EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1011995

10.18393/ejss.1011995

Micromorphological and mineralogical features of saline playa surface sediments from two large Trans-Uralian lakes

Andrey Novoselov

Alexandr Konstantinov

Elizaveta Konstantinova

Tamara Dudnikova

Andrey Barbashev barbashev_andrei@mail.ru

Iliya Lobzenko

93-101

2021-10-19

2022-03-28

The proposed paper is devoted to the features of mineralogical composition and microstructure of saline playa surface sediments from two large drainless lakes in the south west of Western Siberia. The material composing the surface sediments of both playas is an unlithified mixture of clay and sand, with a significant admixture of organic matter. Coarse material is represented mainly by quartz, with an insignificant admixture of feldspar grains and micaceous fragments. In general, terrigenous component is characterized by a comparatively low degree of sorting. Clay material is scarce and composed, presumably of chlorite-hydromica material with a significant admixture of undecomposed organic matter, and traces of ferruginization. Carbonates and evaporates are the most common authigenic minerals. In both cases carbonates occur as microconcretions that correspond to the zone enriched with cysts, plant detritus and other degrading organic matter. Evaporates occur both as the efflorescence on the surfaces of the crusts. The study results have shown that surface crusts contain zones enriched with Artemia salina cysts, which are a significant component of sediments. Degrading crusts promote secondary mineral formation, especially formation of carbonates. Surface crusts of two studied playa environments differ in proportion of terrigenous material, clay minerals, as well as the composition of evaporates and carbonates.

Artemia salina, lakes, Solonchaks, Western Siberia.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1013432

10.18393/ejss.1013432

Spatial modeling of soil salinity using kriging interpolation techniques: A study case in the Great Hungarian Plain

Ghada Sahbeni gsahbeni@caesar.elte.hu

Balázs Székely

102-112

2021-04-21

2021-10-18

2021-10-22

2022-03-28

The world’s current task is to ensure food security for an ever-growing population of 7.674 billion in 2019. Soil degradation threatens sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid climates, where evaporation rates outweigh precipitation. Soluble salts concentrated in the subsoil under certain climatic conditions influence soil physicochemical properties, leading to soil fertility and biodiversity losses. Hence, understanding salinity behavior and its spatial variation are crucial for natural resources management to achieve and maintain sustainability. This study aims to model soil salinity spatial distribution using four kriging interpolation methods, i.e., ordinary kriging (OK), empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), co-kriging (CK), and indicator kriging (IK). Two hundred twenty-two soil samples were collected for this purpose during a field campaign conducted in the Hungarian Soil Monitoring System framework in 2016. The performance of kriging methods was assessed and compared using two cross-validations, i.e., leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and the holdout method. The Pearson correlation analysis has been used to expose a significant moderate correlation between salt content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) with a correlation coefficient of 0.4 and a p-value of 0.003. Thus, the spatial relationship between soil salinity content (SSC) and CEC was integrated into the model to enhance predictions in areas where no measurements were accessible. The study demonstrated co-kriging efficiency by reducing the mean squared error (MSE) of ordinary kriging (OK) from 0.8 g/kg and 0.85 g/kg for LOOCV and the holdout cross-validation to 0.3 g/kg.

Geostatistics, interpolation, kriging, soil salinity, spatial modeling.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1013933

10.18393/ejss.1013933

Properties, geochemical composition, and fertility of highly weathered soils in Central Philippines

Snowie Jane C. Galgo snowjgalgo@gmail.com

Victor B. Asio

113-125

2021-04-08

2021-10-18

2021-10-23

2022-03-28

Highly weathered soils are widepsread in the humid tropics. These soils are deep, clayey, and reddish and contain scant amounts of nutrients like Si due to excessive leaching, heavy desilication-aluminization, and erosion owing to their slope gradient and position. However, few investigations have been published in terms of their nature, characteristics, and nutrient status, especially for the geologically young Philippine islands. This study assessed the properties, geochemical composition, and fertility of deep and highly weathered soils developed from various parent materials in Central Philippines (Leyte and Samar). Sampling covered the entire soil profiles, including the lower portions, that are usually neglected in common soil characterization studies. Among the soil profiles, only profiles 3 and 8 have developed from non-uniform or heterogeneous parent materials. Findings likewise revealed heavy losses of K2O, CaO, MgO, and Na2O from the highly soil profiles evaluated. The amount and profile distribution of K2O and CaO is below 0.5% in the entire profile of most soils. On the other hand, there is apparent enrichment of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and to a lesser extent SiO2 in the highly weathered soil profiles, thus supporting the residua hypothesis. In terms of morpho-physical characteristics, the soils have deep solum, reddish color, subangular structure, friable moist consistence, and sticky and plastic wet consistence which are all related to the highly weathered nature of the soils. They also generally have low bulk density and higher porosity due to the iron oxides aggregation effect. The strong acidity (pH <5) and negative delta pH values revealed that the soil colloids possess a negative net charge. Nutrient status also showed low contents of organic matter, total N, available P, and exchangeable bases. Majority of the deep and highly weathered soils evaluated have possibly developed from homogenous parent materials. The soils are classified as Hapludox, Hapludult, and Paleudult.

Geochemical composition, highly weathered soils, nutrient status.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1022529

10.18393/ejss.1022529

Integrated use of bio-organic and chemical fertilizer to enhance yield and nutrients content of tomato

Shoaib Ahmed

Matiullah Khan

Taqi Raza taqiraza85@gmail.com

Rizwan Ahmad

Javid Iqbal

Neal S. Eash

126-132

2021-04-25

2021-11-08

2021-11-12

2022-03-28

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers causing a serious threat to the agro-ecological system, developing resistance to pest and declining food safety. Under current scenario, the application of bio-organic nutrients sources become imperative to sustain the productivity of arable farming. Thus to study the possible use of bio-organic sources of nutrients in soil fertility, crop quality and saving the application cost of chemical fertilizer, a pot experiment was conducted in green-house at Land Resources Research Institute, NARC Islamabad. Integrated effects of bio-organic fertilizers such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), vermicompost (VC) along with chemical fertilizer was investigated on soil-plant nutrients contents, growth and yield of tomato. Post-harvest results showed that the integrated use of bio-organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizer significantly increased the agronomic yield (Plant height and chlorophyll content) and fruit yield (Number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit diameter and yield) in tomato. The maximum plant height (161.24cm), chlorophyll contents (61.2), number of fruits (19), fruit weight (55g), fruit diameter (45.6a) and fruit yield (1.39 Kg/plant) were recorded in the treatment T5 where VC+PSB+75%RD were applied and minimum in treatment T1 (control). Treatment T5 has increased 117% fruit yield over control. The highest N (2.05% and 2.89%), P (0.33% and 0.50%) and K (2.32% and 6.67%) concentration in shoot and fruit of tomato respectively were found in treatment T5 (VC+PSB+75%RD). Similarly, in soil the highest N (4 mg Kg-1), P (0.66mg Kg-1) and K (3.53mg Kg-1) was recorded in treatment T6 (VC+PSB+100RD). Thus, study results recommend that the integrated use of bio-organic sources with appropriate proportion of chemical/synthetic fertilizers is best option of fertilizer savings and to achieve maximum benefits regarding quality and yield.

Tomato, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, vermicompost, chemical fertilizer, greenhouse conditions.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1022535

10.18393/ejss.1022535

Soil properties and grape yield of vineyard as affected by sawdust addition in a semi-arid region

Lelenda Florent Kebalo

Sezai Delibacak sezai.delibacak@ege.edu.tr

133-140

2021-06-21

2021-11-06

2021-11-12

2022-03-28

Due to its high organic matter content, sawdust can be used for soil amendment. This study investigated the effect of sawdust obtained from a furniture industry (Yildiz Integre Akhisar flakeboard) on grape yield and loam texture soil (Typic Xerofluvent) properties of a vineyard located in Saruhanlı District, Manisa, Turkey. In the trial, three groups with dry sawdust (10 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1; 30 t ha-1) was added to plots of vineyard while 0 t ha-1 or without sawdust addition was set up as a control group. All the 4 treatments were replicated three times (4×3). Sawdust addition resulted in significant increase (p <0.05) of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity (EC), available Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, P, K, and Mn contents, moisture, saturation percentage, field capacity, wilting point, available water and aggregation percentage values compared with control group. Also, the soil pH, bulk density, and dispersion percentage significantly decreased with sawdust addition. However, there was no significant change in lime, available Cu contents, structure stability index, aggregate stability of the soil with sawdust addition. Compared with control group, addition of 20 t ha-1 and 30 t ha-1 of dry sawdust significantly increased the grape yield of the vineyard. The highest yield of 4.23 t ha-1 was recorded with 30 t ha-1 sawdust addition. Sawdust can be used as a soil amendment given its positive effects on some soil properties and grape yield of the vineyard. It is suggested that nitrogen immobilization from the soil by microorganisms due to sawdust’s high C/N ratio is a key consideration for its future use.

Grape yield, loam texture soil, sawdust, semi-arid region.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1022545

10.18393/ejss.1022545

Effect of different organic wastes on biological properties of maize (Zea Mays Indendata) rhizosphere

Gulsun Bayadilova bayadilova.gulsun@bk.ru

Asset Zhylkibayev

Gulmira Yelibayeva

Jansulu Yessenbayeva

Dauren Kazkeyev

Venera M. Karasseva

141-150

2021-04-08

2021-11-07

2021-11-12

2022-03-28

This study was carried in order to determine the effects different various organic wastes (tobacco prodction waste, wheat straw, tea waste and hazelnut husk) under greenhause conditions on biological properties (microbial biomass C, basal soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity, urease activity and arlysulphatase activity) in clay-loam soil and rhizosphere (Zea mays indandata) soil of maize plant. The organic wastes were thoroughly mixed with the soil at a rate equivalent to 50 g kg-1 on air-dried weight basis. Experimental desing was randomized plot desing with there replications in greenhause. The moisture content in soil was mantained around 60 % of maximum water holding capacity by weighing the pots everday. Changes in the biological properties were determined in the soil and rhizosphere (Zea mays indendata) samples and root free soil taken in 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after the experiment was conducted. At the end of experiment, all organic waste added soil increased biological properties of soil in comparison with the control (P<0.01) at all experimental periods. Moreover, biological properties in rhizosphere soil were higher than in root free soil at all organic waste application (P<0.01). Increased of organic wastes on soil biological properties had different trend (P<0.01), the most increases in the biological properties in the soil treated with tea wastes and tobacco production waste with supplying of low initial C/N ratio compared to other organic wastes.

Organic waste, soil, rhizosphere, microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, enzyme activities.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1027558

10.18393/ejss.1027558

Seed priming with NaCl improves germination in maize under saline soil conditions

Ganesh Mahara

Rajendra Bam

Min Kandel

Sampada Timilsina

Dhiraj Chaudhary

Janardan Lamichhane

Tirtha Raj Bajgai

Bhoj Raj Pant

Uttam Bhattarai

Jitendra Upadhyaya jitu.upadhyaya@gmail.com

151-156

2021-06-14

2021-11-18

2021-11-23

2022-03-28

Soil salinity is considered crucial for seed germination, seedling growth, and crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Seed priming can be an effective solution to improve maize germination and growth, under salinity stress. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed priming with NaCl and salinity stress on germination and growth of maize variety Arun-2. Before sowing, eighty maize seeds were soaked in 5g/L aqueous NaCl solution for 12 hours at 27-degree Celsius. Primed and unprimed seeds were sown in 10-liter capacity plastic pots and watered with 200mL of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/L saline solutions at two days intervals. Germination percentage, shoot length, and number of leaves per plant were measured to access the germination and growth parameters. The results showed that priming seeds with NaCl solution significantly (P<0.05) improved the germination of maize seeds. Whereas, germination of Arun-2 was not significantly affected by salinity stress. Salinity has negative impacts on shoot length and number of leaves. The shoot length at 38 DAS was found to be the longest at salinity level 0 mg/L (8.61cm) and it was found to be shortest at highest salinity level i.e. 8 mg/L (3.12 cm). Increasing salt stress has severe effects on the growth of maize, both during the seedling and vegetative growth stages of the plant. Seed priming alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on germination and seedling growth of maize. Thus, seed priming with 5 g/L NaCl solution could be useful to improve the germination and growth of maize under saline stress conditions.

Maize, NaCl, salinity, seed germination, seed priming, seed growth.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1037798

10.18393/ejss.1037798

Influence of the biochar on petroleum hydrocarbon degradation intensity and ecological condition of Haplic Chernozem

Tatiana Minnikova loko261008@yandex.ru

Sergey Kolesnikov

Anna Ruseva

Kamil Kazeev

Tatiana Minkina

Saglara Mandzhieva

Svetlana Sushkova

157-166

2021-07-20

2021-12-10

2021-12-17

2022-03-28

It was evaluated the impact of biochar on the petroleum hydrocarbons degradation intensity and the ecological condition of Haplic Chernozem. The study was conducted in the model experiment conditions with Haplic Chernozem contaminated with 5% of petroleum hydrocarbons with application of 10 and 20% biochar. The number of soil bacteria, the activity of catalase and dehydrogenases, germination ability and radish root and shoot length, soil respiration considered to evaluate biological activity. It has been established that 10% biochar application led to intensification of petroleum hydrocarbons degradation up to 17% compare to contaminated soil. Upon adding 10% biochar the СО2 emission increased up to 70-85% on the 18-19th days, then reduced by the 28-30th days till soil emission with the application of biochar in the amount of 20% from soil mass. Activity of dehydrogenases of Haplic Chernozem were stimulated after application of 10% biochar up to 49% compared to control. Biochar application in the doses of 10 and 20% increased the number of soil bacteria up to 209 and 203%, respectively. Application of 20% biochar intensified the germination and early growth of radish seeds. The germination ability, length of radish shoots and roots increased to 44, 66 and 44%, respectively, compare to control. The biochar application in petroleum contaminated soil increased the activity of catalase, dehydrogenases and the number of soil bacteria. Biochar using in doses 10% and 20% contributes to acceleration of petroleum hydrocarbons degradation and improvement of the soil ecological condition.

Biochar, petroleum hydrocarbons contamination, soil, bioremediation, residual content of petroleum hydrocarbons

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1056847

10.18393/ejss.1056847

Effects of low-intensity fire on soil organic carbon stocks and physicochemical properties in the Mediterranean ecosystem

Mehmet Parlak mehmetparlak06@hotmail.com

167-173

2021-05-11

2021-12-27

2022-01-12

2022-03-28

Due to inherent climate characteristics, forest fires are commonly encountered in the Mediterranean ecosystem. Forest fires influence water resources, flora, fauna, air quality and soil properties. This study was conducted to determine the effects of a low-intensity fire in Lapseki – Dışbudak village on soil physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were taken from 0-5 cm depth on unburned (control) and burned lands 1 month and 3 years after the fire and samples were analyzed for organic carbon stock, texture, aggregate stability, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), lime, organic matter, organic carbon, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, Na, and available Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn.While the average pH, EC (dS m-1), exchangeable Ca (mg kg-1), Na (mg kg-1), available Mn (mg kg-1) and Zn (mg kg-1) values were respectively measured as 6.37, 0.72, 3504.10, 34.97, 202.31 and 4.23 in burned lands in the 1st month after fire, the values were respectively measured as 6.25, 0.53, 2870.90, 24.89, 127.96 and 2.71 in control areas. At the end of the 3rd year, available Mn was measured as 81.69 mg kg-1 in burned lands and 53.58 mg kg-1 in unburned lands. It was concluded that at the end of 3 years, low-intensity fire was effective in improving soil properties.

Low intensity fire, soil organic carbon stock, soil properties, soil nutrient.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1057156

10.18393/ejss.1057156

Effect of climatic conditions on the productive and biochemical characteristics of grape varieties grown on sierozem soil

Shokan N. Kulzhanov Shokan1993@mail.ru

Saule Z. Kazybayeva

Tolepbergen S. Tazhibaev

Laura A. Azhitaeva

Maira Yessenaliyeva

174-183

2021-05-15

2022-01-03

2022-01-13

2022-03-28

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of climatic conditions on phenological observations, yield components and biochemical characteristics of grape varieties grown on sierozem soil of Turkestan region, Southern Kazakhstan. A total of 13 different medium and late grape ripening varieties known, loved and widely used by the local people for many years in cultivation were chosen. The phenological observations (date of budding and removable maturity date of grape) yield components (yield of grape, weight of bunch of grape, number of bunch of grapes, as well as productivity) and the biochemical characteristics (titratable acidity, glucoacidimetric index, glucose content, fructose content) of grape varieties were evaluated in three seasons (2018-2020). During the vegetation period, date of budding and removable maturity date observations were made and recorded as day/month. As a result of the study, differences were found among local genotypes in terms of phenological stages. On the average of years, the earliest date of budding was recorded on 21 March with Children’s early and the latest date of budding was observed on 02 April Moldova and Victory. The highest yield and productivity were obtained from varieties Husayn kelin barmak and Chocolate grape varieties. Titratable acidity range was between 5 g/L – 8g/L, in average of years, the highest titratable acidity in late ripening grape varieties was found in Victory (7.3 g/L) while Moldova (6.0 g/L) had the lowest. Titratable acidity of Husayn kelin barmak (7.3 g/L) was determined also higher than the medium ripening grape varieties while Guzal Kara had the lowest, only 5.3 g/L. Glucose and fructose contents were determined as 8.58% and 11.04 in different grape varieties, respectively.

Sierozem soil, grape, climate, sugar, phenological observations.