Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Volume 5, Issue 3, Jul 2016, Pages 209 - 220
DOI: 10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220
Stable URL: http://ejss.fess.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220
Copyright © 2016 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies



Surface soil factors and soil characteristics in geo-physical milieu of Kebbi State Nigeria

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Usman,S., 2016. Surface soil factors and soil characteristics in geo-physical milieu of Kebbi State Nigeria. Eurasian J Soil Sci 5(3):209 - 220. DOI : 10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220
,& Usman,S. Surface soil factors and soil characteristics in geo-physical milieu of Kebbi State Nigeria Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, DOI : 10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220
, and ,Usman,S. "Surface soil factors and soil characteristics in geo-physical milieu of Kebbi State Nigeria" Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, DOI : 10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220
, and ,Usman,S. "Surface soil factors and soil characteristics in geo-physical milieu of Kebbi State Nigeria" Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, DOI : 10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220
S,Usman "Surface soil factors and soil characteristics in geo-physical milieu of Kebbi State Nigeria" Eurasian J. Soil Sci, vol., no., pp., DOI : 10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220
Usman,Suleiman Surface soil factors and soil characteristics in geo-physical milieu of Kebbi State Nigeria. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science,. DOI : 10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220

How to cite

Usman, S., 2016. Surface soil factors and soil characteristics in geo-physical milieu of Kebbi State Nigeria. Eurasian J. Soil Sci. 5(3): 209 - 220. DOI : 10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220

Author information

Suleiman Usman , Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse (FUD), Jigawa State, Nigeria

Publication information

Issue published online: 01 Jul 2016
Article first published online : 03 Mar 2016
Manuscript Accepted : 08 Feb 2016
Manuscript Received: 15 Dec 2015
DOI: 10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220
Stable URL: http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.3.209-220

Abstract

Soil erodibility (K factor) is the most important tool for estimation the erosion. The aim of this study Soil factors and surface soil characteristics are important components of agricultural environment. They support surface and subsurface soils to perform many functions to agriculture and economic human developments. Understanding these factors would aid to the recognition of the values that our soil and land offered to humanity. It is therefore, aim of this study to visualise and examine the soil factors and surface soil characteristics in Kebbi State Nigeria. An Integrated Surface Soil Approach (ISSA) was used in the classification and description of soil environment in the study region. The factors constituted in the ISSA are important components of soil science that theories and practice(s) noted to provide ideas on how soil environment functioned. The results indicate that the surface soil environments around Arewa, Argungu, Augie, Birnin Kebbi and Dandi are physically familiar with the following surface soil characteristics: bad-lands, blown-out-lands, cirque-lands, fertile-lands, gullied-lands, miscellaneous and rock-outcrops.The major soil factors observed hat played an important role in surface soil manipulations and soil formation are alluvial, colluvial, fluvial and lacustrine; ant, earthworms and termite; and various forms of surface relief supported by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and wind. Overall, the surface soil environment of the region was describe according to their physical appearance into fadama clay soils, fadama clay-loam soils, dryland sandy soils, dryland sandy-loam soils, dryland stony soils and organic-mineral soils.

Keywords

Soil factors, soil characteristics, assessment

Corresponding author

References

Ahn, P.M., 1970. West African Soils. Oxford University Press. 231p.

Baker, K.M., 2000. Indigenous Land Management in West Africa: An Environmental Balancing Act. Oxford Geographical and Environment Studies. Oxford University Press. 198 p.      

Brady, N.C., Weil, R.R., 2007. Elements of the nature and properties of soil. 2nd edition. Pearson Prentice Hall Pub., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 614 p.

Brussaard, L., de Ruiter, P.C., Brown, G.G., 2007. Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 121(3): 233–244.

Castro-Huerta, R.A., Falco, L.B., Sandler, R.V., Coviella, C.E., 2015. Differential contribution of soil biota groups to plant litter decomposition as mediated by soil use. PeerJ 3:e826.

DESA, 2013. World economic and social survey 2013: Sustainable development challenges. department of economic and social affairs (DESA) of the United Nations Secretariat. United Nations publication,E/2013/50/Rev.1 ST/ESA/344.New York, USA.  Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/2843WESS2013.pdf [access date: 09.12.2015]

FAO, 2006. Guidelines for soil descriptions. 4th edition. Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nation, Rome, Italy. Available at:http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0541e.pdf [access date: 09.12.2015]

FAO, 2008. Visual soil assessment – Field guides. Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nation, Rome, Italy. Available at:http://www.fao.org/3/a-i0007e.pdf [access date: 09.12.2015]

FAO-SWALIM, 2007. Field Survey Manual. Project Report No L-01. Somalia Water and Land Information Management in Association with European Union and FAO. pp. 70-71.

Hartemink, A.E. 2006. The future of soil science. IUSS International Union of Soil Sciences. Wageningen, The Netherland. Available at: http://www.iec.cat/mapasols/DocuInteres/PDF/Llibre07.pdf [access date: 09.12.2015]

Jenney, H., 1994. Factors of soil formation: A system of quantitative pedology. Dover Publications Inc., New York, USA. 281 p.

KARDA, 1997. Diagnostic survey report of agro-forestry and land management practices in Kebbi State. Kebbi Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (KARDA), Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Li X., Yin X., Wang Z., Fan W., 2014. Interaction between decomposing litter and soil fauna of the Betula ermanii forest floor of the Changbai Mountains, China. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44(12):1507–1514.

NPCN-KB, 2007. 2006 National Population Census of Nigeria Report. NPCN, Kebbi State. Produced by NPC national headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria.

Olson, G.W., 1981. Soils and the environment: A guide to soil surveys and their applications. Dowden and Culver Book & Chapman and Hall, New York and London. pp. 22-24.

Ritz, K., Harris, J., Murray, P., 2010. The role of soil biota in soil fertility and quality, and approaches to influencing soil communities to enhance delivery of these functions. Defra project code: SP1601: Sub-Project A of Defra Project SP1601: Soil Functions, Quality and Degradation – Studies in Support of the Implementation of Soil Policy.

Soil Survey Staff, 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington DC, USA. 337 p.

Thompson, T.R.E., Rimmer, D.L., 2008. Soil science and policy: Issues behind the need for better land use planning and soil management. In: Proceeding of the SAC and SEPA Biennial Conference. Crighton, K.,Audsley, R. (Eds.). 26-27 March 2008, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 3-11.

USDA-NRCS, 2002. Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils, Version 2.0. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service. National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE, USA.

Usman S., 2007. Sustainable soil management of the dryland soils of northern Nigeria. GRIN Publishing GmbH, Munich, Germany. 114 p. Available at: http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/172291/sustainable-soil-management-of-thedryland-soils-in-northern-nigeria [access date: 09.12.2015]

Usman, S., 2013a. Visual assessment and classification of surface soil types in dryland and fadama areas of Kebbi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Development Research 3 (11): 141 – 146.

Usman, S., 2013b. Understanding soils: Environment and properties under agricultural conditions. America Star Books, Baltimore, USA. 158 p.

Yalwa, S.A., 2008. Broad scale vegetation change assessment across Nigeria from coarse special and high temporal resolution AVHRR Data. Cuvillier Verlag, Gottingen Nonnenoteg, Gottinen. Pp. 60 – 61.

Abstract

Soil erodibility (K factor) is the most important tool for estimation the erosion. The aim of this study Soil factors and surface soil characteristics are important components of agricultural environment. They support surface and subsurface soils to perform many functions to agriculture and economic human developments. Understanding these factors would aid to the recognition of the values that our soil and land offered to humanity. It is therefore, aim of this study to visualise and examine the soil factors and surface soil characteristics in Kebbi State Nigeria. An Integrated Surface Soil Approach (ISSA) was used in the classification and description of soil environment in the study region. The factors constituted in the ISSA are important components of soil science that theories and practice(s) noted to provide ideas on how soil environment functioned. The results indicate that the surface soil environments around Arewa, Argungu, Augie, Birnin Kebbi and Dandi are physically familiar with the following surface soil characteristics:  bad-lands, blown-out-lands, cirque-lands, fertile-lands, gullied-lands, miscellaneous and rock-outcrops.The major soil factors observed hat played an important role in surface soil manipulations and soil formation are alluvial, colluvial, fluvial and lacustrine; ant, earthworms and termite; and various forms of surface relief supported by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and wind. Overall, the surface soil environment of the region was describe according to their physical appearance into fadama clay soils, fadama clay-loam soils, dryland sandy soils, dryland sandy-loam soils, dryland stony soils and organic-mineral soils.

Keywords: Soil factors, soil characteristics, assessment 

References

Ahn, P.M., 1970. West African Soils. Oxford University Press. 231p.

Baker, K.M., 2000. Indigenous Land Management in West Africa: An Environmental Balancing Act. Oxford Geographical and Environment Studies. Oxford University Press. 198 p.      

Brady, N.C., Weil, R.R., 2007. Elements of the nature and properties of soil. 2nd edition. Pearson Prentice Hall Pub., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 614 p.

Brussaard, L., de Ruiter, P.C., Brown, G.G., 2007. Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 121(3): 233–244.

Castro-Huerta, R.A., Falco, L.B., Sandler, R.V., Coviella, C.E., 2015. Differential contribution of soil biota groups to plant litter decomposition as mediated by soil use. PeerJ 3:e826.

DESA, 2013. World economic and social survey 2013: Sustainable development challenges. department of economic and social affairs (DESA) of the United Nations Secretariat. United Nations publication,E/2013/50/Rev.1 ST/ESA/344.New York, USA.  Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/2843WESS2013.pdf [access date: 09.12.2015]

FAO, 2006. Guidelines for soil descriptions. 4th edition. Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nation, Rome, Italy. Available at:http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0541e.pdf [access date: 09.12.2015]

FAO, 2008. Visual soil assessment – Field guides. Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nation, Rome, Italy. Available at:http://www.fao.org/3/a-i0007e.pdf [access date: 09.12.2015]

FAO-SWALIM, 2007. Field Survey Manual. Project Report No L-01. Somalia Water and Land Information Management in Association with European Union and FAO. pp. 70-71.

Hartemink, A.E. 2006. The future of soil science. IUSS International Union of Soil Sciences. Wageningen, The Netherland. Available at: http://www.iec.cat/mapasols/DocuInteres/PDF/Llibre07.pdf [access date: 09.12.2015]

Jenney, H., 1994. Factors of soil formation: A system of quantitative pedology. Dover Publications Inc., New York, USA. 281 p.

KARDA, 1997. Diagnostic survey report of agro-forestry and land management practices in Kebbi State. Kebbi Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (KARDA), Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Li X., Yin X., Wang Z., Fan W., 2014. Interaction between decomposing litter and soil fauna of the Betula ermanii forest floor of the Changbai Mountains, China. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44(12):1507–1514.

NPCN-KB, 2007. 2006 National Population Census of Nigeria Report. NPCN, Kebbi State. Produced by NPC national headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria.

Olson, G.W., 1981. Soils and the environment: A guide to soil surveys and their applications. Dowden and Culver Book & Chapman and Hall, New York and London. pp. 22-24.

Ritz, K., Harris, J., Murray, P., 2010. The role of soil biota in soil fertility and quality, and approaches to influencing soil communities to enhance delivery of these functions. Defra project code: SP1601: Sub-Project A of Defra Project SP1601: Soil Functions, Quality and Degradation – Studies in Support of the Implementation of Soil Policy.

Soil Survey Staff, 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington DC, USA. 337 p.

Thompson, T.R.E., Rimmer, D.L., 2008. Soil science and policy: Issues behind the need for better land use planning and soil management. In: Proceeding of the SAC and SEPA Biennial Conference. Crighton, K.,Audsley, R. (Eds.). 26-27 March 2008, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 3-11.

USDA-NRCS, 2002. Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils, Version 2.0. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service. National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE, USA.

Usman S., 2007. Sustainable soil management of the dryland soils of northern Nigeria. GRIN Publishing GmbH, Munich, Germany. 114 p. Available at: http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/172291/sustainable-soil-management-of-thedryland-soils-in-northern-nigeria [access date: 09.12.2015]

Usman, S., 2013a. Visual assessment and classification of surface soil types in dryland and fadama areas of Kebbi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Development Research 3 (11): 141 – 146.

Usman, S., 2013b. Understanding soils: Environment and properties under agricultural conditions. America Star Books, Baltimore, USA. 158 p.

Yalwa, S.A., 2008. Broad scale vegetation change assessment across Nigeria from coarse special and high temporal resolution AVHRR Data. Cuvillier Verlag, Gottingen Nonnenoteg, Gottinen. Pp. 60 – 61.



Eurasian Journal of Soil Science