EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.797843

10.18393/ejss.797843

Variations in soil heat transfer under different land use types in Abia State, South eastern Nigeria

Brown Mang Onwuka onwuka.brown@mouau.edu.ng

Paul. C. Oguike

Emmanuel Adeboye Adesemuyi

1 - 8

2020-03-29

2020-09-03

2020-09-21

2021-01-01

An in-depth knowledge on variations in soil heat transfer under different land uses is essential for proper understanding of the variations in thermal energy transfer under different human activities and modifications on land. This paper presents an investigation on the variations in soil heat transfer under different land use types in Abia State. This study evaluates three land use types: forest land (FL), continuously cultivated land (CC) and excavation site (EX). The parameters investigated in this study include; particle size distribution, bulk density, volumetric moisture content, atmospheric temperature, soil temperature, soil thermal conductivity, soil heat flux, soil volumetric heat capacity and soil thermal diffusivity. The results show that the different land use types studied influenced the soil heat energy transfer and had a significant effect on soil thermal properties. The results revealed that excavation site recorded the highest soil bulk density (1.70 Mg m-3) and soil temperature (42.6oC) while forest land recorded the lowest bulk density (1.36 Mg m-3) and soil temperature (30.3oC). The transmission of heat through a unit length of soil per unit cross-sectional area (2.476 W mk-1) was higher in forest land than the other land use types studied. Soil under continuously cultivated land recorded the highest volumetric heat capacity (1.407 J (m3K)-1). This study will help farmers and land owners in terms of choice and management of different land use types for agricultural and industrial purposes.

Soil heat energy transfer, bulk density, soil temperature, soil thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, soil thermal diffusivity.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.797847

10.18393/ejss.797847

Short-term effect of rice straw application on soil fertility and rice yield

Md. Zulfiker Ali

Mohammad Saiful Alam zulfikerali438@gmail.com

GKM Mustafizur Rahman

Md. Mizanur Rahman

Md. Moshiul Islam

Md. Ziauddin Kamal

Md. Shahadat Hossain

9 - 16

2019-03-25

2020-09-01

2020-09-21

2021-01-01

The study was conducted at the experimental field of the Department of Soil Science of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh during July to November 2015 in transplanted aman (T. aman) season to evaluate the influence of rice straw application on growth and yield of rice (BINA dhan7) and soil fertility. The experimentation was established following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using 3 treatments (T1= Inorganic fertilizer dose as per STB, T2= rice straw + inorganic fertilizer as IPNS basis and T3= Farmer’s practice). Results of the experiment showed that application of rice straw along with inorganic fertilizers as IPNS basis did not produce any significant (p<0.05) variation in yield and yield regulating parameters of T. aman rice but ensured higher filled grains panicle-1 (96.68), 1000- grain weight (23.23g), straw (6.97 t/ha) and grain yield (6.32 t/ha) as compared to other treatments. Short term addition of rice straw in soil did not create any significant influence on post harvest soil nutrient status except K which was found high. Significantly highest N contents in grain and straw were observed in straw added plots, which further contributed to higher nutrient uptake by grain and straw.

Rice Straw, soil fertility, rice yield.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.799988

10.18393/ejss.799988

Changes in chemical and biological properties during co-composting of swine dung and different plant materials

Abigail Oluremi Ojo remia_ode@yahoo.com

Azarel Caldbak Oladotun Uthman

Joshua Remilekun Ogunmola

17 - 25

2019-03-21

2020-08-21

2020-09-25

2021-01-01

Plant residues and animal manures have been reported to have high nutritive value. This study was carried out to evaluate different plant materials in combination with swine dung for their chemical and biological properties. Eight (8) different plant materials namely banana leaves, cassava peels, Giliricidia sepium, Leuceana, Maize stover, Neem, Panicum maximum and saw dust was combined with swine dung in a ratio 1:1 and composted for a period of eight weeks using the enclosed heap method. Chemical and biological parameters were monitored at a two (2) week interval. Analysis of the plant materials before composting showed that Giliricidia sepium was the richest in N (3.63%), P (0.14%), K (2.59%), Mg (1.07%). Banana leaves was rich in Ca (4.75%) while saw dust was rich in Cu (45.36 mg/kg) and Zn (502.85 mg/kg). At the final week, the pH of most of the swine based compost was near neutral. The combination of Giliricidia sepium and swine dung had the highest N (4.68 %), Zn (804.3 mg/kg) and Cu (75.44 mg/kg). Leuceana in combination with swine dung had the highest total P value of 0.26 % while total K was high (1.44 %) in Panicum maximum at the final week. However, Ca and Mg decreased at the final week. Conclusively, it can be stated that Giliricidia sepium, Leuceana as well as Panicum maximum are potential sources of both the macro and micro nutrients when combined with swine dung for compost production.

Plant residues, Animal manure, compost production, Macro and micro nutrients.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.801099

10.18393/ejss.801099

Phosphorus mineralization in response to organic and inorganic amendment in a semi-arid pasture soil

Shahab Ahmad Khosa khosa.shahab@gmail.com

Kehinde O. Ernile

Khalid Saifullah Khan

Muhammad Akmal

26 - 31

2019-02-18

2020-09-17

2020-09-28

2021-01-01

Phosphorus deficient soil was amended with compost (C) (organic source of phosphorus) and inorganic P (KH2PO4 as inorganic phosphorus) at different rates and incubated for 28 days. Six treatments were used including i) Control ii) Inorganic P (0.79 mg per 30 g of soil sample) iii) 100 % C (0.13 g) iv) 75% C (0.1 g) + 25% P (0.2 mg) v) 50% C (0.065 g) + 50% P (0.4 mg) vi) 25% C (0.03 g) + 75% P (0.6 mg). Soil respiration was recorded using Infra-red CO2 gas analyzer. MBC was determined by using fumigation extraction method. Resin P and MBP extraction was carried out by anion exchange membranes and was determined colorimetrically. P pools were determined by using DeLuca method. Cumulative respiration microbial biomass significantly increased in organic amended soil with higher increase in soil emended with 75% C +25% P rate followed by 50% C and 50% P rate. It was concluded that compost amended with high inorganic P stimulated the formation of P labile pools which supply long term slow release of P for plants and microbes.

Compost, microbial dynamic, phosphorus pools, pasture soil

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.805214

10.18393/ejss.805214

Effect of polyvinyl alcohol on the physico-chemical properties of soil and soil-amino acid interaction

Jamal Ahmad Khan

Shagufta Jabin

Priti Gupta me.pritigupta@gmail.com

32 - 37

2020-06-18

2020-09-30

2020-10-05

2021-01-01

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is considered as an efficient analytical technique used for the monitoring and identification of the adsorption behaviour of different amino acids through soil as a stationary phase amended with polyvinyl acetate at different concentration. The study gives complete idea about the mobility of four different uncharged amino acids namely glycine, alanine, tryptophan and glutamine in terms of retention factor by thin layer chromatography. Among four amino acids, highest mobility was found in case of glycine. The order of mobility was found to be in order of glycine > alanine > tryptophan > glutamine in which distilled water has been used as a mobile phase. It has been observed from the results that pH and electrical conductivity also influence mobility of amino acids. The influence of activation temperature and particle size of soil on the mobility of amino acids was also studied.

Soil, amino acids, electrical conductivity, pH, poly-vinyl acetate, retention factor, TLC.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.807762

10.18393/ejss.807762

Vermicomposting of anaerobically digested sewage sludge with hazelnut husk and cow manure by earthworm Eisenia foetida

Rıdvan Kızılkaya ridvank@omu.edu.tr

Zhainagul Yertayeva

Sagynbay Kaldybayev

Bolat Murzabayev

Aigul Zhapparova

Zhanybek Nurseitov

38 - 50

2020-04-15

2020-10-07

2020-10-08

2021-01-01

Vermicomposting of organic waste has an important part to play in an integrated waste management strategy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of an epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida to transform anaerobically digested sewage sludge (SS) amended with hazelnut husk (HH) and cow manure (CM) in different proportions under laboratory condition (in darkness at 25°C0,5 0C). Two approaches investigated in the study were: (1) to find the best medium for growth and reproduction of E. foetida in different feed mixtures, (2) to analyze the heavy metal concentrations in different feed mixtures of SS-HH-CM before and after vermicomposting, and (3) to explore heavy metals accumulation of earthworms in sewage sludge with different feed mixtures. Number and biomass of earthworms and heavy metal contents in feed mixtures and earthworms were periodically monitored. The results indicated that maximum earthworm biomass was attained in feed mixture of 20% SS + 40% CM + 40% HH while the earthworm number was highest in feed mixture of 30% SS + 35% CM + 35% HH during the vermicomposting period. Heavy metals concentration (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr) in all feed mixtures decreased associated with the increasing vermicomposting time. The heavy metals’ content in the feed mixtures was lower than that of initial mixtures. Metal analysis of earthworms revealed considerable bioaccumulation of heavy metals in their bodies’ tissue. Heavy metal analysis of earthworm body showed that increasing proportion of SS in the feed mixtures promoted the heavy metal content of earthworm body.

Vermicompost, Eisenia feotida, sewage sludge, heavy metal, bioaccumulation.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.809272

10.18393/ejss.809272

Dynamics of soil organic carbon stock under different types of savannah agrosystems in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon

Awé Djongmo Victor awevictor20@yahoo.fr

Noiha Noumi Valery

Alaam Iyawa Francois

Tengomo Donhakia Christiane Vanissa

Mbang Paulidore

Zapfack Louis

51 - 60

2020-05-01

2020-10-07

2020-10-12

2021-01-01

The aim of this study was to quantify the current soil organic carbon stock under different types of savannah agrosystems in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon in the context of greenhouse gas emissions and land degradation. It is so crucial for combating climate change and improving ecological restoration. Random field sampling was carried out on 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth, then were collected in four types of savannah agrosystems. Soil bulk density, pH, moisture content, CEC, exchangeable bases, particle size distribution and soil organic carbon were determined using standard laboratory procedures and calculations. The results of the study did not reveal a significant difference in soil organic carbon stock between different types of savannah agrosystems (P>0.05). Soils of Tamarindus indica savannah agrosystems in recorded higher values SCOS (36.03 ± 3.31 tC/ha), Prosopis africana (33.40 ± 3.27 tC/ha), Haematostaphis barterii (31.83 ± 3.21 tC/ha) and Detarium microcarpum (31.19 ± 3.19 tC/ha) savannah agrosystems. Similarly, SCOS decreased with soil depth in all types of savannah agrosystems. Results showed a positive and significant (P<0.05) correlation between soil organic carbon stock with basal area, biovolume, bulk density, moisture content, C/N ratio, Ca2+, Mg2+, OM; negative and significant (P<0.05) with Soil pH, Total Nitrogen, Na+ but negative and non-significant (P>0.05) with Density, K+, CEC, Sand %, Silt %, Clay %, Silt + Clay %. The results show the potential contribution of savannah agrosystems to improve soil organic carbon sequestration and environmental protection.

Organic carbon, soil organic carbon stock, carbon sequestration, Savannah agrosystems, Cameroon, climate change

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.814006

10.18393/ejss.814006

Fluoride contamination in wetlands of Kuttanad, India: Predisposing edaphic factors

Vasanthakumari Roshni

Variampally Sankar Harikumar vsharikumar@gmail.com

61 - 68

2020-04-15

2020-10-14

2020-10-21

2021-01-01

Fluoride contamination has now become an emerging concern in agroecosystems. A diagnostic survey was conducted across the fluoride (F-) contaminated wetlands of Kuttanad, India with an aim to examine the influence of edaphic factors on F- concentration in soils. The soils (Inceptisols) predominantly sandy had a substantial percentage of clay and the soil characteristics such as bulk density (BD), moisture, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic carbon (OC) varied with soils. Similarly, the soil nutrients (NPK) and the oxides of Fe and Al as well as total sesquioxide differed with soils. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two components (PC1 and PC2) significantly explained the variability existed in the data while the third component (PC3) did not explain any variation compared to the first two components. PC1, PC2 and PC3 accounted for 52.2%, 12.7% and 11.3% of the variation in the profiles respectively. Out of soil samples, 53% had a similar distribution of soil characteristics and F- concentration and are grouped together in PC1 while, the remaining 47% of the samples had a similar distribution of characteristics and are grouped together in PC2. Among the soil characteristics examined, silt content, pH, EC, CEC, OC, N and P had a significant (P<0.001) positive association along PC1 indicating that these factors are contributing to the augmentation of F- concentration in the wetlands of Kuttanad.

Fluoride contamination, wetland soil, edaphic factors.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.816417

10.18393/ejss.816417

Soil data definition for hydrologic response unit analysis in SWAT model of Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Mohd Rosli Nur Suhaila

Ahmad Zuhairi zuhairiahmad@iium.edu.my

Azman Nur Syahira Azlyn

Mustapa Mohd Zaini

68 - 76

2020-06-11

2020-10-13

2020-10-26

2021-01-01

Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) have been assessed to examine environmental conditions and watershed scale, particularly for water quality and natural resource management. In this study, SWAT model has been applied to the main river basins in Langkawi Island. Soil data, one of the spatially distributed data needed for SWAT model interface. Currently, no soil interpretation record (s5id) data code available in readable format for user soil SWAT database for Langkawi Island. The purpose of soil data definition is to create a soil input data setup for hydrologic response unit (HRU) analysis in SWAT model which includes soil map, soil type, soil texture, and soil s5id code. Study by Leman et al. (2007) showed that geological formation of soil in Langkawi consists of alluvium, granite, Machincang, Setul, Chuping and Singa formation. The dominant soil group was Acrisols (soil unit name: Orthic Acrisols, Ao) and the dominant soil texture classification was sandy clay loam. MY4284 and MY4464 defined as the code for soil interpretation record number (s5id). Percentage of coverage for MY4464 was (62.21%; 10,865.87 ha [26,850.15 ac]) and the percentage of coverage for MY4284 was (37.79%; 6,599.8 ha [16,308.46 ac]) within the selected watershed boundary of Langkawi Island. This data setup has been successfully tested and fully functional for usersoil database of Langkawi SWAT model analysis.

Hydrologic response unit (HRU) analysis, Langkawi Island, soil input data setup, soil S5id code, soil and water assessment tool.

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.816577

10.18393/ejss.816577

Dry matter yield of okra and Nutrient Dynamics with cocoa pod husk-based compost and NPK fertilizer in an Ultisol

Christianah Olubunmi Kayode bunmmykay@yahoo.com

Gideon Olajiire Adeoye

77 - 86

2019-09-20

2020-10-13

2020-10-28

2021-01-01

Dry matter yield of okra with cocoa pod husk-based (CPH) compost was assessed in a pot experiment. Three CPH-based composts: CPH+Neem leaf (CPH+NL), CPH+Poultry manure (CPH+PM) and CPH+PM+NL at the rate of 25, 50, 75, 100 kg N ha-1 each and NPK fertilizer at 40, 50, 60 kg N ha-1 and control, were applied to 5 kg soil each with three replicates and arranged in a completely randomized design. Two varieties of okra (NH47-4 and LD88) were grown. Plant height, stem girth and number of leaves were measured at 6 weeks after sowing while dry matter yield (DMY) and nutrient uptake were determined. Pre- and post- cropping soil analyses were done. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means separated by DMRT at α = 0.05. DMY for NH47-4 ranged from 6.5g (control) to 16.7g (NPK 60 kg N ha-1) and from 5.1g (control) to 7.5g (CPH+NL 100 kg N ha-1) while LD88 ranged from 8.3 g (control) to 19.1g (CPH+PM 75 kg N ha-1) and 4.0g (control) to 9.6g (CPH+PM75 kgNha-1 ) in main and residual planting respectively. The N, P and K uptake of NH47-4 and LD88 were significantly enhanced with fertilizer treatments compared to the control. After the residual planting, pH of soil ranged from 6.2 (control) to 7.0 (CPH+NL 50 kg N ha-1) with NH47-4 and 6.3 (control) to 6.9 (CPH+PM+NL 50 kg N ha-1) with LD88. Organic carbon ranged from 9.7 gkg-1 (control) to 22.7 gkg-1 (CPH+PM+NL 50 kg N ha-1) with NH47-4 and 13.9 gkg-1 (control) to 20.3 gkg-1 (CPH+PM+NL 50 kg N ha-1) with LD88. Total N ranged from 0.1 gkg-1 (control) to 0.8 gkg-1 (CPH+PM+NL 100 kg N ha-1) with NH47-4 and 0.1 gkg-1 (control) to 0.7 gkg-1 (CPH+PM+NL 75 kg N ha-1) with LD88. The P, Ca, Mg and Na were significantly increased with fertilizer compared to control. It could therefore be concluded that CPH-based compost could be a good fertilizer for okra growth and soil fertility improvement.

Keywords: Cocoa pod husk, compost, dry matter yield, okra, Nutrient uptake.