea and its symbiotic nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacterial strains and how it functions to influence plant productivity and soil fertility.

Chickpea, saline soil, rhizobial strain, nodulation and root colonization, yield, soil fertility

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.113-120

10.18393/ejss.2016.2.113-120

Dynamic surface soil components of land and vegetation types in Kebbi State Nigeria

Suleiman Usman labboallugu@yahoo.com

Samaila Noma

Abbakar Kudiri

113 - 120

2015-10-21

2015-11-26

2015-11-29

2016-04-01

Land and vegetation are important components of soil and provides many benefits to surface soil including protection against erosion, climate change impact and unacceptable degradation of soil particles. Visual Soil Assessment was used as a mechanism to assess and classify the land and vegetation types of some agricultural sites in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The aim was to get better understanding of the environmental soil function for sustainable crop production in dryland and fadama areas of the State. The assessment was able to put together combinations of different vegetation types and land age classes. It is valued that the land age classes possessed the characteristics of Holocene-natural, Holocene-anthropogeomorphic, Holocene-young-natural, young-anthropogeomorphic, very-young anthropogeomorphic and very-young natural. However, the vegetation types could be related to evergreen forest, short medium forest (scattered clustered), dwarf vegetation (scattered isolated), grass vegetation, thick vegetation, stony-grass vegetation (scattered sparse) and short-length vegetation. The assessment provides an improve understanding of the current status of land and vegetation conditions of the study area and suggested regular soil management for sustainable crop production in the State.

Visual soil assessment, classification, land, vegetation

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.121-131

10.18393/ejss.2016.2.121-131

An experimental investigation of rill erosion processes in lateritic upland region: A pilot study

Pravat Shit

Gouri Bhunia

Ramkrishna Maiti ramkrishnamaiti@yahoo.co.in

121 - 131

2015-10-16

2015-11-27

2015-11-29

2016-04-01

The present paper is based on field investigation and measurement of rill erosion processes at Rangamati Experimental Station (Medinipur, West Bengal in India). In rill experiments, three different natural rills were studies in field for understanding of the dynamics of soil erosion processes of a rill catchment area. Geometric and morphological characteristics of each rill catchment area were analyzed. Results showed the widening, deepening and extended of rills because of sidewall sloughing, knick-points and head-ward erosion during surface runoff process. Progressive increases of rill volume were observed in the upper, middle and lower catchment with the change of time. Rill area has increased by runoff processes of 4.2 % and 6.8 % for Rill-A and Rill-B respectively. These processes are depends on surface coverage, soil texture, slope gradients and runoff velocity.

Rills, rill geometry, rill morphology, rill erosion process

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.132-138

10.18393/ejss.2016.2.132-138

Influence of composted tobacco waste and farmyard manure applications on the yield and nutrient composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata)

Sezai Delibacak sezai.delibacak@ege.edu.tr

Ali Ongun

132 - 138

2015-10-16

2015-11-27

2015-11-30

2016-04-01

The use of organic wastes in agriculture, forestry and land reclamation has been increasingly identified as an important issue for soil fertility, soil conservation and residue disposal. Using organic wastes in agriculture helps not only to dispose these materials economi¬cally, but also reduces negative effects on the envi¬ronment. In the present study, composted tobacco waste (CTW) combined with farmyard manure (FM) at different ratios was applied to Typic Xerofluvent soil, and the influence of these amendments on the yield and nutrient composition of butter head letttuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) were investigated. The experiment was conducted in 18 parcels in a randomized-block design with three replications at the Agriculture Faculty’s Research Farm of Ege University in Menemen plain, in the Western Anatolia Region of Turkey (38°58′35.51″-38°58′36.03″N; 27°03′84.56″-27°03′89.81″E). Organic materials were applied to the soil after composting. The treatments were (1) control, (2) 12.5 t ha-1 FM + 37.5 t ha-1 CTW, (3) 25 t ha-1 FM + 25 t ha-1 CTW, (4) 50 t ha-1FM, (5) 50 t ha-1 CTW, and (6) 37.5 t ha-1 FM + 12.5 t ha-1 CTW. The maximum yield was obtained during the 1st vegetation period (62,7 t ha-1) in the 100 % CTW application. On account of the 2nd vegetation period’s coinciding with winter and the coldness of the months December, January and February, there happened a slowdown in the lettuce yield. The highest total yield of lettuce in both vegetation periods (102.7 t ha-1) was determined in 100% CTW application parcels. The lower lettuce yields were determined in the control parcels. CTW and FM applications raised N, P, K Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn and Mn contents of the lettuce. According to the results obtained, it can be said that CTW can be used in agricultural fields just like FM.

Composted tobacco waste, farmyard manure, nutrient composition, yield, lettuce

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.139-145

10.18393/ejss.2016.2.139-145

Water stress and soil compaction impacts on clover growth and nutrient concentration

Abdolrahman Barzegar barzegar.ar@gmail.com

Abdolamir Yousefi

Nazanin Zargoosh

139 - 145

2015-09-16

2015-12-07

2015-12-09

2016-04-01

Soil compaction and insufficient water supply generally decrease crop performance. The effects of varying compaction and water availability levels on the growth of Berseem or Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrimum L.), water use efficiency and nutrient concentration were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of three soil compaction levels (bulk density of 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 Mg m-3), and four water availability treatments (40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of soil field capacity) in a factorial combination. Soil compaction had a significant effect on water use efficiency with the highest (0.32 g l-1) at bulk density of 1.4 Mg m-3 and the lowest at the other bulk densities. Soil compaction had no significant effects on leaf area, shoot, root and total dry masses. Water stress resulted in lower leaf area (from 231 to 153 mm2 pot-1), and the stem lengths were 7.6 cm and 4.3 cm for 80% and 60% of field capacity, respectively. Likewise, the highest (0.47 g pot-1) and lowest (0.33 g pot-1) total dry masses were observed at 80% and 60% field capacities. Water use efficiencies were 0.32 and 0.20 g l-1 for 100% and 60% field capacities, respectively. The accumulation of N, P and K per unit length of roots increased with soil compaction. As the water supply increased, the root and shoot dry weight and water use efficiency increased. Treatment of 100% field capacity resulted in the highest accumulation of N, P and K. Results indicated that the treatment of 80% field capacity and bulk density of 1.4 Mg m-3 provided the best conditions for clover performance, among the applied treatments. This study suggests that sufficient water supply can moderate the adverse effects of soil compaction on clover performance.

Water stress, compaction, water use efficiency, clover growth, nutrient concentration

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.146-154

10.18393/ejss.2016.2.146-154

Carbon dioxide emission and soil microbial respiration activity of Chernozems under anthropogenic transformation of terrestrial ecosystems

Nadezhda Ananyeva ananyeva@rambler.ru

Sofia Rogovaya

Kristina Ivashchenko

Vyacheslav Vasenev

Dmitriy Sarzhanov

Оleg Ryzhkov

Valeriy Kudeyarov

146 - 154

2015-09-19

2015-12-14

2015-12-16

2016-04-01

The total soil CO2 emission (EM) and portion of microbial respiration were measured (in situ; May, June, July 2015) in Chernozems typical of virgin steppe, oak forest, bare fallow and urban ecosystems (Kursk region, Russia). In soil samples (upper 10 cm layer), the soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), basal respiration (BR) and fungi-to-bacteria ratio were determined and the specific microbial respiration (BR / Cmic = qCO2) was calculated. The EM was varied from 2.0 (fallow) to 23.2 (steppe) g СО2 m-2 d-1. The portion of microbial respiration in EM was reached in average 83, 51 and 60% for forest, steppe and urban, respectively. The soil Cmic and BR were decreased along a gradient of ecosystems transformation (by 4 and 2 times less, respectively), while the qCO2 of urban soil was higher (in average by 42%) compared to steppe, forest and fallow. In urban soil the Cmic portion in soil Сorg and Сfungi-to-Сorg ratio were by 2.6 and 2.4 times less than those for steppe. The relationship between microbial respiration and BR values in Chernozems of various ecosystems was significant (R2 = 0.57).

Chernozems, CO2 emission, ecosystem land use, microbial biomass, microbial respiration

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.155-165

10.18393/ejss.2016.2.155-165

Benzo[a]pyrene contamination in Rostov Region of Russian Federation: A 10-year retrospective of soil monitoring under the effect of long-term technogenic pollution

Svetlana Sushkova snsushkova@sfedu.ru

Tatiana Minkina

Irina Turina

Saglara Mandzhieva

Tatiana Bauer

Inna Zamulina

155 - 165

2015-10-15

2015-12-14

2015-12-17

2016-04-01

The aim of the current work was to study the main tendencies in the accumulation and distribution of benzo[a]pyrene in soils of the affected zone of the Novocherkassk regional power plant. Studies were conducted on the soils of monitoring plots subjected to Novocherkassk regional power plant emissions. Monitoring plots were established at different distances from the Novocherkassk regional power plant (1.0–20.0 km). Regularities in the accumulation and distribution of benzo[a]pyrene in chernozemic, meadow-chernozemic, and alluvial soils under the effect of aerotechnogenic emissions from the Novocherkassk regional power plant have been revealed on the basis of long-term monitoring studies (from 2002 to 2011). The tendencies in the distribution and accumulation of BaP in the studied soils coincided during the 10 years of monitoring studies. It has been found the 5-km zone to the northwest from the power station, which coincides with the predominant wind direction, is most subjected to contamination by benzo[a]pyrene, with the maximum accumulation at a distance of about 1.6 km from the source. Dynamics of pollutant accumulation in soils depends on number of Novocherkassk regional power plant emissions. The content of benzo[a]pyrene in the soil is an indicator of the technogenic load impact on the areas, for which the combustion products of hydrocarbon fuel are the major pollutants. A gradual decrease of the pollutant content in the soils was revealed during the period from 2002 to 2011. It explained by the significant decrease in the volume of pollutant emissions from the plant and the self-purification capacity of soils and mechanisms of benzo[a]pyrene degradation.

Benzo[a]pyrene, soil, contamination, monitoring, soil properties, regional power plant