EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.974219

10.18393/ejss.974219

Estimation and spatial distribution of some soil erodibility parameters in soils of Ilgaz National Park

Orhan Dengiz odengiz@omu.edu.tr

Salih Demirkaya

1 - 9

2021-03-12

2021-07-19

2021-07-25

2022-01-01

The aim of this research was to determine some erodibility factors, aggregate stability, structure stability and crust formation, in soils located at Ilgaz National Park and to generate their spatial distribution maps using fifteen different interpolation models in GIS medium. For this aim, total 151 soil samples were collected from surface (0-20 cm) soil depth. According to analysis results, it was determined that most part of the investigated soils has high erodibility value. In addition, correlation analysis was performed between erodibility factors and some soil physical and chemical properties. According to analysis results, it was found that a significantly positive relationship was found between AS and EC (0.460**) and OM (0.603**) at the 1% importance level whereas, a negative relationship was found between BD (-0.544**) at the 1% importance level. A positive relationship was also found between SSI values and EC (0.418**) and OM (0.565**) at a 1% significance level, and a negative relationship was found at a 1% significance level with BD (-0.542**). Moreover, a positive relationship was found between CF and EC (0.523**), OM (0.894**) and sand (0.345**) at a 1% importance level, and a negative relationship was found at a 1% importance level with clay (-0.376**) and BD (-0.811**).

Aggregate stability, structure stability, crust formation, GIS, Ilgaz national park.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.974224

10.18393/ejss.974224

Identification of humic substances on the transformation of an organic substrate

Olga Bezuglova lola314@mail.ru

Andrey Komarov

Alexey Komarov

10-16

2021-02-08

2021-07-20

2021-07-25

2022-01-01

The organic matter of the soil and humus are heterogeneous in composition. That is why the nature of soil organic matter has not yet been fully understood and causes many discussions. The purpose of this work is to study the identification features of humus in the process of peat's transformation. The results of a five-year experiment studying the processes of organic matter transformation in organic-mineral substrate based on peat growing coniferous seedlings in greenhouses are presented. In the dynamics of the group and fractional composition of humus for several years the biochemical essence of the humification process is revealed. To extract specific humic substances from the organogenic substrate, we used the method of fractioning humus into groups and fractions, which is a stepwise sequential extraction using solutions of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. It was found that the organic matter of the substrate passes through three stages of transformation: hydrolysis of organic products → initial transformation → humification of lignin structures. There is a significant change in the ratio of the three main groups of humus in favor of humic acids at the third stage. In general, the system is tends to its most stable state: aromatic structures are copolymerized, the core of humic substances is densified, and humus gradually "matures".

Fulvic acid, humic acid, humus formation, peat.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.977955

10.18393/ejss.977955

Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and vegetative growth of maize as affected by organic manure application

M.G. Mostofa Amin mostofa.amin@bau.edu.bd

Ahmed Al Minhaj

Biswajit Bhowmik

Deen Islam

Md. Nazrul Islam

17-24

2021-04-03

2021-08-01

2021-08-03

2022-01-01

Maize production in Asia is rapidly increasing. For its sustainable production, the effects of raw and dry manure application on soil water dynamics, nutrient leaching, and plant growth were investigated. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the percolated water below a 110-cm depth of field-lysimeter columns were analyzed to quantify leaching. Soil water, soil temperature, and plant growth were routinely monitored. The manure application practices increased soil water content by 0.008–0.025 cm3 cm-3 throughout the vegetative period by reducing bulk density and reduced the daytime temperature range by 0.4–1.2°C. The average leaching concentrations of total N increased from 2.6 to 4.7 mg N L-1 and available P decreased from 0.12 to 0.04 mg P L-1 between 63 and 93 DAS (day after sowing), respectively. The manure treatments did not increase nutrient leaching load at 63 DAS, but at 93 DAS the N load was increased by 219–324 g ha-1 and P load by 2.0–3.1 g ha-1 compared with the control treatment. The dry manure released a larger amount of N (30.7%) and P (3.2%) in the leachates than the raw manure. The dry and raw manure treatment produced 14.5 and 5 cm taller plants, respectively than the control treatment. Manure application with a slight modification in nutrient management can avoid the nutrient leaching problem.

Dry manure, maize root growth, raw manure, soil temperature, soil water conservation.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.980372

10.18393/ejss.980372

Yield of sugar beet and changes in phosphorus fractions in relation to long term P fertilization in chestnut soil of Kazakhstan

Gulzhan Zhaksybayeva zhaksybaeva.gulz@mail.ru

Alimbay Balgabayev

Tursunay Vassilina

Aigerim Shibikeyeva

Almagul Malimbayeva

25-32

2021-02-11

2021-08-02

2021-08-08

2022-01-01

Excessive phosphorus (P) application can alter soil P availability and limit plant growth by P fixation into different organic and inorganic P forms. However, it remains uncertain whether these changes happen after limited fertilization or an excessive rate applied under the crop rotation. The current study aimed to investigate the yield of sugar beet in response to long term P fertilization, and to investigate long-term P fertilization effects on soil P fractions after long-term fertilizations in chestnut soil of Kazakhstan. A long-term study (56 years) was conducted to assess the changes in total P, available P and inorganic P (Pi) fractions in response to different P rates applied to sugar beet. Inorganic P fractions were determined using the Ginzburg and Lebedeva (1971) and Ginzburg (1981) methods. Our findings demonstrated that different P rates significantly increased the total P and available P in the inorganic P fractions compared to N0P0K0 treatment (Absolute control). The N1P2K1 (100% of recommended level of NK but 200% of P) treatment had a maximum yield and sugar content of sugar beet. Compared with N0P0K0, the proportions of Ca-PI, Ca-PII, Fe-P and Al-P of total inorganic P fractions associated with under fertilizer treatments increased. The highest content of fractioned P was found in the form of Ca–PIII.

Sugar beet, chestnut soil, phosphorus, P fertilization, inorganic P fractions.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.984060

10.18393/ejss.984060

Splitting nitrogen fertilization improves growth, yield and profit of soybean (Glycine max) production in the semi-arid Afghanistan

Sharifullah Sharifi

Xinhua He xinhua.he@uwa.edu.au

Xingshui Dong

Songmei Shi

Hikmatullah Obaid

Shah Mehmood Baray

Nasir Ahmad Nasrat

Azizullah Khalili

33-42

2021-02-19

2021-08-09

2021-08-17

2022-01-01

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of splitting application of 30 kg N ha-1 on the growth, yield and economics of soybean (Glycine max var. Dea-won) in the semi-arid and sub-tropical Afghanistan. Besides no-N-fertilization control, urea (30 kg N ha-1) was applied to fields in four-splits: S1, one time basal application at sowing; S2, two-splits of 50% N at sowing and 10 DAS (days after sowing); S3, three-splits of 33% N at sowing, 10 and 20 DAS; and S4, four-splits of 25% N at sowing, 10, 20 and 30 DAS. Aboveground growth and yield parameters were compared at 30, 60, 90 and 127 DAS. Soybean’s growth and yields increased in corresponding with the increased frequency of split fertilization. Three- or four-splits significantly increased plant height, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, pod and seed numbers, 1,000-seed weight, yield production and economics (gross and net returns and benefit cost ratio) than those at one or two-splits N-application at all these four harvests. Positive relationships were observed among growth parameters and yield traits and yield production. Three- or four-splits at tested N rate and growth stages can meet N requirement for soybean’s growth and yield while improving N use efficiency in semi-arid Afghanistan.

Biomass production, Glycine max, N demanding, N use efficiency, N split application, urea.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.990605

10.18393/ejss.990605

A review on nanobioremediation approaches for restoration of contaminated soil

Vishnu D. Rajput rajput.vishnu@gmail.com

Tatiana Minkina

Arpna Kumari

Shende Sudhir S.

Anuj Ranjan

Mohammad Faizan

Anatoly Barakvov

Arkadii Gromovik

Nadezhda Gorbunova

Priyadarshani Rajput

Abhishek Singh

Ilgiz Khabirov

Olga Nazarenko

Svetlana Sushkova

Rıdvan Kızılkaya

43-60

2021-02-19

2021-08-29

2021-09-03

2022-01-01

Nanotechnological approaches are emerging as one of the most contemporary restoration strategies that may be used to remove a variety of contaminants from the environment, including heavy metals, organic and inorganic pollutants. The application of nanoparticles (NPs) is entrenched with biological processes to boost up the removal of toxic compounds from contaminated soils. Many efforts have been taken to increase the effectiveness of phytoremediation such as the addition of chemical additives, application of rhizobacteria, and genetic engineering, etc. In this context, the integration of nanotechnology with bioremediation has introduced new dimensions to the reclamation methods. Thus, advanced remediation methods that combine nanotechnology with phytoremediation and bioremediation, where nano-scale process regulation aids in the absorption and breakdown of pollutants. NPs absorb/adsorb a variety of contaminants and also catalyze reactions by lowering the energy required for their breakdown due to unique surface properties. As a result, these nanobioremediation procedures decrease the accumulation of contaminants while simultaneously limiting their dispersal from one medium to another. Therefore, the present review is dealing with all the possibilities of the application of NPs for restoration of contaminated soils.

Phytoremediation potential, phytorestoration strategy, NPs, contaminated soils, plants, microorganisms.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.993599

10.18393/ejss.993599

Productivity of indigenous alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cultivar depending on agricultural practices on sierozem soils in South Kazakhstan

Botagoz Absatova bota-88-88¬@mail.ru

Serik Orazbayev

Gulmira Yelibayeva

Alima Shoibekova

Dossymbek Sydyk

61-65

2021-03-25

2021-09-01

2021-09-10

2022-01-01

In Turkestan region of South Kazakhstan has large areas of fertile sierozem soils that are important for crop production and its accompanying economic development. And also, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important forage crop grown for seed production. The soils are fertile loams, but because of the regions dry environment, they need to be irrigated. Field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2020 on one-year or older alfalfa stands grown for seed production at various plots on sierozem soils in rainfed areas of Turkestan region to determine the inﬂuence of agricultural practices such as fertilizer use, pesticide use and conventional tillage on seed yield and dry hay of alfalfa stands. The ﬁndings of ﬁeld research experiments indicated that agricultural practices of fertilizer use, pesticide use and conventional tillage was essential to obtain maximum seed yield and dry hay of alfalfa. But, it was determined that the best outputs tended to be obtained with Fertilizer use + Pesticide use + Conventional tillage.

Sierozem, Alfalfa, fertilizer use, pesticide use, conventional tillage, agricultural practices.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.993611

10.18393/ejss.993611

Stubble burning and wildfires in Turkey considering the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations

Tuğrul Yakupoğlu tugrul.yakupoglu@yobu.edu.tr

Turgay Dindaroğlu

Jesús Rodrigo-Comino

Artemio Cerdà

66-76

2021-02-19

2021-08-15

2021-09-10

2022-01-01

There is a worldwide risk of fire spread due to the mismanagement of stubble in agricultural land. In 2019, 3.6% of the forest area was damaged by fires in Turkey due to stubble burning. The burning of agriculture residues negatively affects soil properties, air quality and water resources. This finally threatens humankind sustainability. However, there is a lack of information analyzing this problem from the current policies in Turkey. Therefore, this paper reviews the legislation currently applied to understand the specific competencies to achieve sustainable fire and forest management. A holistic analysis of the legal regulations and practices to prevent stubble burning in Turkey shown here the farmer´s perception of the use of fire as an agriculture tool and the relevance of stubble burning to explain the location and recurrence of wildfires. Then, we discussed the relevance to shed light on how effective are the laws to avoid stubble burning and its impact on the environment. We claim for an update of the legislation to allow the farmers to manage the stubble and encourage the policymakers to develop new strategies to compost the stubble and achieve sustainable management within the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations that will contribute to achieving the Land Degradation Neutrality Challenge.

Legal measures, people awareness, stubble burning, stubble management, wildfires

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.996603

10.18393/ejss.996603

Assessment of biological activity in mountain chernozems and mountain-meadow chernozemic soils of natural biogeocenoses in the Central Caucasus, Russia

Fatima Gedgafova

Olga Gorobtsova

Tatyana Uligova

Nelli Tsepkova

Rustam Tembotov tembotov.rustam@mail.ru

Elena Khakunova

77-85

2021-02-05

2021-09-12

2021-09-16

2022-01-01

Indicators reflecting various aspects of biological properties (genetic, microbiological, biochemical) were estimated for the upper horizons (0-20 cm) of mountain chernozems (Mollic Chernozems, WRB, 2015) and mountain meadow chernozemic soils (Mollic Leptosols Eutric, WRB, 2015), that were formed in the conditions of natural biogeocenoses of the Central Caucasus (Elbrus variant of zonality within Kabardino-Balkaria). A comparative assessment was performed for the biological activity parameters (humic content and stock, microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) content and stock, the enzyme activity of hydrolases (invertase, phosphatase, urease) and oxidoreductases (catalase, dehydrogenase)) in combination with indicators of the soil density and acid-base properties of various subtypes of the studied soils (typical and leached). The obtained results showed that the studied types of mountain soils in the upper horizons are characterized by a porous loose composition (0.75-1.07 g/cm3), neutral (pHH2O = 7.0-7.4) and slightly alkaline (pHH2O = 7.9-8.0) by the reaction of the soil solution, high and very high content (9.5-19.1%) and stock of organic matter (173-276 t/ha). The maximal biological activity was noted in mountain-meadow chernozemic soils, which surpass mountain chernozems in humic content (by 42%) and stock (24%), Cmic content (38%) and stock (17%), relative total activity of hydrolases (36%), but inferior in activity of oxidoreductases (32%). Based on the data obtained, the integrative index of ecological and biological condition (IIEBC) was calculated, which reflects the general level of biological activity of the studied soils. Higher IIEBC values of mountain meadow chernozemic soils (80-100%) in comparison with mountain chernozems (70-74%) are due to the unique complex of soil-forming conditions in which these soils function. The established biological parameters of mountain soils of natural landscapes are necessary for use as reference in environmental studies of anthropogenically disturbed biogeocenoses.

Carbon of microbial biomass, Central Caucasus, humus, soil enzymes.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.996621

10.18393/ejss.996621

Morphophysiological response of young Frantoio olive tree under different fertilizer types in sierozem with surface drip irrigation

Nurgul Alimbekova Alimbekova-na@mail.ru

Baisserik Issabekov

Serik Orazbayev

Zhainagul Yertayeva

Laura Yessengeldiyeva

86-92

2021-05-21

2021-09-15

2021-09-17

2022-01-01

The amount of yield and adaptation of a cultivar to a new environment is strongly related to nutrient uptake ability. This study was carried out during 2019, 2020 and 2021 seasons to investigate the effect of different forms of chemical compose 20.20.20 fertilization alone or incombination with other fertilizers on morphological plant parameters (number of leaves per shoot, stem length and stem thickness) and leaf nutrient contents (N, P, K and Mg) of young Frantoio olive tree grown in Turkestan region, South Kazakhstan. The study was conducted on 1 years old olive trees of Frantoio in sierozem, under surface drip irrigation, system and uniform in shape and received the common horticultural practices. It was determined that fertilizer treatments significantly influenced number of morphological plant parameters and leaf plant nutrients compared to control treatments at all seasons. Results revealed that all fertilizers as well as the combination between 20.20.20 and Biohumus treatment and/or Nitroammophos treatment significantly increased morphological plant parameters and nutrient contents of young Frantoio olive trees. It can be concluded that the variation in the nutrient uptake ability may be used as a criterion for adaptation of a variety to a new ecological environment.

Olive tree, fertilizer, drip irrigation, soil, sierozem.