EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1177672

10.18393/ejss.1177672

Role of sorbents in early growth of barley under copper and benzo(a)pyrene contaminated soils

Anatoly Barakhov tolik.barakhov@mail.ru

Natalia Chernikova

Tamara Dudnikova

Andrey Barbashev

Svetlana Sushkova

Saglara Mandzhieva

Vishnu Rajput

Rıdvan Kızılkaya

Elizaveta Konstantinova

Dmitry Bren

Tatiana Minkina

1-9

2022-04-17

2022-09-09

2022-09-20

2023-01-01

In modern economic and industrial realities, agricultural lands are often located next to industrial areas, which leads to soil contamination and, as a result, agricultural products with pollutants. Pollution of soils and plants by several pollutants of various nature has acquired huge proportions. There is a threat of migration of dangerous ecotoxicants, including heavy metals and benz[a]pyrene, one of the main persistent compounds, a marker of PAH soil contamination, along trophic chains that may be dangerous to public health. This study examines the use of various types of mineral sorbents (Tripoli, Brown coal, Diatomite) and mineral sorbents (Biochar, Granular activated coal) to reduce the toxic effects of pollutants on the sources of anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adjacent to the sources. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the sorbents have a high specific surface area. With the help of phytotesting in combined contaminated soils, the optimal dose of sorbent administration was determined at the level of 1% and 2% for various pollution variants. In addition, the analyzed sorbents are ordered by the effect of reducing the phytotoxicity of combined soil pollution. It was found that the introduction of sorbents into contaminated soil contributed to an increase in the morphometric parameters of the test culture - barley (Hordeum sativum distichum), which confirms the effectiveness of the sorption remediation of jointly contaminated soils with heavy metals and benz(a)pyrene.

Heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, remediation, sorbents, biochar, germination energy.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1177712

10.18393/ejss.1177712

Components and their assessment in different biogas slurries for enhanced waste management

Ayten Namlı

Hanife Akça

Muhittin Onur Akça moakca@ankara.edu.tr

10-18

2022-01-25

2022-09-07

2022-09-20

2023-01-01

In this study, liquid fermented wastes from 15 licensed biogas plants located within different regions of Türkiye were determined and the parameters that are important to waste management evaluations were revealed. Accordingly, some physical, chemical, and biological analyses include moisture, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), pH, EC, total N, P, K, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, E.coli O157:H7, and Enterobacteria were conducted. Spearman’s correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship among the results, and a regression analysis was conducted to reveal the effect of the results on each other. In the wastes, DM values were between 0.53-9.71%, OM values were between 0.53-7.76%, N contents were between 0.10-0.74%, P contents were between 0.04-0.22%, K contents were between 0.15-0.56%, EC values were between 1.50-6.51 dSm-1, B contents were between 16.96-34.63 mg kg-1, and Na contents were between 0.11-0.40%. A correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship of OM and DM to other parameters. OM content had a significant correlation with N (73.9%), P (80.4%9, Fe (71.4%), Mn (75.7%), EC (53.2%), K (60.7%), and Mg at 72.1%. The DM contents had a significant correlation with N (68.2%), P (95.4%), Cu (60.0%), Fe (88.2%), Mn (94.3%), Zn (67.5%), EC (76.1%), K (81.4%), and Mg at 83.9%. A significant regression model and the variances of DM and OM variables were 37.8 and 24.8% for N (%), 61.7 and 31.5% for P (%), 53.9 and 22.4% for K (%), 46.6 and 23.8% for Ca (%), and 70.0 and 45.7% for Mg (%), respectively. Finally, these observations should be used to demonstrate the usability of liquid fermented wastes for agricultural purposes.

Biogas, slurry, dry matter, organic matter, correlation, regression.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1181205

10.18393/ejss.1181205

Seasonal fluctuations in phthalates’ contamination in pond water: A case study

Sneh Rajput

Arpna Kumari

Ritika Sharma

Vishnu D. Rajput

Tatiana Minkina

Saroj Arora

Rajinder Kaur rajinder.botenv@gndu.ac.in

19-27

2022-05-09

2022-09-07

2022-09-28

2023-01-01

Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, reported to cause deformities and reproductive damages in animals. Numerous studies reported the presence of phthalates in water samples of rivers, wetlands, and estuaries, while the scenario in case of ponds is different, however they are reported as an integral part of biosphere. In this study, the level of phthalates’ contamination in the water samples collected from the different ponds of Amritsar district for four consecutive seasons in two years was analysed. The maximal level of phthalate contamination was found in samples collected during the monsoon season (July 2015) of first year of sampling followed by post-monsoon (October 2015) and winter season (January 2016). S8 sampling site was found to be the most phthalate contaminated site followed by S1=S11>S2=S9=S4=S5=S7>S6=S3>S10. Benzyl butyl phthalate was most abundant (found in 32% water samples) followed by di-n-butyl and dimethyl phthalate, while diallyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate were not detected. The two main drivers for these seasonal variations were observed to be temperature and precipitation. Hence, this data will be useful to explain the temporal and spatial distributions of phthalates in aquatic ecosystem, as well as to devise cost-effective ways to reduce their ecological footprints.

Ponds, endocrine disruptor, plasticizers, priority contaminants, HPLC analysis.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1182338

10.18393/ejss.1182338

Pores distribution influences the soil microorganism's response to changes in temperature and moisture

Efraín Francisco Visconti-Moreno efrainfranciscovm@ufps.edu.co

Ibonne Geaneth Valenzuela-Balcázar

28-36

2022-01-28

2022-09-22

2022-09-30

2023-01-01

Microorganisms are an essential fraction of soil organic matter, which presence and activity depend directly on soil physical conditions. This study aimed to address the effect of soil temperature and moisture under contrasting macroporosity conditions on soil biological properties. Soil physical-chemical characterization implicated the collection of composite samples and undisturbed surface soil samples (0 to 10 cm). Also, samples of undisturbed surface soil were extracted in 40 polyvinyl chloride cylinders of 18 cm diameter and 20 cm height for the arrangement of soil mesocosm as the experimental units of a completely randomized experiment with a 2x2x3 factorial arrangement. The experiment duration was 21 days, and the soil biological properties measured were microbial biomass (MB) and soil respiration (SR). Macroporosity showed a significant effect on MB, which indicates that aeration pore influences the number of microorganisms in the soil; for the SR, the macroporosity had a not significant effect. The temperature at the ranges established in the experiment did not significantly affect MB, whereas a highly significant effect of temperature over SR was observed. A highly significant effect of soil moisture was observed on MB and SR. Macroporosity, moisture, and temperature are determining factors in the presence of soil microorganisms, both directly and through the interaction between them. Herein the microorganisms have a wide range of thermal adaptation, and the effect of soil temperature can boost soil microorganisms. In turn, it was observed that the microorganisms present are significantly sensitive to the moisture deficit in soil.

Microbial biomass, soil respiration, biological degradation, physical properties, climate change.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1183524

10.18393/ejss.1183524

Identification of species of the genus Quercus L. with different responses to soil and climatic conditions according to hyperspectral survey data

Pavel Dmitriev

Boris Kozlovsky

Anastasiya Dmitrieva

Vladimir Lysenko

Vasily Chokheli

Tatiana Minkina

Saglara Mandzhieva

Svetlana Sushkova terra_rossa@mail.ru

Tatyana Varduni

37-62

2022-05-15

2022-10-01

2022-10-03

2023-01-01

Soil standing may be studied indirectly using remote sensing through an assessment of state of the plants growing on it. The ability to evaluate the physiological state of plants using the hyperspectral survey data also provides a tool to characterize vegetation cover and individual samples of woody plants. In the present work the hyperspectral imaging was applied to identify the species of the woody plants evaluating the differences in their physiological state. Samples of Quercus macrocarpa Michx., Q. robur L. and Q. rubra L. were studied using Cubert UHD-185 hyperspectral camera over five periods with an interval of 7-10 days. In total, 80 vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated. Sample sets of values of VIs were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF) methods. It was shown using the ANOVA, that the following VIs are the most dependent on the species affiliation of the samples: Carter2, Carter3, Carter4, CI, CI2, CRI4, Datt, Datt2, GMI2, Maccioni, mSR2, MTCI, NDVI2, OSAVI2, PRI, REP_Li, SR1, SR2, SR6, Vogelmann, Vogelmann2, Vogelmann4. VIs that are effective for the separation of oak species, were also revealed using the DT method – these are Boochs, Boochs2, CARI, CRI1, CRI3, D1, D2, Datt, Datt3; Datt4, Datt5, DD, DDn, EGFN, Gitelson, MCARI2, MTCI, MTVI, NDVI3, PRI, PSND, PSRI, RDVI, REP_Li, SPVI, SR4, Vogelmann, Vogelmann2, Vogelmann3. PCA and RF methods reliably differentiated Q. rubra from Q. robur and Q. macrocarpa. Q. rubra, unlike other species, was under stress from the impact of soil pH against the background of drought. This was manifested in leaf chlorosis. Influence of the environmental stress factors on the reliability and efficiency of species identification was demonstrated. Q. robur and Q. macrocarpawere were poorly separated by PCA and RF methods all over the five periods of the experiment.

Hyperspectral imaging, vegetation indices, Quercus macrocarpa, Quercus robur, Quercus rubra, environmental stress, drought stress, reflection spectra.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1186388

10.18393/ejss.1186388

Salt accumulation in soils under furrow and drip irrigation using modified waters in Central Iran

Leila Jahanbazi

Ahmad Heidari ahaidari@ut.ac.ir

Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi

Maria Kuniushkova

63-78

2022-02-01

2022-10-04

2022-10-09

2023-01-01

The objectives of this study were i) to characterize the water and soils under different managements, ii) to evaluate the sustainability of using hypersaline soils and water, and iii) to assess possible solutions to prevent more degradation of soil and water resources. Field and laboratory analysis of the samples using eight pedons and 128 surface samples taken from grid in four pre-determined land uses; pistachio orchard abandoned, pistachio orchard with furrow irrigation, wheat and maize cropping with furrow irrigation, pistachio orchard with drip irrigation. The study area, 170 ha, comprised two distinct soil parent materials including marls (max. ECe >100 dS/m) and alluviums (max. ECe >60 dS/m). Abandoning lands caused salinity increasing due to lack of leaching by irrigation water. The maximum increase of soil salinity was in the abandoned land use (EC e =98 dS/m), where trees had been removed and there is no irrigation, followed by pistachio plantation land use (EC=11 to 34 dS/m), and wheat and maize cropping land use (EC=11-19 dS/m). The minimum rise in soil salinity was in the drip irrigation due to mixing freshwater with saline water and therefore better water quality (EC=3 dS/m at surface layer and 17 dS/m in next layer). Land use change to agriculture increased the need for irrigation and because of arid climate it mainly supplied by groundwater from deep wells. Using deep groundwater due to rock-water reaction and increasing salinity, decreased water quality in furrow irrigation and therefore it had more significant effect on soil salinity compare to drip. Comparison of the mean values of soil salinity indicators in 2018 showed that salinity has increased by 3-6 times in the furrow irrigation and at least two-fold in the drip irrigation, compared to 2002. The calculated salinity indicators also proved the soil and water resources had been degraded and present land use types are not sustainable. Possible solutions could be to minimize land use change to agriculture, to use drip irrigation with mixed saline and freshwater, and to remove salt crusts from the soil surface.

Land degradation, Arid climate, Solute dynamics, Saline soils, Saline water, Irrrigation.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1187439

10.18393/ejss.1187439

Evaluating the potential for multicropping in SE Kazakhstan : Double-cropping corn after winter triticale and winter oilseed rape

Tastanbek Atakulov

Sagynbai Kaldybayev

Kenzhe Yerzhanova KEM_707@mail.ru

Kuanysh Zholamanov

Ashirali Smanov

Ainash Seytzhan

79-84

2022-02-12

2022-10-09

2022-10-12

2023-01-01

Double cropping is not presently a common practice in Kazakhstan. The long-term climate averages, however, suggest that the practice should be possible in the most southern portions of the country. The study described herein represents the first simultaneous evaluation of silage and grain corn crops sowing in SE Kazakhstan. Germplasm was chosen such that physiological maturity could theoretically be reached if seeded following winter triticale and winter oilseed rape. Results indicate that, considering the effect of climate change, it has been determined that even if the silage and grain yields are low, the corn grown as a second product has reached the harvest maturity and the product can be obtained. These results clearly demonstrate that with the appropriate selection of cultivar and watering possibility, there is a seeding date window where silage and grain corn can be expected to reach physiological maturity as a double crop in SE Kazakhstan.

Double cropping, corn, Kazakhstan, winter triticale, winter oilseed rape.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1187452

10.18393/ejss.1187452

Reducing soluble lead and cadmium in contaminated soils using dairy cattle waste based vermicompost

Zainal Muktamar itszaain@gmail.com

Bandi Hermawan

Wulandari

Priyono Prawito

Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi

Nanik Setyowati

Sigit Sudjatmiko

Mohammad Chozin

85-91

2022-06-04

2022-10-09

2022-10-12

2023-01-01

Continuous use of synthetic fertilizer can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. The use of organic amendment can reduce the solubility of heavy metals such as Pb and Cd in soil. The experiment was undertaken to determine the decline of soluble Pb and Cd in polluted soils treated with dairy cattle waste-based vermicompost. The study used two soil samples; Inceptisols collected from Air Duku Village and Entisol from Beringin Raya Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Entisols and Inceptisols contained 2.0 and 0.4 mg kg-1 soluble Pb and 0.7 and 0.8 mg kg-1soluble Cd, respectively. The samples were pretreated with either 100 ppm Pb or Cd. Vermicompost was applied at the rate of 0, 10, 20, and 30 Mg ha-1 on samples of Inceptisols and Entisol, arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The mixture was incubated for eight weeks. After the incubation ended, the soil sample was analyzed for soluble Pb and Cd using DTPA extraction before detection using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The study resulted that the soluble Pb and Cd significantly reduced with vermicompost treatment, being the lowest was at the rate of 30 Mg ha-1. Furthermore, the decreased soluble Pb and Cd was more substantial in Inceptisols than Entisols. Soluble Pb in both soils was lower than Cd, suggesting a higher retention affinity of the former. This study summarizes that vermicompost at the rate of 30 Mg ha-1 effectively immobilizes Pb and Cd in contaminated soils.

Vermicompost, cadmium, lead, Inceptisols, Entisol.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1193903

10.18393/ejss.1193903

Modelling of soil temperature by using Phase Change Material (PCM) to regulate the plant growing media temperature

Tuğba Gürmen tugba.gurmen@ege.edu.tr

92-97

2022-02-09

2022-10-19

2022-10-24

2023-01-01

The temperature control of the agricultural greenhouse is important issue and to sudden temperature, changes during the growing plants are one of the problems that need to be controlled. Temperature control can be achieved in greenhouses established with the novel technological systems, but these systems are expensive systems that requires technical knowledge and infrastructure. In this study, a seasonal thermal energy storage using Phase Change Material (PCM) composite material investigated to regulate day time soil temperature in the greenhouse. The overall purpose of the research was to identify the mechanisms of heat transfer in soil covered by phase change materials. The PCM was encapsulated in to expanded perlite and soil temperature with and without using the PCM were compared. By using the experimental data, a mathematical model that can simulate the temperature of the soil in the greenhouse was developed According to the results, the research included experimental works as well as theoretical analysis.

Soil temperature, phase change material (PCM), greenhouse applications, modelling of soil temperature.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1197785

10.18393/ejss.1197785

Effect of humic substances on yield and nutrient contents of Eggplant Santana (Solanum melongena) plants in gray-brown soil

Ulviyya Mammadova um.mammadova@gmail.com

98-103

2022-03-03

2022-10-22

2022-11-01

2023-01-01

Humic substances promote the conversion of nutrients into forms available to plants. It also stimulates seed germination and viability, and its main effect usually being more prominent in the roots. This study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Gobustan, Azerbaijan, in 2021 growing season, to determine the effects of different doses (0, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm) of humic substances such as humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and humic fulvic acid (HFA) on fresh yield and nutrient contents (N, P and K) of Eggplant Santana (Solanum melongena var. esculentum Santana) plants in a field experiment. According to the results of this study, humic substance treatments increased the fresh yields and leaf nutrient contents of Eggplant Santana, and this increase was found to be significant. The highest value for highest fresh yields and leaf NPK contents of Eggplant Santana plants were obtained from 1000 ppm HFA dose. These results suggest that 1000 ppm HA and FA combination to the standard humic substances application will be sufficient to obtain adequate fresh yield and nutrient contents in Eggplant Santana leafs.

Humic acid, fulvic avid, soil, yield, Eggplant Santana, nutrients.