EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.824654

10.18393/ejss.824654

Assessment of ecological state of Rostov zoo soil

Kamil Kazeev kamil_kazeev@mail.ru

Alexander Zhadobin

Anna Gobarova

Anastasia Fedorenko

Sergey Kolesnikov

87 - 95

2020-06-15

2020-11-07

2020-11-11

2021-04-01

A comparative study of ecological and biological parameters of soils of the Rostov-on-Don Zoo was carried out in 2017-2020. Monitoring sites were studied in areas of various purpose: aviaries with different animals, recreation area, park area. The control plot was a relatively undisturbed park section in the territory of the zoo. Different sites revealed heterogeneity of ecological conditions and soil properties. The most significant difference was in the physical properties of soils. Density, penetration resistance, and soil structure were degraded in aviaries with large animals: rhinos, zebras, deer. Using methods of bioindication, the degree of change in the soil of aviaries was determined compared with the soil of the control plot. The abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the Azotobacter genus was reduced in the soils of aviaries with zebras, rams, rhinos and giraffe due to the artificial addition of sand to the soil for the purpose of improvement of its physical properties. The activity of soil enzymes (urease and dehydrogenases) was significantly increased in the soils of aviaries due to their contamination with animal excretory products. A particularly high increase was in urease (up to 7.4 times relative to the control soil). The main problems of the topsoil of the zoo are overconsolidation, structural degradation, organic pollution, change in biological activity. The degree of change depends on the size of aviaries, the size and activity of animals and soil amelioration aimed at regulating physical properties of the soil.

Bioindication, biology activity, chernozem, soil health, soil quality.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.825066

10.18393/ejss.825066

Carbon sequestration potential of community forests: A comparative analysis of soil organic carbon stock in community managed forests of Far-Western Nepal

Rajeev Joshi joshi.rajeev20@gmail.com

Hukum Singh

Ramesh Chhetri

Saroj Raj Poudel

Sandip Rijal

96 - 104

2020-06-30

2020-11-09

2020-11-12

2021-04-01

Assessment of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is an essential pace for understanding the carbon sequestration potential (CSP) of the soil system as a mitigation strategy and also investigate that they act as a source or sink for the atmospheric CO2 subject to the level of saturation. Improved CSP has been recognized as one of the possible solutions for mitigating climate change. The CSP of soil system for the community forests (CFs) in Nepal is not well recognized. Therefore, a study was conducted in two community-managed forests viz Ganesh (degraded) and Ramnagar (non-degraded) CFs situated in the Kanchanpur district of Nepal to quantify the SOC and Bulk density (BD). For determining SOC, systematic sampling with a sampling intensity of 0.5% was used for collecting altogether 189 soil samples from both the CFs. In addition, the soil samples from varying depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) of each soil profile were collected from each sampling plot. The mean SOC observed upto 30 cm soil depth in Ganesh and Ramnagar CF was 42.55 ± 3.10 t ha-1 and 54.21 ± 3.59 t ha-1 respectively. While, maximum SOC was noticed at 0-10 cm whereas minimum at 20-30 cm in both the CFs. Moreover, SOC decreased and bulk density increased with increasing soil depth in both the CFs. SOC and BD was negatively correlated in both CFs. The total SOC pool exhibited a significant (p<0.05) difference between the two CFs. Hence, the outcome of study shows that the both CFs has enormous potential to sequester the atmospheric concentration of CO2 into soil. With this concern, the participation of local people in sustainable management of community forests enhance the soil quality and meets strategy to mitigate the climate change.

Bulk density, carbon sequestration potential, community forest, soil depth, soil organic carbon.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.829695

10.18393/ejss.829695

Some soil biological and chemical properties as affected by biofertilizers and organic ameliorants application on paddy rice

Betty Natalie Fitriatin betty.natalie@unpad.ac.id

Adinda Putri Amanda

Nadia Nuraniya Kamaluddin

Fiqriah Hanum Khumairah

Emma Trinurani Sofyan

Anny Yuniarti

Tien Turmuktini

105 - 110

2020-04-08

2020-11-15

2020-11-22

2021-04-01

Biofertilizers are compounds that contain microorganisms capable of increasing the nutrient availability to plants and increasing plant growth rate. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of biofertilizers and organic ameliorants on some of soil bio-chemical properties. The pot experiment was conducted at the field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Indonesia. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block complete design format consisting of twelve treatments and three replications. The experiment consisted of control, solid biofertilizer (50 kg ha-1), liquid biofertilizer (5 L ha-1), a combination of solid biofertilizers (50 kg ha-1) with organic ameliorants (10t ha-1) (composted straw, biochar and cow manure), a combination of liquid biofertilizer (5 L ha-1) and organic ameliorants (10 t ha-1), and each of ameliorants (10 t ha-1) independently. The results of experiment revealed that the application of solid biofertilizers and organic ameliorants significantly improved some soil biological properties (population of phosphate solubilizing microbes, N-fixing bacteria and phosphatase activity) and increased some soil chemical properties such as total N, available P, organic C and cation exchange capacity.

Ameliorant, biofertilizers, phosphatase activity, soil, microorganism.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.833544

10.18393/ejss.833544

Performance of an accelerated compost as influenced by ecological zones: A case study of derived savannah and rain forest in Nigeria

Olufemi Emmanuel AyanfeOluwa ayanfeoluwaolufemi@gmail.com

Olugbenga Oluseyi AdeOluwa

Kolapo Olatunji Oluwasemire

Rasheed Olufemi Awodoyin

111 - 122

2019-07-31

2020-11-15

2020-11-30

2021-04-01

Accelerated compost (AC) biotechnology that reduces composting time to less than one month is gradually finding its way to farmers. This study therefore evaluated the fertilizer potential of a brand of commercial AC (OBD-plus) on a degraded Alfisol in Ibadan (derived savannah) and Ultisol in Ikenne (rain forest) of Nigeria, using maize as a test crop. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were AC at 0, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg N ha-1, mineral fertilizer (NPK 15-15-15) and conventional compost (CC), each at 60 kgN/ha. Data collected on biomass yield, maize grain yield (MGY, t ha-1) and post-cropping soil chemical properties were subjected to ANOVA at α0.05. The average highest MGY from Ibadan (3.90) and Ikenne (3.86) were obtained from AC (180 kg N/ha), but these were not significantly different from other AC rates and NPK. The least MGY was obtained from control (2.1 and 2.0) which was significantly less than the CC (3.16 and 2.90). The AC improved the post-cropping soil pH, N and K. The mean MGY obtained from the six levels of AC in Ibadan; 3.44 and 3.98 t ha-1 in 2013 and 2014 were not significantly different from Ikenne (3.41 and 3.84 t ha-1). However, maize in Ibadan gave significantly higher biomass yield (19.40 t ha-1) than that of Ikenne (17.74 t ha-1) in 2013, with similar trend in 2014. Accelerated compost at 60 kg N ha-1 improved maize grain yield and post cropping soil properties in Ibadan and Ikenne, Nigeria as much as conventional compost. The performance of the accelerated compost was not location dependent in terms of MGY, but resulted in higher biomass production in the derived savannah ecology.

Accelerated compost, ecology, maize grain yield, soil fertility enhancement, Zea mays.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.837139

10.18393/ejss.837139

Partitioning of heavy metals in different particle-size fractions of soils from former mining and smelting locations in Austria

Anto Jelecevic anto.jelecevic@students.boku.ac.at

Manfred Sager

Daniel Vollprecht

Markus Puschenreiter

Peter Liebhard

123 - 131

2020-07-17

2020-11-26

2020-12-07

2021-04-01

Austrian soils from mainly historical mining and smelting sites were separated into four particle size fractions (coarse sand, fine sand, silt and clay) to distinguish the possible origins and pathways of heavy metals. Each fraction was extracted with aqua regia to determine the pseudo-total content and with CaCl2 to determine the available content of metals. The soil mineralogical composition of the < 2000 µm fraction was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In general, the concentration of heavy metals and metalloids increased as soil particle size decreased. Based on the correlations of concentrations vs. the log of the mean particle size, obtained from each fraction the presence of unweathered allochthonous minerals were especially present in samples from locations at Rabenstein for most trace elements, at Arzwaldgraben for Cd, Co, Mn and Pb, at Johnsbach for Cd, Co, Mn, Pb and Zn and at Pilgersdorf for Cr. The opposite trend was found for the samples of the industrial area of Arnoldstein, Zeltweg and Hinterlobming suggesting that their metal load was derived from the discharge of effluents or from weathered phases.

Heavy metals, minerals, soil particle size fractions, separation.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.838700

10.18393/ejss.838700

Exchangeable form of potentially toxic elements in floodplain soils along the river-marine systems of Southern Russia

Elizaveta Konstantinova

Tatiana Minkina tminkina@mail.ru

Dina Nevidomskaya

Saglara Mandzhieva

Tatiana Bauer

Marina Burachevskaya

Svetlana Sushkova

132 - 141

2020-05-11

2020-12-01

2020-12-10

2021-04-01

Large rivers and especially their deltaic parts and adjacent coastal zones are subjected to strong anthropogenic influence and are often considered as hotspots of environmental pollution. The Don River is one of the largest and most important rivers in the South of Russia. The Don River basin is a highly urbanized area with developed agriculture and industry which negatively affect water quality, aquatic ecosystems and soils. The main objectives of the proposed research were to determine the levels exchangeable form of PHEs in soils of various aquatic landscapes of the study area, as well as to reveal the relationships between the content of exchangeable PTEs and the physical–chemical properties of floodplain soils. The obtained results showed that soils of the Lower Don and Taganrog Bay coastal zone are rather contrast in terms of properties and metal contents, which indicates the variability of landscapes, natural and anthropogenic processes in the studied systems. High CV values for a number of metals such as Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr indirectly indicate strong anthropogenic influence on these environments. The group median values for extractable forms for most of the metals except for Cu and Ni were higher for urbanized areas. The results of PCA analysis showed that there are two association of metals in terms of geochemical behavior and sources. The first one included Cr-Zn-Pb-Cd, the elements of anthropogenic origin, the second Mn, Ni, and Cu, which are probably of mixed origin. The obtained results showed that the Lower Don and Taganrog Bay coastal zone is a diverse and complex system subjected to anthropogenic activities, which is pronounced in the enrichment of aquatic soils with a number of metals and higher proportions of exchangeable forms from different types of sources that likely can be of both local and whole basin scale.

Floodplain, heavy metals, Fluvisols, the Don River, Taganrog Bay, Azov Sea.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.841287

10.18393/ejss.841287

Effect of biogas waste applications on soil moisture characteristic curve and assessment of the predictive accuracy of the Van Genuchten model

Pelin Alaboz pelinalaboz@isparta.edu.tr

Sinan Demir

Orhan Dengiz

İbrahim Öz

142 - 149

2020-04-11

2020-12-05

2020-12-15

2021-04-01

Biogas production has recently become an important issue in countries where alternative energy sources are gaining importance. The study investigates the use of waste, the final product of production, as a soil conditioner and fertilizer for sustainable soil management. The study examines the effects of different amounts of biogas waste [0 (B0), 1 (B1), 2 (B2), 3 (B3) and 4 (B4) ton da-1] on some soil properties and soil moisture characteristic curve (pF). In addition, the van Genuchten model, which has been long and widely used in many studies for the prediction of hydraulic properties, was compared with the pF curves that were obtained using the predicted and real values obtained from the applications. The results of the study showed that although biogas waste applications were more effective in the wet region of the moisture characteristic curve, B3 was the most effective dose that improved the physical properties of the soil. The B4 application had a decrease of about 16% in the penetration resistance and an increase of about 21% in the wilting point compared with those of the control group. The decrease in the macro pore volume due to biogas waste applications was not statistically significant, while biogas waste applications caused a statistically significant increase in the micro pore volume (P <0.05). Among the van Genuchten model parameters, the moisture content in saturation (θS) and residual water (θr) had realistic results in all biogas waste applications. Moreover, the air entry value (1 / α) was estimated to be 41.667 cm in the B0 application and 55.556 cm in the B4 application. In conclusion, high-accuracy estimates were obtained using the van Genuchten model with a R2 value of 0.901 and root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.061 cm3 cm-3 in the moisture characteristic curve of the control (B0) soil.

Biogas waste, van Genuchten model, pF, soil physical properties.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.843861

10.18393/ejss.843861

Impact of deforestation and subsequent land-use change on soil quality

Emmanuel Amoakwah

Mohammad A. Rahman

Kwabena A. Nketia

Rousseau Djouaka

Nataliia Oleksandrivna Didenko

Khandakar R. Islam islam.27@osu.edu

150 - 160

2020-06-11

2020-11-19

2020-12-20

2021-04-01

Deforestation for conventional farming has affected soil quality (SQ) worldwide. The goal of our study was to evaluate the impact of land use change, from forest to subsistence farming, on SQ in Benin. Composite soils from forest, horticultural, agricultural, fallow, and degraded lands were collected to analyze for chemical and physical properties. Using inductive additive approach and principal component analysis (PCA), generalized (SQIg) and minimum dataset SQ (SQIMDS) indices were calculated. Results showed that upon conversion of forest, total organic carbon (TOC) decreased by more than 2 folds in fallow and degraded soils. A similar impact was observed on total nitrogen (TN). Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation (BS) were significantly higher under horticulture than in degraded lands. In contrast, carbon protection capacity (CPC) was significantly higher by 12-41% in forest soils compared to the lowest in degraded soils. Among the land uses, aggregate stability index (ASI) was, by far, the lowest (3.2%) in degraded soils and highest (7.5%) in horticulture soils. Soils under fallow and degraded lands had SQIg decreased by 5 to 16%, when compared with forest, indicating a significant SQ degradation. In contrast, SQIg under horticulture increased by 5%, suggesting a similar or even an improvement in SQ comparable to the forest. The PCA-based SQIMDS significantly and positively accounted for 70% of the variability in SQIg with a non-significant biasness (6 ± 3.8% at p<0.12). The TOC and CPC contributed most (20.9% and 21.1%) followed by clay (14.1%) and Ca+2: (Mg+2 + K+1 + Na+) (13.7%), TOC (11%), and ASI (10.5%) compared to lowest by K+ (9.7%) to account for SQIMDS variability. Our results concluded that there was no significant difference between SQIg and SQIMDS, which justified our results to use SQIMDS detecting management-induced changes in SQ.

Soil degradation, slush-burn agriculture, Carbon protection capacity, minimum dataset, Soil quality.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.859136

10.18393/ejss.859136

Performance of vermicompost in zinc and boron nutrition for quality production of cabbage

Md. Mosharaf Hossain Sarker mosharaf_soil@sau.ac.bd

Md. Abul Kashem

161 - 170

2020-02-24

2021-01-05

2021-01-12

2021-04-01

The quality and efficacy of vermicompost are greatly influenced by the respective feeding materials as well as earthworm species used in vermicomposting. Consequently, the variable role of applied vermicompost is reflected in crop production. With a view to observe the efficacy of vermicompost produced from various sources in supplementing zinc and boron requirement for quality production of cabbage, a field study was conducted in Floodplain soil of Bangladesh. Six treatment combinations comprising of vermicompost from different sources, and different levels of zinc and boron from mineral fertilizers were tested in the study. The vermicompost used in different treatments were produced from different combinations of feeding materials (cowdung and poultry litter) and earthworm species (Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae). A control treatment having no supplement of Zn and B was tested in the study. Higher measurements were recorded for most of the parameters studied, i.e., head diameter, marketable yield and total yield in the vermicompost treated plots than the solely mineral fertilizer treated plot. Except for P, the highest uptake of each of the elements by cabbage was observed due to the application of T3 treatment (VC-ECD @2.0 t ha-1 + 1.5 kg Zn ha-1 + 1.0 kg B ha-1). The findings of this research work indicate the additional benefit of using vermicompost over the mineral fertilizer in supplying zinc and boron for better production of cabbage.

Vermicompost, performance, zinc, boron, quality, cabbage

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.863606

10.18393/ejss.863606

Comparison of Fuzzy logic and Boolean methods in mapping nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients

Kazem Hashemimajd

Shaghayegh Kochakpour

Naser Davatgar

Elham Sohrabi elhamsohrabi9675@gmail.com

171 - 178

2019-09-14

2021-01-09

2021-01-18

2021-04-01

One of the approaches for increasing of yield and reduction of rice production costs is precision agriculture. Complete and correct determination of nutrition status of paddy soils is necessary in precise agriculture. To compare fuzz y and Boolean methods and mapping of nutrition status of nitrogen and phosphorus, 370 compound samples were collected from 306 ha of paddy soils of Rice Research Institute in Rasht County from plots with the dimension of 50 × 100 m. Total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents were measured. Results showed that interpolation and mapping by fuzzy logic was more accurate and correct in comparison with Boolean method and had greater distinguishing power to indicate deficiency of nutrients. Evaluation of dependency of paddy soils using of fuzzy function and Boolean method, showed that the southwest of study area have nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency and the other parts have minor limitation for these elements.

Fuzzy logic, mapping, nutrients, precision agriculture.