EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.1.001-012

10.18393/ejss.2016.1.001-012

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of chlorosulfuron in selected minerals and Pakistani soils

Khuram Ahmad

Naghmana Rashid

Sundus Azhar Sundus_azhar2001@yahoo.com

1 - 12

2015-03-17

2015-05-11

2015-05-15

2016-01-01

Sorption and desorption efficiency of Chlorosulfuron that is sulfonylurea herbicide was checked by selecting different minerals and two types of Pakistani soils that were different on spatial scale. In Pakistan, sulfonylurea herbicide is being used against wide varieties of broad leaf weeds and for some grasses as well. Results obtained after the experimental work showed that adsorption co-efficient isotherm for Chlorosulfuron in tested soils data well fitted the Freundlich equation. In all the cases, slope n

Chlorosulfuron, sorption, desorption, physicochemical properties

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.1.013-016

10.18393/ejss.2016.1.013-016

Lithium adsorption on amorphous aluminum hydroxides and gibbsite

Konstantinos Prodromou kprodrom@agro.auth.gr

13 - 16

2014-12-10

2015-06-15

2015-06-18

2016-01-01

Lithium (Li) adsorption on both amorphous aluminum hydroxides and gibbsite was studied. For the amorphous Al(OH)3 the adsorption was found to be pH dependent. Generally, 1.6 times more Li was adsorbed at initial pH value 8.0 compared with pH value 6.50. Gibbsite adsorbed 11.6 to 45.5 times less Li quantities compared with amorphous Al(OH)3. Lithium adsorption was not depended on equilibrium times. It remained stable for all equilibrium times used. Lithium quantities extracted with 1N CH3COONH4 pH 7 , represent the physical adsorption, while the remaining Li that was adsorbed on Al(OH)3, represents the chemical adsorption. During the desorption process 19% of Li extracted with NH4+, represents the physical adsorption, while the remaining 81% of Li, which was adsorbed represents the chemical adsorption. In gibbsite, 9.6% of Li represents the physical adsorption and 90.4% the chemical one. The experimental data conformed well to Freundlich isotherm equation.

Adsorption, aluminum hydroxides, desorption, lithium

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.1.017-023

10.18393/ejss.2016.1.017-023

Changes of C and N stocks in the subtropical Dianchi lake watershed in southwest China due to LUCC

Mingli Zhang

Hao Yang

Biao Xie biaox@hotmail.com

Panpan Sun

Jing Li

Jun Zou

Yanhua Wang

17 - 23

2015-03-02

2015-06-16

2015-06-19

2016-01-01

The change from forest to agricultural land in the last three decades represents a significant shift in land use in China. This study was conducted to evaluate how change from forest to greenhouse cabbage production affected soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks in surface soil. Our results showed that converting forest to greenhouse vegetable production led to increases in SOC and TN concentrations and stocks, and decreases in C:N ratio in the top soil. The accumulation rates of SOC and TN in the surface soil (0-40cm) were estimated to be 4.638 Mg ha-1 yr-1 and 1.113 Mg ha-1 yr-1 respectively, over an average period of 8 years after change of forest to greenhouse vegetable production. We conclude that greenhouse vegetable production system could be an effective strategy to improve SOC and TN stocks in the subtropical Dianchi lake watershed.

Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, land use/land cover change, Dianchi lake watershed.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.1.024-029

10.18393/ejss.2016.1.024-029

Conservation agriculture increases soil organic carbon and residual water content in upland crop production systems

Victor Ella

Manuel Reyes

Agustin Mercado, Jr.

Adrian Ares crdesf@yahoo.com

Rafael Padre

24 - 29

2015-01-02

2015-07-12

2015-07-14

2016-01-01

Conservation agriculture involves minimum soil disturbance, continuous ground cover, and diversified crop rotations or mixtures. Conservation agriculture production systems (CAPS) have the potential to improve soil quality if appropriate cropping systems are developed. In this study, five CAPS including different cropping patterns and cover crops under two fertility levels, and a plow-based system as control, were studied in a typical upland agricultural area in northern Mindanao in the Philippines. Results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) at 0- 5-cm depth for all CAPS treatments generally increased with time while SOC under the plow-based system tended to decline over time for both the high (120, 60 and 60 kg N P K ha-1) and moderate (60-30-30 kg N P K ha-1) fertility levels. The cropping system with maize + Stylosanthes guianensis in the first year followed by Stylosanthes guianensis and fallow in the second year, and the cassava + Stylosanthes guianensis exhibited the highest rate of SOC increase for high and moderate fertility levels, respectively. After one, two, and three cropping seasons, plots under CAPS had significantly higher soil residual water content (RWC) than under plow-based systems. Results of this study suggest that conservation agriculture has a positive impact on soil quality, while till systems negatively impact soil characteristics.

Upland agriculture, soil quality, climate change adaptation, cropping systems

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.1.030-038

10.18393/ejss.2016.1.030-038

Predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity using soil morphological properties

Gülay Karahan gkarahan03@gmail.com

Sabit Erşahin

30 - 38

2015-04-02

2015-08-13

2015-08-14

2016-01-01

Many studies have been conducted to predict soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) by parametric soil properties such as bulk density and particle-size distribution. Although soil morphological properties have a strong effect on Ks, studies predicting Ks by soil morphological properties such as type, size, and strength of soil structure; type, orientation and quantity of soil pores and roots and consistency are rare. This study aimed at evaluating soil morphological properties to predict Ks. Undisturbed soil samples (15 cm length and 8.0 cm id.) were collected from topsoil (0-15 cm) and subsoil (15-30 cm) (120 samples) with a tractor operated soil sampler at sixty randomly selected sampling sites on a paddy field and an adjecent grassland in Central Anatolia (Cankırı), Turkey. Synchronized disturbed soil samples were taken from the same sampling sites and sampling depths for basic soil analyses. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured on the soil columns using a constant-head permeameter. Following the Ks measurements, the upper part of soil columns were covered to prevent evaporation and colums were left to drain in the laboratory. When the water flow through the column was stopped, a subsample were taken for bulk density and then soil columns were disturbed for describing the soil morphological properties. In addition, soil texture, bulk density, pH, field capacity, wilting point, cation exchange capacity, specific surface area, aggregate stability, organic matter, and calcium carbonate were measured on the synchronized disturbed soil samples. The data were divided into training (80 data values) and validation (40 data values) sets. Measured values of Ks ranged from 0.0036 to 2.14 cmh-1 with a mean of 0.86 cmh-1. The Ks was predicted from the soil morphological and parametric properties by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Soil structure class, stickiness, pore-size, root-size, and pore-quantity contributed to the Ks prediction significantly (P

Saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil morphological properties, multiple linear regression, pedotra

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.1.039-046

10.18393/ejss.2016.1.039-046

Seed germination and seedling growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as influenced by magnetized saline water

Fateme Aghamir

Hosseinali Bahrami bahramih@modares.ac.ir

Mohammad Malakouti

Saeid Eshghi

Foroud Sharifi

39 - 46

2015-04-13

2015-08-18

2015-08-21

2016-01-01

Magnetized water is considered eco-friendly physical presowing seed germination.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of magnetized watertreatments on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) germination under saline conditions (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 120 mM NaCl). This experiment was performed as factorial in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The results revealed that the roots and shoots length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots and roots to shoots ratio, chlorophyll content index, water uptake, tissue water contentwere significantly affected by magnetized water.Irrigation with magnetized water significantly increased the physiologic factors such as germination percentage and index, vigor index and salt tolerance index, compared to untreated control seeds.Mean germination time and parameters T1, T10, T25, T50and T90 (required time for germination of one to 90 percent of seeds) were reduced significantly in all magnetized water treated plants in comparison to control.The results also demonstrated that magnetized water was conducive to promote the growth of bean seedlings under saline conditions.

Chlorophyll content index, physiological parameters, salinity, vigor index

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.1.047-052

10.18393/ejss.2016.1.047-052

Response of earthworm’s biomass and soil properties in different afforested type areas in the North Iran

Mahmoud Radaei mah_radaei@yahoo.com

Masomeh Izadi

47 - 52

2015-03-14

2015-08-19

2015-08-21

2016-01-01

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of spruce (Picea abies), alder (Alnus subcordata), and spruce with alder and maple (Picea abies with Alnus Subcordata and Acer cappadocicum) plantations on the soil properties and earthworm’s abundance and biomass in the Lajim, north of Iran. Soil sampling with 50 × 50 cm samples to 50 cm depth in the studied stands was conducted in order to measure soil and earthworm abundance and biomass. Soil texture, C, N, pH, K, and P were measured in all samples in the laboratory. Earthworm’s abundance was measured by handpicked and dried for 48 h at 60 °C and then the biomass was measured per unit area. The results showed that the percentage of organic carbon, N, and C/N ratio reached the climax and acidity had the lowest value in spruce stand, and K was significantly higher in alder stand. The maximum and minimum abundance of earthworms was observed in alder and spruce stands, respectively. The results of this study support the effects of plantations on soil properties, earthworm abundance, and biomass.

Alder, earthworms, plantation, soil, spruce

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.1.053-061

10.18393/ejss.2016.1.053-061

Growth and yield response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to tillage and row spacing in maize-wheat cropping system in semi-arid region

Shafaqat Ali shafaqataligill@yahoo.com

Muhammad Ibin-i Zamir

Mujahid Farid

Muhammad Farooq

Muhammad Rizwan

Rehan Ahmad

Fakhir Hannan

53 - 61

2015-08-13

2015-09-16

2015-09-18

2016-01-01

Tillage practices and row spacing can be manipulated to optimize spatial distribution and plant growth, therefore maximizing sunlight, soil water use efficiency, nutrients and grain yield on sustainable basis. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of tillage and row spacing on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during wheat season. The treatments were comprised of two tillage practices viz. zero tillage and conventional tillage and four row spacing viz. 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm. The experimental results revealed that zero tillage significantly enhanced the plant height, tillers m-2, spike length, 1000 kernel weight and yield and yield components of wheat plants as compared to conventional tillage. Wheat plants resulted in a significant increase in tillers m-2 and accumulated higher biomass and grain yield under 15-cm row spacing than all three other row spacing. The grain yield increase was mainly attributed to more tillers m-2 at 15-cm than the other row spacing. So, zero tillage and narrow row spacing (15 cm) proved to be involved in higher wheat yield for the wheat-maize cropping system in semi-arid regions.

Grain, growth, maize, tillage, wheat, yield

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.1.062-073

10.18393/ejss.2016.1.062-073

Comparison of kriging interpolation precision between grid sampling scheme and simple random sampling scheme for precision agriculture

Jiang Houlong

Wang Daibin

Xu Chen jhl513@163.com

Liu Shuduan

Wang Hongfeng

Yang Chao

Li Najia

Chen Yiyin

Geng Lina

62 - 73

2015-08-13

2015-09-18

2015-09-20

2016-01-01

Sampling methods are important factors that can potentially limit the accuracy of predictions of spatial distribution patterns. A 10 ha tobacco-planted field was selected to compared the accuracy in predicting the spatial distribution of soil properties by using ordinary kriging and cross validation methods between grid sampling and simple random sampling scheme (SRS). To achieve this objective, we collected soil samples from the topsoil (0-20 cm) in March 2012. Sample numbers of grid sampling and SRS were both 115 points each. Accuracies of spatial interpolation using the two sampling schemes were then evaluated based on validation samples (36 points) and deviations of the estimates. The results suggested that soil pH and nitrate-N (NO3-N) had low variation, whereas all other soil properties exhibited medium variation. Soil pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) matched the spherical model, whereas the remaining variables fit an exponential model with both sampling methods. The interpolation error of soil pH, TP, and AP was the lowest in SRS. The errors of interpolation for OM, CEC, TN, available potassium (AK) and total potassium (TK) were the lowest for grid sampling. The interpolation precisions of the soil NO3-N showed no significant differences between the two sampling schemes. Considering our data on interpolation precision and the importance of minerals for cultivation of flue-cured tobacco, the grid-sampling scheme should be used in tobacco-planted fields to determine the spatial distribution of soil properties. The grid-sampling method can be applied in a practical and cost-effective manner to facilitate soil sampling in tobacco-planted field.

Grid sampling scheme, Interpolation precision, simple random sampling scheme, precision agriculture

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.1.074-083

10.18393/ejss.2016.1.074-083

The effect of zeolite and some plant residues on soil organic carbon changes in density and soluble fractions: Incubation study

Milad Mirzaei Aminiyan miladmir67@yahoo.com

Ali Sinegani

Mohsen Sheklabadi

74 - 83

2015-08-27

2015-10-12

2015-10-13

2016-01-01

Organic carbon (OC) fractions play an important role in soil and many ecosystem processes. This study focuses on changing of OC in different fractions in a soil treated with different levels of zeolite and plant residue that incubated for 90 days. The results showed that the amounts of light fraction (LF) and heavy fraction (HF) increased with increasing the percentage of zeolite and plant residues in the soil. The highest amounts of LF (22.7 g LF. Kg-1Soil) and HF (26.7 g. Kg-1Soil) were found when 30% zeolite, 5% wheat and alfalfa straws was added to the soil respectively. Accordingly, wheat straw and alfalfa straw were effective for increasing the LF and HF respectively. However they declined with decreasing the OC from the 1st day of experiment until the 90th day of experiment. Soluble OC in hot (2.80 g. Kg-1Soil) and cool (2.25 g. Kg-1Soil) water fractions increased with the addition of 30% zeolite and 5% plant residues particularly alfalfa straw in comparison with control. Although they increased after 30 days of starting incubation but, then they decreased in the continuation of the experiment. In fact, OC contents in density and soluble fractions increased with application and addition of 30% zeolite and 5% plant residues into the soil; however they decreased after 30 days of incubation with decreasing the OC. The findings of this research revealed the application of zeolite and plant residues improved carbon pools in density and soluble fractions and carbon sequestration increase by increasing the OC contents in soil.

Alfalfa straw, wheat straw, light fraction, heavy fraction, hot water, cool water