EJSS

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Eurasian J Soil Sci

2147 - 4249

Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2012.1.001-009

10.18393/ejss.2012.1.001-009

Estimation of evaporation and drainage losses from two bare soils in Sri Lanka

Mehmet Aydin maydin08@yahoo.com

Meththika Vithanage

M. Mowjood

Yeong Jung

Jae Yang

Yong Ok

Sung Kim

C. Dissanayake

1 - 9

2012-06-11

2012-06-19

2012-06-20

2012-06-25

In this study, evaporation, drainage rates and water storage of two bare soils in the east (Batticaloa) and west (Puttalam) regions of Sri Lanka, were simulated using the E-DiGOR model. Daily simulations were carried out for each of the years during the periods of 1978 to 1987 in Batticaloa and 1998 to 2007 in Puttalam using standard climate data. The soils in the locations were predominantly sandy loam and/or sandy clay loam. Grass reference evapotranspiration and potential soil evaporation were higher, whereas actual soil evaporation was lower during the dry seasons. The 10-year average annual reference evapotranspiration and potential soil evaporation were 2069.3 mm and 1814.1 mm in Batticaloa, and 1908.8 mm and 1714.5 mm in Puttalam, respectively. Aridity index (precipitation/reference evapotranspiration) was 0.685 for Batticaloa and 0.606 for Puttalam. The actual evaporation from bare soil varied between 463.1—725.0 mm in Batticaloa and 543.6—646.3 mm in Puttalam. Annual drainage rates below 150 cm soil depth ranged from 321.7 to 1581.2 mm in Batticaloa and from 346.7 to 957.0 mm in Puttalam. Soil water storage changed daily depending on the intensity and frequency of rainfall events and on evaporation rates.

Soil-water balance, E-DiGOR model, Aridity Index, Sri Lanka

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2012.1.010-015

10.18393/ejss.2012.1.010-015

Methodology for the detection of contamination by hydrocarbons and further soil sampling for volatile and semi-volatile organic enrichment in former petrol stations, SE Spain

Rosa Aranda rosamaria.rosales@upct.es

Pedro Martinez-Pagán

10 - 15

2011-12-01

2012-05-07

2012-05-09

2012-06-25

The optimal detection and quantification of contamination plumes in soil and groundwater by petroleum organic compounds, gasoline and diesel, is critical for the reclamation of hydrocarbons contaminated soil at petrol stations. Through this study it has been achieved a sampling stage optimization in these scenarios by means of the location of potential contamination areas before sampling with the application of the 2D electrical resistivity tomography method, a geophysical non destructive technique based on resistivity measurements in soils. After the detection of hydrocarbons contaminated areas, boreholes with continuous coring were performed in a petrol station located in Murcia Region (Spain). The drillholes reached depths down to 10 m and soil samples were taken from each meter of the drilling. The optimization in the soil samples handling and storage, for both volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds determinations, was achieved by designing a soil sampler to minimize volatilization losses and in order to avoid the manual contact with the environmental samples during the sampling. The preservation of soil samples was performed according to Europe regulations and US Environmental Protection Agency recommendations into two kinds of glass vials. Moreover, it has been taken into account the determination techniques to quantify the hydrocarbon pollution based on Gas Chromatography with different detectors and headspace technique to reach a liquid-gas equilibrium for volatile analyses.

Petroleum contaminated soils, petrol stations, soil sampling, electrical resistivity tomography meth

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2012.1.016-021

10.18393/ejss.2012.1.016-021

Changes in penetration resistance of a clay field with organic waste applications

Coşkun Gülser cgulser@omu.edu.tr

Feride Candemir

16 - 21

2011-12-01

2012-05-01

2012-05-05

2012-06-25

Effects of manure (M), hazelnut husk (HH), tobacco (TW) and tea (TEW) wastes on penetration resistance (PR) values in a clay field were determined after 8 months of organic wastes were incorporated into soil at four different rates (0, 2, 4 and 6 %) in a randomized plot design with three replicates. While bulk density (BD), relative saturation (RS) and PR values decreased, mean weight diameter (MWD), total porosity (F), gravimetric water (W) and organic matter (OM) contents of the clay soil increased with increasing the application rates of organic wastes. While the lowest PR (0.72 MPa) was determined in the highest application rate of HH which had the highest C:N ratio, the highest PR (1.72 MPa) was in the control. According to the control treatment, decreases in mean values of PR by the organic waste applications were in the following order; HH (52.10%) > TEW (42.07%) > TOW (30.73%) > M (25.17 %). PR values gave significant negative correlations with F (-0.551**), W (-0.439**) and MWD (-0.509**), and significant positive correlations with BD (0.550**) and RS (0.374*). Total porosity showed the highest direct effect (62.39%) on PR. The higher indirect effects of the other properties on PR were also obtained via F. Applications of the same doses of different organic wastes had different effects on the PR values with changing the structure of clay soil due to their C:N ratios.

Penetration resistance, agricultural wastes, soil physical properties

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2012.1.022-027

10.18393/ejss.2012.1.022-027

Dynamic of the active fraction of organic matter in some meadow soils

Mahtali Sbih mahtali.sbih@univ-batna.dz

Antoine Karam

Adrien N’Dayegamiye

Zoubeir Bensid

Amar Boukaboub

22 - 27

2011-11-04

2012-05-07

2012-05-10

2012-06-25

The microbial biomass (MB) and light fraction (LF) of organic matter are often considered as active fraction of organic matter (AFOM) and as indices of soil fertility and microbial activity. This study was performed in order to assess the turnover of AFOM using long-term incubation (56 weeks) at25 °Cin 34 meadow soils with different physical and chemical properties such as soil texture, organic C and total N. The MB and LF were determined at 8 and 5 times during the incubation period using fumigation-extraction technique for MB and densimetric method for LF. The amount of MB-C and MB-N mineralized increased with time of incubation. At the beginning of incubation, the C and N content of soil MB represented respectively 0.76 to 3.7% of total organic C and 1.94 to 10.7% of total N. The C and N content of LF represented respectively 2.9 to 25.6% of total organic C and 1.7 to 17.5% of total N. At the end of incubation, the losses of MB-C and MB-N from soils reached respectively 71 and 82% of the initial amounts. The MB and LF dynamic were well described by a two-component first-order rate model. The amount of N in the labile MB and LF pools represented respectively 54% of total MB-N and 61% of total LF-N. The more stable MB and LF pools had higher half-life than labile pools. The results obtained indicated that the stable LF would be the precursor of soil humic compounds.

Microbial biomass, light fraction, carbon and N dynamic

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2012.1.028-033

10.18393/ejss.2012.1.028-033

Comparison of empirical models to estimate soil erosion and sediment yield in micro catchments

Lida Eisazadeh lidaeisazadeh@gmail.com

Reza Sokouti

Mehdi Homaee

Ebrahim Pazira

28 - 33

2011-09-15

2012-06-15

2012-06-17

2012-06-25

Assessment of sediment yield in soil conservation and watershed Project and implementation plan for water and soil resources management is so important. Regarding to somewhere that doesn’t have enough information and statistical data such as upper river branches, Empirical models should be used to estimate erosion and sediment yield. However the efficiency and usage of these models before calibration isn’t clear. In this research, the measurement of erosion and sediment yield of 10 basins upstream of reservoirshas been estimated by RUSLE and MPSIAC empirical models.In order to compare means between measured and estimated datat-test method was applied.Theresults indicated no significant differences between means of measured and estimated sediment yield in MPSAIC model in 5% level. In contrast, T-test showed contrary results in RUSLE model. Then the applicability and priority of two models were examined by statistical methodssuch as MAE and MBE methods. By regarding to accuracy and precision, MPSIAC model placed in first priorityto estimate soil erosion and sediment yield and has minimum value of MAE=0.79 and MBE = -0.59.

Erosion-Sediment models, MPSIAC, RUSLE, Micro Catchments

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2012.1.034-039

10.18393/ejss.2012.1.034-039

Soil exchangeable cations: A geostatistical study from Russia

Tayfun Aşkın tayfuna@odu.edu.tr

Rezan Yılmaz

Vladimir Olekhov

Natalya Mudrykh

Iraida Samofalova

34 - 39

2011-12-01

2012-05-06

2012-06-18

2012-06-25

In present study, geostatistical techniques was applied to assess the spatial variability of exchangeable cations such as; calcium (Ex-Ca2+), magnesium (Ex-Mg2+), potassium (Ex-K+) and sodium (Ex-Na+) in the tillaged layer in a Perm State Agricultural Academy Farm site in Perm region, West Urals, Russia. A 250x100 m plot (approximately 2.35 ha) was divided into grids with 25x25 m spacing that included 51 sampling points from 0-0.2 m in depth. Soil reaction (pH) was the least variable property while the Ex-K was the most variable. The greatest range of influence (237.6 m) occurred for Ex-Ca and the least range (49.7 m) for Ex-Mg.

Exchangeable cations, spatial variability, site specific management

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2012.1.040-044

10.18393/ejss.2012.1.040-044

Relationships among environmental factors influencing soil erosion using GIS (Khiav Chay Watershed, Ardabil Province)

Maryam Barmaki Barmaki2355@yahoo.com

Ebrahim Pazira

Abazar Esmali

40 - 44

2011-10-15

2012-06-11

2012-06-18

2012-06-25

One of the biggest problems of natural resources is soil erosion. Effective land management to prevent soil loss requires prediction for large areas. Usually, empirical relations are used for investigating soil erosion in watershed areas. The case study is took place in Khiav Chay Watershed, Ardabil Province. In the current study, environmental factors, influence in water erosion of the area, investigated in four categories, including topographic, soil & ground, vegetation and human factors. From environmental factors influencing soil erosion, NDVI, land use and drainage density were studied and related maps produced and compared in two time series using aerial photos (1968) and satellite images (2007). For estimating specific erosion, EPM model was used. Work unit map was made and crossed with environmental factors map as independent variables (NDVI, land use and drainage density) and specific erosion map as a dependent variable and then effective areas of each parameters specified.

Soil erosion, environmental factor, Erosion Potential Method, Geographic Information System

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2012.1.045-050

10.18393/ejss.2012.1.045-050

Correlation between aggregate stability and microbiological activity in two Russian soil types

Mustafa Umer artoshy72@yahoo.com

Shayma Rajab

45 - 50

2012-09-08

2012-05-06

2012-06-18

2012-06-25

Two Russian soil type, soddy-podzolic soil from Vladimerskaya region and dark-gray forest soil from Korskya region were taken .some microbiological parameters were assyed as basal respiration, substrate induced respiration, microbial biomass, microbial metabolic coefficient and correlated with soil aggregate stability concerning soil organic matter ,soil texture and soil bulk density. The result shown a positive correlation between all microbiological parameters with soil aggregate stability at this rank, microbial metabolic coefficient > microbial biomass = substrate induced respiration > basal respiration. Microbiological parameters and soil aggregate stability in dark-gray forest soil are greater than soddy-podzolic soil except basal respiration as a result of high organic content in this soil as will as the biomass as a percent of soil total organic matter. aggregate disintegration coefficient of dark-gray forest soil is 0.0028 with R2 0.927 and need 85 rain drop (equivalent to an energy of 83385 J Kg-1) greater than soddy-podzolic which had disintegration coefficient 0.0039 with R2 0.849 and needed only 40 rain drop (equivalent to an energy of 39240 J Kg-1).

Substrate induced respiration, basal respiration, biomass, aggregate stability, soil organic matter

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2012.1.051-057

10.18393/ejss.2012.1.051-057

Determination of land productivity index based on parametric approach using GIS technique

Orhan Dengiz odengiz@omu.edu.tr

Mustafa Sağlam

51 - 57

2011-11-15

2012-06-12

2012-06-18

2012-06-25

The land productive capacity can be evaluated directly or indirectly. Direct evaluations are carried out in the field, greenhouses or laboratory by means of some experiments under given climatic and management conditions. Indirect evaluations consist basically in developing and applying models of varying complexity, thereby attempting to estimate land productivity. The main objective of this research was to determine land productivity index based on parametric approach using GIS. This study was carried out in Çetinkaya district located on Bafra Delta Plain. The study area covers about 1762.4 ha. After analysing and evaluating topographic, soil physical and chemical properties, result map was generated for land productivity index (LPI) by means of GIS. After LPI taking into rating of soil and topographic parameters was calculated using square root formula, productivity classification was determined for each land mapping unit. According to results, while most of the study area’s land productivity (45.4%-800.0 ha) consist of excellent and good classes (I and II) in terms of agricultural uses, it was found that 19.7% (346.6 ha) of study area has average (III), 25.1% (441.6) of it has poor (IV) and rest of it (9.8%) has extremely poor or nil (V).

Land productivity, parametric evaluation, GIS

http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2012.1.058-063

10.18393/ejss.2012.1.058-063

Identification and prioritization of critical sub-basins in a highly mountainous watershed using SWAT model

Asghar Besalatpour a_besalatpour@ag.iut.ac.ir

M. Hajabbasi

Shamsolah Ayoubi

Ahmad Jalalian

58 - 63

2011-12-01

2012-06-15

2012-06-20

2012-06-25

A few areas in a large watershed might be more critical and responsible for high amount of runoff and soil losses. For an effective and efficient implementation of watershed management practices, identification of these critical areas is vital. In this study, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT, 2009) to identify and prioritize the critical sub-basins in a highly mountainous watershed with imprecise and uncertain data (Bazoft watershed, southwestern Iran). Three different SWAT models were first developed using different climate input data sets. The first data set (denoted as CRU) was derived from the climate research unit data set developed by the British Atmosphere Data Center (BADC). The second data set (denoted as CDW) was included the climate data obtained from the precipitation and air temperature stations in the study area. The third set (denoted as COM) was a combination of CRU and CDW climate data. The Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) program was used for calibrating and validating the SWAT model. Daily rainfall, temperature, and runoff data of 20 years (1989-2008) were used in this study. In results, the constructed SWAT model using COM data set simulated the runoff more satisfactorily than the two other developed SWAT models according to the statistical evaluation criteria. The correlation coefficient and Nash-Sutcliff values for the constructed SWAT model using COM data set were 0.40 and 0.38, respectively. The model simulated the runoff satisfactorily; however, the predicted runoff values were much more in agreement with the measured data for the calibration period than those for the validation period. Sub-basins S10, S12, and S13 were assigned as the most top critical sub-basins in runoff production in the watershed. The study revealed that the SWAT model could successfully be used for identifying the critical sub-basins in a watershed with imprecise and uncertain data for management purposes.

Runoff, watershed management, SWAT model, GLUE algorithm, uncertainty analysis