EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1365143

10.18393/ejss.1365143

Tomato varieties superiority assessment under organic and inorganic (granular and foliar) fertilization in sandy clay soil

Agborante Agbor Tambe

Priscilla Mebong Mfombep

Defang Taku Julie

Leonel Enow Egbe

Pascal Tabi Tabot

Orhan Dengiz

David Tavi Agbor agbordavid9@gmail.com

1 - 9

2023-02-06

2023-09-10

2023-09-23

2024-01-01

Tomato is valued for its nutritional importance and contribution to countries' GDP. Despite the importance of tomatoes, tomato cultivation remains a challenge in some cities, particularly Kumba, Cameroon. This results from a vast knowledge gap for a suitable variety and agronomic management practices. Thus this work was set out to investigate the response of three tomato varieties under organic, foliar, and granular inorganic fertilization at the Kumba I subdivision. This work comprised two factors; variety having three levels (Cobra F1, Rio Grande, and Kiara tomato varieties) and fertilization having four levels (control, NPK 20:10:10 granular fertilizer, Foliar NPK 20:10:10 inorganic fertilizer, and Poultry manure) given twelve treatment combinations replicated three times randomly in a factorial design. Data was collected on soil physicochemical properties, plant growth parameters and fruit yield. The results showed that the variety did not significantly affect soil physicochemical properties, but soil physicochemical properties were significantly affected by fertilization. Poultry manure had the best OC (5.22 %), Ntot (1.73 g/kg), and Pavail (14.63 mg/kg), while K was highest (2.93 meq/100g) in NPK 20:10:10 granular fertilization. Rio grande, in combination with poultry manure, had the best plant growth; plant height (77.3 cm), number of branches (17), number of leaves (197), and leaf area (47.1 cm2). Cobra F1, in combination with foliar NPK 20:10:10 granular and poultry manure, had the best fruit yield; 13.42 tha-1 and 13.56 tha-1, respectively while Kiara variety at the control treatment had the lowest yield (8.36 tha-1). Thus Cobra F1 variety in combination with poultry manure yielded the best result from this study and offers the best option for tomato cultivation in the sandy clay soils of Kumba, Cameroon.

Soil fertility, varieties, synthetic fertilizer, yield.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1365149

10.18393/ejss.1365149

Assessment of soil properties and trace element accumulation in arid regions: A case study of Kalmykia's central dry steppe zone, Russia

Raisa Mukabenova rvishnu@sfedu.ru

Saglara Mandzhieva

Vishnu D. Rajput

Aleksey Buluktaev

Inna Zamulina

Altana Adyanova

Nikita Dzhimbeev

Vasiliy Sayanov

Sudhir S. Shende

Anatoly Barakhov

Svetlana Sushkova

10 - 19

2023-02-11

2023-09-15

2023-09-23

2014-01-01

Soil plays a pivotal role in ecosystem health and agricultural productivity. This study focuses on a critical region for soil research, Kalmykia's central dry steppe zone in southern Russia, characterized by arid conditions and unique challenges. Our investigation aimed to evaluate the current state of soil properties and assess trace element accumulation within this environment. The region's distinctive characteristics, including being home to Europe's first desert, present a complex scenario for soil conservation and management. A thorough analysis of key physicochemical properties, including organic matter content, soil texture, pH levels, and the concentrations of trace elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Pb) using established methodologies, was conducted. Our findings revealed several crucial insights into the soil conditions of this arid region. Soil samples predominantly consisted of Haplic Kastanozems Sodic, characterized by low organic carbon content (0.3-1.9%). Soil texture analysis indicated a predominantly light and medium loamy granulometric composition with a prevalence of sandy fractions. Soil pH values ranged from neutral (pH = 7.6-7.9) to slightly alkaline (pH = 8.0-8.4). Furthermore, the study provided the first assessment of soil conditions in residential areas of the Caspian Lowland's arid region. Notably, trace element analysis showed elevated concentrations of several metals, with Sr having the highest levels. Co, Cr, and Zn concentrations did not significantly increase compared to the background values. The results of this soil fertility evaluation hold significance for soil restoration and conservation efforts in this unique and fragile ecosystem. In conclusion, this study underscores the urgent need for soil monitoring and management practices to address soil degradation and desertification driven by overgrazing and erosion. Understanding the physicochemical properties and trace element dynamics in arid regions is essential for developing strategies to restore and conserve these valuable soils.

Haplic Kastanozems Sodic, humus, soil texture, soil pH, trace elements, X-ray fluorescent.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1375467

10.18393/ejss.1375467

Early seedling features and mineral content of maize seeds grown under salinity stress

Aigerim Bakirova

Mehmet Sait Kiremit

Hakan Arslan hakan.arslan@omu.edu.tr

20 - 25

2023-05-15

2023-10-08

2023-10-13

2024-01-01

High seedling performance is crucial for the growth and development of plants, as it directly affects the potential for crop yield. Therefore, robust early seedling characteristics can lead to higher yields and better crop productivity. This work evaluated the early seedling characteristics of maize seeds grown under four irrigation water salinities (0.30, 1.5, 3.5, and 7 dS m-1). For this purpose, maize plants were grown to maturity in pots under rain shelter conditions, and then maize seeds were harvested. Subsequently, the maize seeds germinated to determine the early seedling characteristics, the leaf's Na+, Ca+2, K+ content, and the K+/ Na+, Ca+2/ Na+. The results showed that irrigation of maize crops at 7.0 dS m-1 reduced seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, and SPAD parameters by 46.9%, 78.1%, and 38.7%, respectively, compared to 0.30 dS m-1. Irrigation of maize plants with 8.0 dS m-1 significantly hampered the reusability of maize seeds and decreased seedling height (7.81 cm), root dry weight (0.13 g), and root length (5.5 cm). Moreover, the highest ratios of K+/Na+ (12.58) and Ca+2/Na+ (3.46) ratios and the lowest leaf Na+ content (0.24%) of maize seedlings were found in 0.30 dS m-1 treatment. Based on the results, it could be suggested that the reusability of maize seeds, which irrigation maize crops with ≥ 3.5 dS m-1 saline water, is not recommended for sustainable maize production due to low seedling growth performance. Finally, the current study has the potential to provide important insights into identifying robust and healthy maize seeds grown in high-salinity environments.

Salinity stress, maize germination, seed quality, seedling growth.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1380500

10.18393/ejss.1380500

Optimal timing of satellite data acquisition for estimating and modeling soil salinity in cotton fields of the Mingbulak District, Uzbekistan

Shovkat Kholdorov sh.m.xoldorov@gmail.com

Zafarjon Jabbarov

Tomoaki Yamaguchi

Megumi Yamashita

Tulkin Shamsiddinov

Keisuke Katsura

26 - 34

2023-05-18

2023-10-09

2023-10-24

2024-01-01

Agriculture is frequently hampered by soil salinity, which has a negative impact on crop growth and yield. This study aims to identify the optimal timing of satellite data acquisition to predict soil salinity levels indirectly using satellite images in cotton growth fields as a basis. Data was collected in the Mingbulak district of Uzbekistan, where soil electrical conductivity (EC) was measured in a laboratory using soil samples collected from various fields with similar management practices. In this research, we present a linear regression model that uses satellite data and the Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI) to forecast soil salinity levels indirectly. The results of the linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the soil electrical conductivity values and the NDSI values for each month, with August having the highest correlation (R2 = 0.70). The study found that the cotton growth stages and the process of soil salinity formation in the study area were the main factors affecting the correlation between electrical conductivity and NDSI. The model developed in this study has R2 value of 0.70. This suggests a moderate to strong relationship between the two variables, which is promising for the indirect assessment of soil salinity using the NDSI index. The study discovered a positive relationship between soil electrical conductivity and NDSI values, which were highest in pre-flowering and flowering stages of cotton. Our findings show that satellite-based estimation and modeling with NDSI can be used to indirectly assess cotton field soil salinity, especially during the pre-flowering and flowering stages. This study contributes to the development of optimal satellite data acquisition timing, which can improve soil salinity predictions and agricultural productivity.

Cotton, index, soil, salinity, satellite image.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1387017

10.18393/ejss.1387017

Impact of tillage and crop rotations on soil organic matter content in Northern Kazakhstan's chernozem soils: A 10-year study (2011-2021)

Niyazbek Kalimov kalimov@list.ru

Konstantin Bodryy

Evgeniya Shilo

Damir Kaldybaev

Mariya Bodraya

35 - 42

2023-04-01

2023-10-25

2023-11-06

2024-01-01

This extensive 10-year study conducted in Northern Kazakhstan investigates the intricate relationship between soil management techniques, crop rotations, and soil organic matter (SOM) content in Chernozem soils, an essential agricultural resource in the region. The experiments were established at the Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station, characterized by a arid continental climate. The study systematically examined the impact of two primary soil management techniques, conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), in combination with various crop rotations. The crop rotations tested included grain-fallow rotations, fruit-exchange crop rotations, and an eight-field fruit-exchange crop rotation. The results provide valuable insights into the sustainable management of Chernozem soils in arid conditions, underscoring the role of crop rotation strategies in preserving SOM content. The findings reveal that among the crop rotations tested, the eight-field fruit-exchange crop rotation exhibited the most favorable outcomes for SOM preservation. This rotation helped maintain relatively stable SOM levels over the 10-year study period, contributing to soil health and fertility. In the context of the region's arid climate, the choice of soil management technique (CT or NT) had a limited impact on SOM content. The stability of SOM levels across diverse crop rotations and years highlights the dominant influence of crop management practices in this distinctive agricultural environment. This research serves as a valuable reference for tailored approaches to ensure soil health and organic matter preservation in the unique conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. It promotes the adoption of diversified crop rotations, with particular emphasis on the effectiveness of the eight-field fruit-exchange crop rotation, as a powerful strategy to mitigate organic matter loss, enhance soil quality, and optimize soil fertility in arid agricultural landscapes. The insights gained from this study are vital for sustainable land management in the region and underscore the importance of region-specific, holistic investigations to guide effective agricultural practices. The findings offer a solid foundation for the development of strategies that address soil health and safeguard the integrity of essential soil resources in these unique environments. The study conducted at the Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station in Northern Kazakhstan between 2011 and 2021 provides critical insights into the relationship between soil management techniques, crop rotations, and SOM content in Chernozem soils. The research suggests that diversified crop rotations, particularly the eight-field fruit-exchange crop rotation, represent a promising approach for mitigating organic matter loss and enhancing soil quality in arid regions.

Chernozem soils, soil organic matter, soil management techniques, crop rotations, tillage.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1390588

10.18393/ejss.1390588

Improving the growth of Glycyrrhiza Glabra L. in saline soils using bioagent seed treatments

Botir Khaitov b.khaitov@biosaline.org.ae

Nauruzbay Tadjetdinov

Obidjon Sindarov

Jamila Khaitbaeva

Alisher Sayimbetov

Obid Khakberdiev

Tulkin Nematov

43 - 51

2023-07-13

2023-11-06

2023-11-14

2024-01-01

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), known for its salt and drought tolerance, presents a potential solution for addressing soil salinity and desertification challenges in arid areas. Since the natural habitat of this plant is dwindling sharply in the Aral Sea regions due to negative human interventions, so it is vital to create production technologies with biological means. This study determined the agronomic characteristics of licorice when bioagents i.e. Geohumate, Aminomax and Caliphos were used as a seed treatment. Results showed that the application of these biostimulators significantly improved seed germination and plant growth compared to the control. Especially the effect was more pronounced with Geohumate as the seed germination increased by 36.4%, whereas the impacts of Aminomax and Caliphos were 17.5% and 12.4% higher, respectively as compared to the control group. Likewise, under the open-field condition, plant growth and development were greater with the bioagent applications. In regards the root biomass, the highest record with a 29.1% increase was achieved after the Geogumat treatment, while Aminomax and Caliphos applications exhibited 24.4 and 23.9% higher values, respectively as compared to the control values. The amounts of ash, glycyrrhizic acid, extractive compounds and flavonoids were increased by 26.5%, 22.0, 9.4% and 10.4%, respectively, compared to the respective control values due to the positive effect of the Geogumat treatment. Furthermore, the improved organic and chemical contents of soil were explained by the bioremediation functions of licorice plus bioagents efficiency. Using bioagents in licorice production could be a valuable approach for maintaining ecosystem function and stability in saline lands.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.), seed treatment, bio-agents, saline soil, seed germination, growth dynamics, root yield.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1394446

10.18393/ejss.1394446

Enhancing iron concentration in bread wheat through Fe-EDTA fortification

Saleem Maseeh Bhatti smbhatti@sau.edu.pk

Zulfiqar Ali Mari

Zohaib Ur Rehman Bughio

Nizamuddin Depar

Inayatullah Rajpar

Muhammad Asif Siddiqui

Iqra Sultan Rajput

52 - 58

2023-06-11

2023-11-16

2023-11-22

2024-01-01

Iron (Fe) malnutrition in humans is a global concern which can be revised by improved Fe density in staple crops. A field experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of chelated iron on growth, yield and iron concentration in bread wheat (cv. Moomal) at Tando Jam Pakistan. The treatments included, Control (No Fe-EDTA), Soil supplement of Fe-EDTA (@ 2 kg Fe ha-1), Soil + foliar supplement of Fe-EDTA (@ 2 kg ha-1 and 0.2% Fe at booting, flowering, and milky stage), and Foliar supplement of Fe-EDTA (@ 0.2% Fe at booting, flowering and milky stages). The defined growth and yield traits of wheat were increased with Fe-EDTA applications over control treatment. Among different Fe-EDTA application methods, there was no significant difference for most of the growth and yield parameters (excluding spike length, number of spikelets spike-1, and 1000 grain weight). The amount of Fe in wheat grains was significantly higher in all Fe-EDTA treatments over control, with maximum value (86.54 ± 5.57 mg kg-1) in the treatment where Fe-EDTA was applied in soil + foliar. Similarly, a high Fe build up in surface soil was obtained with treatment of Fe-EDTA in soil + foliar. Overall, with various Fe-EDTA treatments, an increase of 21.2 to 29.1% in grain yield and 1.9 to 4.3 times in Fe concentration of wheat grains was achieved in current study. It is suggested that the Fe should be included in wheat production technology to attain better yield and Fe concentration in grains.

Fe-EDTA, Fe-malnutrition, biofortification, wheat production, Fe fertilization.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1396572

10.18393/ejss.1396572

Improving microbial properties in Psamments with mycorrhizal fungi, amendments, and fertilizer

Aktavia Herawati aktavia_h@staff.uns.ac.id

Mujiyo

Widyatmani Sih Dewi

Jauhari Syamsiyah

Muhammad Rizky Romadhon

59 - 69

2023-07-15

2023-11-23

2023-11-27

2024-01-01

Psamments is sandy soil with a texture class of fine loamy sand or coarser in all layers, deposited sands such as dunes in beach lands with low soil biological fertility. Adding mycorrhizal, soil amendments, and inorganic fertilizers could improve soil fertility. This research aimed to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal, soil amendments, and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), and root infections in Psamments. This research was a pot experimental in screenhouse, arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with three factors: three of mycorrhizal doses, M0 = 0 spore pot-1, M1 = 3 spores pot-1 and M2 = 6 spores pot-1; three types of soil amendments, P0 = non amendment, P1 = cow dung 60 t ha-1, P2 = rice husk biochar (RHB) 25 t ha-1; and two doses of inorganic fertilizer, A0 = 0 kg ha-1, A1 = 100 kg ha-1 NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer, replied three times. The results showed that mycorrhizal combination with RHB and inorganic fertilizer increased MBC up to 23 times than control. The combination of mycorrhizal-cow dung-inorganic fertilizer was the highest of total-GRSP (4.4 times) and mycorrhizal dose 6 spores pot-1 with both amendments and inorganic fertilizer increase root infection up to 90%. It was proven that mycorrhizal with soil amendments and inorganic fertilizers could improve the microbial properties of Psamments.

Cow dung, low fertility, rice husk biochar, soil organic, total GRSP.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1399553

10.18393/ejss.1399553

Soil fertility status, productivity challenges, and solutions in rice farming landscapes of Azerbaijan

Tariverdi İslamzade islamzade@yahoo.com

Deyanet Baxishov

Alovsat Guliyev

Rıdvan Kızılkaya

Rahila İslamzade

Abdurrahman Ay

Sultan Huseynova

Mirvari Mammadova

70 - 78

2023-07-11

2023-11-30

2023-12-03

2024-01-01

Rice, a fundamental staple globally, plays a pivotal role in addressing food security and nutrition. This study explores the intricate interplay between soil characteristics, productivity challenges, and solutions in Azerbaijan's rice farming landscapes, acknowledging the agricultural importance of rice and its contribution to human nutrition. This study aims to assess the physical and chemical properties of soil samples from Azerbaijan's rice cultivation areas, with a focus on nutrient content and the identification of elements limiting productivity and plant nutrition. By synthesizing these perspectives, the study enriches the understanding of the complex relationship between soil fertility class and rice productivity, offering insights for sustainable rice farming. Soil samples were collected from representative rice fields across Azerbaijan and analyzed for various parameters, including soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and nutrient content. The soil sampling and preparation process maintained the integrity of collected samples, providing a reliable basis for scientific analysis. The results reveal diverse soil properties, with clayey texture prevailing. Soil acidity, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies pose challenges, emphasizing the need for corrective measures. The majority of soils exhibit unsuitable pH levels and elevated sodium content, necessitating interventions such as soil acidification and sodicity remediation. Soil salinity issues highlight the importance of drainage and leaching practices. Low organic matter and nutrient deficiencies, particularly zinc and manganese, underscore the need for targeted interventions, including foliar applications. Overall, Azerbaijan's rice-cultivated areas face challenges related to soil fertility, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies, impacting productivity. Corrective measures, such as soil reclamation, proper fertilization, and foliar applications, are crucial for enhancing crop yields. The study contributes valuable insights for local practices and the broader global pursuit of sustainable rice farming, emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies in addressing specific regional challenges.

Rice, Soil, Fertility, Salinity, Azerbaijan, Sustainability

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1399856

10.18393/ejss.1399856

Enhancing phosphorus use efficiency in wheat grown on alkaline calcareous soils

Muhammad Abbas abbasbhr@nia.org.pk

Muhammad Irfan

Javaid Ahmed Shah

Niaz Ali Sial

Nizamuddin Depar

79 - 88

2023-08-16

2023-11-30

2023-12-04

2024-01-01

Phosphorus (P) use efficiency is crucial for sustainable wheat production, particularly on alkaline calcareous soils. This study investigates the relative importance of two factors; P acquisition efficiency (PAE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE), in determining P use efficiency (PUE) in wheat. A field trial with ten wheat genotypes was conducted under two P levels (no P application and P application at 110 kg P2O5 ha−1). Results revealed significant genetic variability in PUE, PAE, and PUtE among wheat genotypes under varying P availabilities. Genotypes MK-4 and MK-8 exhibited superior PUE, making them ideal candidates for soils with differing P levels. PAE played a more substantial role in influencing PUE, with PUtE contributing less to the variability. The findings underscore the importance of improving PAE, particularly for wheat genotypes grown in P-deficient conditions. Moreover, selecting genotypes with lower grain P concentration can enhance PUtE, contributing to improved PUE. These insights can improve breeding efforts and crop management practices to enhance P use efficiency in wheat, ultimately reducing production costs and fertilizer demand, especially in P-limited alkaline calcareous soils.

Alkaline-calcareous soil, P acquisition efficiency, P utilization efficiency, P use efficiency, wheat genotypes.