EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2013.2.082-089

10.18393/ejss.2013.2.082-089

Probability mapping of saline and sodic soils in the Harran plain using a non-linear kriging technique

Ali Bilgili vbilgili@harran.edu.tr

Mehmet Çullu

Salih Aydemir

Aydın Aydemir

Ahmet Almaca

82 - 89

2011-12-01

2013-05-09

2013-05-20

2013-10-15

In the Harran Plain, southeastern Turkey, soil salinisation causes land degradation threatening the sustainability of agricultural production. According to a recent survey, approximately 18000 ha area has been affected by soil salinity and sodicity at various levels. Determining the distribution of saline and sodic soils in the study area is the first step for effective management of these soils. Over 200 soil samples have been randomly selected across the plain and analyzed for selected soil salinity and sodicity variables in soil salinity laboratory. Indicator kriging (IK), a non-linear interpolation technique, was used to map the probability levels of occurrence of saline and sodic soils across the plain. The results of IK showed the probability distributions of risky areas under different types of soil salinity classes; nonsaline, saline, saline – sodic and sodic.

Harran Plain, saline-sodic soils, indicator kriging, probability distribution

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2013.2.082-089

10.18393/ejss.2013.2.082-089

Probabilistic models of spatial fluctuations of edaphic properties in native soils in steppe zone of Western Siberia

Irina Mikheeva mikheeva@issa.nsc.ru

82 - 89

2013-02-13

2013-04-10

2013-04-21

2013-10-15

Fluctuations of properties in an individuum (pedon) of a chestnut soil under different use (virgin soil, unirrigated arable soil, and irrigated arable soil) were quantitatively evaluated. It was shown that these fluctuations make up to 20-40% of the property changeability in an elementary soil area. Probability distribution functions (pdf) with high p-values were considered as probabilistic models of soil properties. Analysis of pdf regularities gives clear and stable information about difference of soil properties in the soil volumes in space in soil horizons under agricultural impacts. Information divergences quantify these regularities. Analysis of entropy value highlighted the main tendency of agricultural impact – the tendency of outstanding decreasing quantity of various microconditions of soil, which is important change of edaphic factor.

Soil, properties, fluctuation, pdf, information divergence, and statistical entropy

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2013.2.090-096

10.18393/ejss.2013.2.090-096

Pedotransfer capacity of nickel and platinum nanoparticles in Albeluvisols Haplic in the South-East of the Western Siberia

Sergei Kulizhsky soil@land.ru

Sergei Loyko

Artyom Lim

90 - 96

2013-02-15

2013-04-10

2013-04-21

2013-10-15

Findings of field and experimental studies of pedotransfer capability of nickel and platinum nanoparticles in the profile of Albeluvisols Haplic of the sub-boreal forest in the south-east of the Western Siberia were presented. Results of the surveys testify to the effect that major factors affecting the migration capability include large biogenic interstices and main cracks that act as transport channels for nanoparticles, as well as thermodynamic (φ-) potentials of particles that define the intensity of surface electrostatic interactions with walls of soil interstices.

Nickel and platinum nanoparticles, soil, migration, physical properties

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2013.2.097-101

10.18393/ejss.2013.2.097-101

Dynamics of soil cover state and degradation processes intensity in natural soil zones of the Altai Region

Gennady Morkovkin ggmork@mail.ru

Yekaterina Litvinenko

Nina Maksimova

97 - 101

2013-02-16

2013-04-11

2013-04-22

2013-10-15

It is shown that the agricultural landscapes of the natural soil zones of the Altai Region are subjected to intense anthropogenic impact, and they are in an unstable state. Agricultural use has caused an extensive development of degradation processes, and the resulting indicator of those is the increase of eroded soils areas, dehumification, and the decrease of humus soil horizon thickness. More active wind erosion is revealed in the chestnut soil zone of the dry steppe and in the subzone of southern chernozems of arid steppe; a combined action of wind and water erosion is observed in the subzones of arid, temperate-arid and forest-outlier steppe, and water erosion develops in the zones of central forest-steppe and meadow steppe. The highest intensity of dehumification is observed in arid and temperate-arid steppe, and a greater change rate of soils areas in terms of humus horizon thickness decrease is observed in the chestnut soil zone of dry steppe and in the subzone of southern chernozems of arid steppe.

Chernozems, humus content, humus horizon thickness, soil degradation, water and wind erosion

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2013.2.102-106

10.18393/ejss.2013.2.102-106

Dependence of aggregates water stability from the contents of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in the organic matter of chernozems

Evgeny Milanovskiy

Alexandr Rusanov

Evgeny Shein evgeny.shein@gmail.com

102 - 106

2013-02-16

2013-04-30

2013-05-12

2013-10-15

Soil humus substances are considered as a multicomponent system of amphiphilic (exhibiting both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties) substances. Hydrophilic components of humus substances ensure the eluvial and eluvial—illuvial differentiation of the soil profile; hydrophobic components are responsible for the accumulative type of humus profile and the water stability of soil aggregates. Possible mechanisms for the formation of hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of humus substances and its role in stable aggregates formation are discussed. The suitability of mathematical equations has been considered for the description of the decomposition dynamics of the soil aggregates in time, the selection of the best model, and the statistical analysis of the parameters of the corresponding models. The quantitative analysis of the interrelations between the parameters characterizing the water stability and the characteristics of the soil organic matter has revealed a unimodal relationship between the parameter responsible for the water stability of the aggregates and the content of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components for the studied typical chenozem (Voronic Chernozems Pachic, WRB, 2006 or Haplic Chernozems, FAO, 1988) (Orenburg oblast). The optimal relation between hydrophobic and hydrophilic components for high aggregates water stability of typucal chernozem is about 60% of hydrophilic and 40% of hydrophobic components in the composition of soil organic matter.

Soil organic matter, amphyphilic properties, soil structure, water stable aggregates, chernozem, mat

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2013.2.107-113

10.18393/ejss.2013.2.107-113

Sorption – desorption of imidacloprid insecticide on Indian soils of five different locations

Shailendra Chauhan

Anjana Srivastava anj612003@yahoo.co.in

Prakash Srivastava

Ankita Verma

107 - 113

2013-01-10

2013-04-30

2013-05-13

2013-10-15

Sorption-desorption processes govern the movement of all chemicals including pesticides in soils. The present investigation was undertaken to study the sorption-desorption of imidacloprid, using a batch method, on soils of five different location of India. Sorption data were fitted to Freundlich isotherm. The log K value was the highest for loam type soil (1.830) and the lowest for clay type soil (1.661). The value of 1/n was the maximum for silt loam soil (0.909) but minimum for loam soil (0.723). Simple correlation analysis indicated that among soil properties only electrical conductivity showed a higher but marginally non-significant negative correlation with log K (r = -0.826) indicating that higher concentration of solutes solutes are conducive to low sorption capacity of soil. The desorption data conformed to two surfaces Freundlich desorption isotherm. The values of 1/n1' corresponding to easily desorbed fraction of imidacloprid showed significant negative correlation with soil pH (r = -0.886, significant at p ≤0.05) but significant positive correlation with clay content (r = 0.980, significant at p ≤0.01). The desorption index for easily desorbed fraction of imidacloprid (n1’/n) also had significant negative correlation with soil pH (r = 0.953, significant at p ≤0.05). From cumulative desorption data, it appeared that bioavailability of imidacloprid would be lower in neutral soil than acidic or alkaline soils.

Sorption-desorption, imidacloprid, soil, loam, clay, Freundlich isotherm

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2013.2.114-121

10.18393/ejss.2013.2.114-121

Morpho-physiological changes caused by soil compaction and irrigation on Zea mays

Ahmad Kobaissi ahkobeissi@ul.edu.lb

Ali Kanso

Hussein Kanbar

Véronique Kazpard

114 - 121

2013-04-18

2013-06-27

2013-06-30

2013-10-15

Physical properties of soil, such as compaction, have immense effects on the physico-morphological characters of plants, namely on the roots. For this reason per se, roots are immersed in a soil matrix with distinct conditions that may affect their anatomy, structure and function. Soil’s physical characteristics, such as texture and compaction force, are some of the main factors affecting root growth and development. This study investigates how soil compaction, soil moisture and type of soil can modify the regular growth of Zea mays L., and thus reveal the changes influencing plant’s physiology and growth. This experiment focuses on simulating two magnitudes of compaction (1.25 and 1.45 g cm-3), two irrigation rates in two soil types, and assessing their effects on Z. mays. Despite intrinsic differences in the physico-chemical properties of the two soils, soil compaction had the highest influence on the decrease of leaf area, relative growth rate, total length of roots and shoot and dry mass of stem and roots, while it showed an increase in nitrate reductase activity and total chlorophyll content of the leaves and a limited bacterial growth. Soil moisture interactively aggravated the negative effects of soil compaction. In conclusion, soil compaction shows momentous effects on root anatomy and morphology during the seedling stage, with consequences on plant physiology and growth.

Compaction, dry mass, growth, irrigation rate, leaf, stem, Zea mays

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2013.2.122-130

10.18393/ejss.2013.2.122-130

Effects of iron and aluminum oxides and clay content on penetration resistance of five Greek soils

Stefanos Stefanou stefst2@cp.teithe.gr

Agapi Papazafeiriou

122 - 130

2013-05-14

2013-09-08

2013-09-15

2013-10-15

The effect of amorphous and crystalline iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides and oxy-hydroxides as well as clay on soil penetration resistance of five Greek soils, as a function of soil water suction was studied for the whole range of soil moisture. The soils tested were of loamy texture and were collected from cultivated and non-cultivated areas of north and central Greece (Macedonia and Thessaly). The study aimed at understanding the role of the above mentioned soil components on penetration resistance. The findings showed that the increase of iron and aluminum oxides and oxy-hydroxides content resulted in an increase of soil penetration resistance and the relationships between them were significant. Crystalline iron forms found to have a more profound effect on penetration resistance as compared to amorphous iron forms. Finally, positive and significant relationships were also found between penetration resistance and clay content. However, it is not entirely clear which of the two soil components plays the most important role in penetration resistance changes in soils.

Penetration resistance, soil water suction, Fe and Al oxides and oxy-hydroxides, clay

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2013.2.131-139

10.18393/ejss.2013.2.131-139

Determination and monitoring of land use changes by using quickbird satellite data and aerial photographs in a selected area of the Northern Adana in Turkey

Canan Kitiş cnn_canan@yahoo.com

Suat Şenol

131 - 139

2013-07-07

2013-09-23

2013-10-15

In this study, high-resolution QuickBird satellite images of year October 2006, visual interpretation of aerial photographs of year 1989 and the land cover and changes in land use of North Adana in Turkey between 1989-2006 were monitored and analyzed. In each Picture that imported into GIS, residental areas, agricultural areas, forests, water surfaces and the other categories have been determined. The study area in North Adana in Turkey was determined first as 41.932 hectares, while in 1989 the city center residential areas were 1.351,86 hectaresin 2006 they turned into 2.956,25 hectares, and showed 118,68 % increase, indistrial areas expanded from 115 hectaresto 148,7 and showed 29,36 % increase. Dry agricultural lands turned from 12.442 hectaresinto10.728 hectares and decreased by % 13,8. The statistical data obtained from results showed the dynamics of land use and also consisted a base for future planning.

QuickBird Satellite Image/Wiev, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2013.2.140-144

10.18393/ejss.2013.2.140-144

The effects of some organic fertilizers on nutrient contents in hybrid Gladiolus

Ferit Sönmez

Arzu Çığ

Füsun Gülser gulserf@yahoo.com

Gülcinay Başdoğan

140 - 144

2013-06-14

2013-09-23

2013-09-25

2013-10-15

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of organic fertilizers on nutrient contents in leaves and corms of hybrid Gladiolus sp. used as a cut flower in landscape arrangement. This study was conducted in a randomized experimental design with three replications. Chicken manure, farmyard manure, peat and waste mushroom compost were used as organic fertilizers. As a result, while the highest mean contents of nitrogen (1.97%), iron (160 ppm) and manganese (128 ppm) in leaves were obtained in chicken manure application, the highest mean contents of potassium (2.01%), calcium (1.80%) and magnesium (0.25 ppm) were determined in waste mushroom compost application. The highest mean contents of phosphorus (0.30%), zinc (25.3 ppm) and copper (9.29 ppm) in leaves were found with peat, control and farmyard manure applications, respectively. The highest mean contents of phosphorus (0.83%), potassium (1.47%), calcium (0.57%), manganese (73 ppm) and zinc (67.3 ppm) in corms were obtained in farmyard manure applications. While the highest mean contents of nitrogen (4.86%) and copper (20.9 ppm) in corms were determined in chicken manure application, the highest mean contents of iron (17.6 ppm) and magnesium (0.20 %) in corms were obtained in peat and waste mushroom compost applications, respectively. Application of organic fertilizers increased macro and micro nutrient contents in leaves and corms of hybrid Gladiolus sp.

Hybrid Gladiolus sp., nutrient elements, organic fertilization, ornamental plant