Eurasian Journal of Soil Science

Volume 12, Issue 2, Apr 2023, Pages 104 - 110
DOI: 10.18393/ejss.1198190
Stable URL: http://ejss.fess.org/10.18393/ejss.1198190
Copyright © 2023 The authors and Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies



Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elevated potassium applied under the irrigated ecosystem of Bangladesh

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Hossain,M., Rahman,M., Morshed,M., Uddin,M., Hera,M., Sultana,N., Hashem,M., 2023. Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elevated potassium applied under the irrigated ecosystem of Bangladesh. Eurasian J Soil Sci 12(2):104 - 110. DOI : 10.18393/ejss.1198190
Hossain,M.Rahman,M.,Morshed,M.Uddin,M.Hera,M.Sultana,N.,& Hashem,M. Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elevated potassium applied under the irrigated ecosystem of Bangladesh Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 12(2):104 - 110. DOI : 10.18393/ejss.1198190
Hossain,M.Rahman,M.,Morshed,M.Uddin,M.Hera,M.Sultana,N., and ,Hashem,M."Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elevated potassium applied under the irrigated ecosystem of Bangladesh" Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 12.2 (2023):104 - 110. DOI : 10.18393/ejss.1198190
Hossain,M.Rahman,M.,Morshed,M.Uddin,M.Hera,M.Sultana,N., and ,Hashem,M. "Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elevated potassium applied under the irrigated ecosystem of Bangladesh" Eurasian Journal of Soil Science,12(Apr 2023):104 - 110 DOI : 10.18393/ejss.1198190
M,Hossain.M,Rahman.M,Morshed.M,Uddin.M,Hera.N,Sultana.M,Hashem "Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elevated potassium applied under the irrigated ecosystem of Bangladesh" Eurasian J. Soil Sci, vol.12, no.2, pp.104 - 110 (Apr 2023), DOI : 10.18393/ejss.1198190
Hossain,Md Zakir ;Rahman,Md Mahfuzur ;Morshed,Md Niaz ;Uddin,Md Eftekhar ;Hera,Md Hasibur Rahaman ;Sultana,Naznin ;Hashem,Md Abul Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elevated potassium applied under the irrigated ecosystem of Bangladesh. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, (2023),12.2:104 - 110. DOI : 10.18393/ejss.1198190

How to cite

Hossain, M., Rahman, M., Morshed, M., Uddin, M., Hera, M., Sultana, N., Hashem, M., 2023. Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to elevated potassium applied under the irrigated ecosystem of Bangladesh. Eurasian J. Soil Sci. 12(2): 104 - 110. DOI : 10.18393/ejss.1198190

Author information

Md Zakir Hossain , Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
Md Mahfuzur Rahman , Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Samsun, Türkiye
Md Niaz Morshed , Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
Md Eftekhar Uddin , Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
Md Hasibur Rahaman Hera , Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
Naznin Sultana , Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh
Md Abul Hashem , Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Publication information

Article first published online : 02 Nov 2022
Manuscript Accepted : 25 Oct 2022
Manuscript Received: 11 Mar 2022
DOI: 10.18393/ejss.1198190
Stable URL: http://ejss.fesss.org/10.18393/ejss.1198190

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, during the Boro season, 2017 with six different K fertilizer rates: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg ha-1 to determine the optimum rate of potassium (K) fertilization for the improved yield of a specific rice variety in the irrigated ecosystem under floodplain area. Compared with no K fertilizer, adding K increased the rice grain and straw yields significantly, with all other yield contributing components, except 1000-grain weight. The highest yield of grain (7.07 ton ha-1) and straw (8.48 ton ha-1) were recorded in recommended fertilizer dose (RFD) of NPS + 50kg K treatment, which were statistically identical with RFD of NPS + 40 kg K. Rice grain and straw yields due to the different treatments increased by 18.65% to 53.74% and 18.67% to 53.78%, respectively over control. K content and uptake through grain and straw were significantly influenced by applying different levels of K. These results specified that the use of 40 kg K ha-1 had better performance on the grain and straw yields. Therefore, we conclude that the application of 40 kg K ha-1 along with the RFD of NPS for BRRI dhan29 cultivation is the best option for higher yield in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain soil.

Keywords

Boro rice, floodplain, irrigated ecosystem, potassium, yield.

Corresponding author

References

Ahsan, K., Saleque, M.A., Abedin, J., Bhuiyan, N.I., 1997. Multiple year response of wetland rice to potassium fertilizer and apparent potassium balance in soil. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science 30: 501–509.

Asif, M., Anwar, M., 2007. Phenology, leaf area and yield of spring maize (Cv. Azam) as affected by levels and timings of potassium application. World Applied Sciences Journal 2(4): 299-303.

Atapattu, A.J., Prasantha, B.D.R., Amaratunga, K.S.P., Marambe, B., 2018. Increased rate of potassium fertilizer at the time of heading enhances the quality of direct seeded rice. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 5:22.

Bahmaniar, M.A., Ranjbar, G.A., Ahmadian, S.H., 2007. Effects of N and K applications on agronomic characteristics of two Iranian and landrace rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(6): 880–886.

BBS, 2020. Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics-2019. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Biswas, J.C., Ahmed, M.T., Islam, M.R., 2001. Lodging vs non-lodging in BRRI dhan32. Bangladesh Journal of Training and Development 14: 107-113.

Brolley, M., 2015. Rice security is food security for much of the world. Rice Today. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines. 30-32p.

BRRI, 2022. BRRI Rice Varieties. Bangladesh Rice Knowledge Bank. Available at [Access date: 20.02.2022]: http://knowledgebank-brri.org/brri-rice-varieties/

Chauhan, B.S., Opeña, J., 2013. Weed management and grain yield of rice sown at low seeding rates in mechanized dry-seeded systems. Field Crops Research 141: 9–15.

Cheema, M.A., Wahid, M.A., Sattar, A., Rasul, F., Saleem, M.F., 2012. Influence of different levels of potassium on growth, yield and quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 49: 163-168.

Choudhury, A.T.M.A., Saleque, M.A., Zaman, S.K., Bhuiyan, N.I., Shah, A.L., Rahman, M.S., 2013. Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Strategies for Rice Production in Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series B  Biological Sciences 56(3): 167–174.

FRG, 2012. Fertilizer Recommendation Guide,  Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC). Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh. 274p.

Gu, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, H., Li, Z., Zhou, Q., Yu, C., Kong, X., Liu, L., Wang, Z., Yang, J., 2017. Canopy light and nitrogen distributions are related to grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. Field Crops Research 206: 74–85.

Hou, W., Xue, X., Li, X., Khan, M.R., Yan, J., Ren, T., Cong, R., Lu, J., 2019. Interactive effects of nitrogen and potassium on: Grain yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of rice in low potassium fertility soil in China. Field Crops Research 236: 14–23.

IRRI, 2015. Rice in Latin Ammerica: past, present and promising future. Rice Today. Vol 14, No 1. International Rice Research Institute. Metro Manila, Philippines. 44p. Available at [Access date: 20.02.2022]: http://books.irri.org/RT14_1_content.pdf

Islam, A., Muttaleb, A., 2016. Effect of potassium fertilization on yield and potassium nutrition of Boro rice in a wetland ecosystem of Bangladesh. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 62(11): 1530–1540.

Krishnappa, M., Gowda, K.N., Shankarnarayan, V., Maharudrappa, K., Khan, M.M., 1990. Effect of graded levels and split application of potassium on its availability and yield of rice. Journal of Potassium Research 6(4): 156–161.

Li, J., Lu, J., Li, X., Ren, T., Cong, R., Zhou, L., 2014. Dynamics of potassium release and adsorption on rice straw residue. PLOS ONE 9(2): e90440.

Lu, Z., Lu, J., Pan, Y., Lu, P., Li, X., Cong, R., Ren, T., 2016. Anatomical variation of mesophyll conductance under potassium deficiency has a vital role in determining leaf photosynthesis. Plant, Cell & Environment 39: 2428–2439.

Ma, Q., Bell, R., Biddulph, B., 2019. Potassium application alleviates grain sterility and increases yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in frost-prone Mediterranean-type climate. Plant and Soil 434(1–2): 203–216.

Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Second edition. Academic Press, London.

Miah, M.A.M., Saha, P.K., Islam, A., Hasan, M.N., Nosov, V., 2008. Potassium fertilization in rice-rice and rice-wheat cropping system in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture and Environment 4: 51–67.

Mitra, G.N., Sahoo, D., Rout, K.K., 2001. Effect of N-K interaction on yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality of rice-groundnut cropping sequence in the alluvial soils of Orissa. Journal of Potassium Research 17(1): 71–78.

Mohanty, S., Mandal, L., 1989. Transformation and budgeting of N, P and K in soils for rice cultivation. Oryza 26: 213–231.

Mukherjee, D., Sen, A., 2005. Influence of rice husk and fertility levels on the nutrient content of rice (Oryza sativa L.).  Agricultural Science Digest 25(2): 151–152.

Naher, U.A., Saleque, M.A., Panhwar, Q.A., Radziah, O., Jusop, S., 2011. Techniques of efficient fertilizer management for wetland rice - a review. Australian Journal of Crop Science 5(12): 1661–1669.

Nieves-Cordones, M., Ródenas, R., Lara, A., Martínez, V., Rubio, F., 2019. The combination of K+ deficiency with other environmental stresses: What is the outcome? Physiologia Plantarum 165(2): 264–276.

Norton, G.J., Travis, A.J., Danku, J.M.C., Salt, D.E., Hossain, M., Islam, M.R., Price, A.H., 2017. Biomass and elemental concentrations of 22 rice cultivars grown under alternate wetting and drying conditions at three field sites in Bangladesh. Food and Energy Security 6(3): 98–112.

Peng, S., Buresh, R.J., Huang, J., Zhong, X., Zou, Y., Yang, J., Wang, G., Liu, Y., Hu, R., Tang, Q., Cui, K., Zhang, F., Dobermann, A., 2010. Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by sitespecific N management. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 30(3): 649–656.

Peng, X., Yang, Y., Yu, C., Chen, L., Zhang, M., Liu, Z., Sun, Y., Luo, S., Liu, Y., 2015. Crop management for ıncreasing rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in Northeast China. Agronomy Journal 107(5): 1682–1690.

Pettigrew, W.T., 2008. Potassium influences on yield and quality production for maize, wheat, soybean and cotton. Physiologia Plantarum 133(4): 670–681.

Rijmpa, J., Islam, F., 2002. Nutrient mining and its effect on crop production and environment. In: Seminar on soil health management: DAE-SFFP experience. Dhaka (Bangladesh): DAE-SFFP, Khamarbari.

Saha, P.K., Ishaque, M., Saleque, M.A., Miah, M.A.M., Panaullah, G. M., Bhuiyan, N. I., 2007. Long‐term integrated nutrient management for rice‐based cropping pattern: Effect on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, nutrient balance sheet, and soil fertility. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38(5–6): 579–610.

Saleque, M.A., Saha, P.K., Panaullah, G.M., Bhuiyan, N.I., 1998. Response of wetland rice to potassium in farmers’ fields of the Barind tract of Bangladesh. Journal of Plant Nutrition 21(1): 39–47.

Shahbandeh, M., 2021. Top countries based on production of milled rice 2019/20. Available at [Access date: 20.02.2022]: https://www.statista.com 

Wang, Y., Wu, W.H., 2013. Potassium Transport and Signaling in Higher Plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 64: 451–476.

Yamano, T., Arouna, A., Labarta, R.A., Huelgas, Z.M., Mohanty, S., 2016. Adoption and impacts of international rice research technologies. Global Food Security 8: 1–8.

Ye, T., Xue, X., Lu, J., Yan, J., Ren, T., Cong, R., Li, X., 2020. Effects of potassium fertilization on crops yield, potassium uptake, and soil potassium fertility in rice-oilseed rape cropping systems. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 68: 873-885.

Yuan, L., 2017. Progress in super-hybrid rice breeding. The Crop Journal 5(2): 100–102.

Zhang, J., Lu, Z., Pan, Y., Ren, T., Cong, R., Lu, J., Li, X., 2019. Potassium deficiency aggravates yield loss in rice by restricting the translocation of non-structural carbohydrates under Sarocladium oryzae infection condition. Physiologia Plantarum 167(3): 352–364.

Zorb, C., Senbayram, M., Peiter, E., 2014. Potassium in agriculture - Status and perspectives. Journal of Plant Physiology 171(9): 656–669.

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, during the Boro season, 2017 with six different K fertilizer rates: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg ha-1 to determine the optimum rate of potassium (K) fertilization for the improved yield of a specific rice variety in the irrigated ecosystem under floodplain area. Compared with no K fertilizer, adding K increased the rice grain and straw yields significantly, with all other yield contributing components, except 1000-grain weight. The highest yield of grain (7.07 ton ha-1) and straw (8.48 ton ha-1) were recorded in recommended fertilizer dose (RFD) of NPS + 50kg K treatment, which were statistically identical with RFD of NPS + 40 kg K. Rice grain and straw yields due to the different treatments increased by 18.65% to 53.74% and 18.67% to 53.78%, respectively over control. K content and uptake through grain and straw were significantly influenced by applying different levels of K. These results specified that the use of 40 kg K ha-1 had better performance on the grain and straw yields. Therefore, we conclude that the application of 40 kg K ha-1 along with the RFD of NPS for BRRI dhan29 cultivation is the best option for higher yield in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain soil.

Keywords: Boro rice, floodplain, irrigated ecosystem, potassium, yield.

References

Ahsan, K., Saleque, M.A., Abedin, J., Bhuiyan, N.I., 1997. Multiple year response of wetland rice to potassium fertilizer and apparent potassium balance in soil. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science 30: 501–509.

Asif, M., Anwar, M., 2007. Phenology, leaf area and yield of spring maize (Cv. Azam) as affected by levels and timings of potassium application. World Applied Sciences Journal 2(4): 299-303.

Atapattu, A.J., Prasantha, B.D.R., Amaratunga, K.S.P., Marambe, B., 2018. Increased rate of potassium fertilizer at the time of heading enhances the quality of direct seeded rice. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 5:22.

Bahmaniar, M.A., Ranjbar, G.A., Ahmadian, S.H., 2007. Effects of N and K applications on agronomic characteristics of two Iranian and landrace rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(6): 880–886.

BBS, 2020. Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics-2019. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Biswas, J.C., Ahmed, M.T., Islam, M.R., 2001. Lodging vs non-lodging in BRRI dhan32. Bangladesh Journal of Training and Development 14: 107-113.

Brolley, M., 2015. Rice security is food security for much of the world. Rice Today. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines. 30-32p.

BRRI, 2022. BRRI Rice Varieties. Bangladesh Rice Knowledge Bank. Available at [Access date: 20.02.2022]: http://knowledgebank-brri.org/brri-rice-varieties/

Chauhan, B.S., Opeña, J., 2013. Weed management and grain yield of rice sown at low seeding rates in mechanized dry-seeded systems. Field Crops Research 141: 9–15.

Cheema, M.A., Wahid, M.A., Sattar, A., Rasul, F., Saleem, M.F., 2012. Influence of different levels of potassium on growth, yield and quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 49: 163-168.

Choudhury, A.T.M.A., Saleque, M.A., Zaman, S.K., Bhuiyan, N.I., Shah, A.L., Rahman, M.S., 2013. Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Strategies for Rice Production in Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series B  Biological Sciences 56(3): 167–174.

FRG, 2012. Fertilizer Recommendation Guide,  Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC). Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh. 274p.

Gu, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, H., Li, Z., Zhou, Q., Yu, C., Kong, X., Liu, L., Wang, Z., Yang, J., 2017. Canopy light and nitrogen distributions are related to grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. Field Crops Research 206: 74–85.

Hou, W., Xue, X., Li, X., Khan, M.R., Yan, J., Ren, T., Cong, R., Lu, J., 2019. Interactive effects of nitrogen and potassium on: Grain yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of rice in low potassium fertility soil in China. Field Crops Research 236: 14–23.

IRRI, 2015. Rice in Latin Ammerica: past, present and promising future. Rice Today. Vol 14, No 1. International Rice Research Institute. Metro Manila, Philippines. 44p. Available at [Access date: 20.02.2022]: http://books.irri.org/RT14_1_content.pdf

Islam, A., Muttaleb, A., 2016. Effect of potassium fertilization on yield and potassium nutrition of Boro rice in a wetland ecosystem of Bangladesh. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 62(11): 1530–1540.

Krishnappa, M., Gowda, K.N., Shankarnarayan, V., Maharudrappa, K., Khan, M.M., 1990. Effect of graded levels and split application of potassium on its availability and yield of rice. Journal of Potassium Research 6(4): 156–161.

Li, J., Lu, J., Li, X., Ren, T., Cong, R., Zhou, L., 2014. Dynamics of potassium release and adsorption on rice straw residue. PLOS ONE 9(2): e90440.

Lu, Z., Lu, J., Pan, Y., Lu, P., Li, X., Cong, R., Ren, T., 2016. Anatomical variation of mesophyll conductance under potassium deficiency has a vital role in determining leaf photosynthesis. Plant, Cell & Environment 39: 2428–2439.

Ma, Q., Bell, R., Biddulph, B., 2019. Potassium application alleviates grain sterility and increases yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in frost-prone Mediterranean-type climate. Plant and Soil 434(1–2): 203–216.

Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Second edition. Academic Press, London.

Miah, M.A.M., Saha, P.K., Islam, A., Hasan, M.N., Nosov, V., 2008. Potassium fertilization in rice-rice and rice-wheat cropping system in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture and Environment 4: 51–67.

Mitra, G.N., Sahoo, D., Rout, K.K., 2001. Effect of N-K interaction on yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality of rice-groundnut cropping sequence in the alluvial soils of Orissa. Journal of Potassium Research 17(1): 71–78.

Mohanty, S., Mandal, L., 1989. Transformation and budgeting of N, P and K in soils for rice cultivation. Oryza 26: 213–231.

Mukherjee, D., Sen, A., 2005. Influence of rice husk and fertility levels on the nutrient content of rice (Oryza sativa L.).  Agricultural Science Digest 25(2): 151–152.

Naher, U.A., Saleque, M.A., Panhwar, Q.A., Radziah, O., Jusop, S., 2011. Techniques of efficient fertilizer management for wetland rice - a review. Australian Journal of Crop Science 5(12): 1661–1669.

Nieves-Cordones, M., Ródenas, R., Lara, A., Martínez, V., Rubio, F., 2019. The combination of K+ deficiency with other environmental stresses: What is the outcome? Physiologia Plantarum 165(2): 264–276.

Norton, G.J., Travis, A.J., Danku, J.M.C., Salt, D.E., Hossain, M., Islam, M.R., Price, A.H., 2017. Biomass and elemental concentrations of 22 rice cultivars grown under alternate wetting and drying conditions at three field sites in Bangladesh. Food and Energy Security 6(3): 98–112.

Peng, S., Buresh, R.J., Huang, J., Zhong, X., Zou, Y., Yang, J., Wang, G., Liu, Y., Hu, R., Tang, Q., Cui, K., Zhang, F., Dobermann, A., 2010. Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by sitespecific N management. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 30(3): 649–656.

Peng, X., Yang, Y., Yu, C., Chen, L., Zhang, M., Liu, Z., Sun, Y., Luo, S., Liu, Y., 2015. Crop management for ıncreasing rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in Northeast China. Agronomy Journal 107(5): 1682–1690.

Pettigrew, W.T., 2008. Potassium influences on yield and quality production for maize, wheat, soybean and cotton. Physiologia Plantarum 133(4): 670–681.

Rijmpa, J., Islam, F., 2002. Nutrient mining and its effect on crop production and environment. In: Seminar on soil health management: DAE-SFFP experience. Dhaka (Bangladesh): DAE-SFFP, Khamarbari.

Saha, P.K., Ishaque, M., Saleque, M.A., Miah, M.A.M., Panaullah, G. M., Bhuiyan, N. I., 2007. Long‐term integrated nutrient management for rice‐based cropping pattern: Effect on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, nutrient balance sheet, and soil fertility. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38(5–6): 579–610.

Saleque, M.A., Saha, P.K., Panaullah, G.M., Bhuiyan, N.I., 1998. Response of wetland rice to potassium in farmers’ fields of the Barind tract of Bangladesh. Journal of Plant Nutrition 21(1): 39–47.

Shahbandeh, M., 2021. Top countries based on production of milled rice 2019/20. Available at [Access date: 20.02.2022]: https://www.statista.com 

Wang, Y., Wu, W.H., 2013. Potassium Transport and Signaling in Higher Plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 64: 451–476.

Yamano, T., Arouna, A., Labarta, R.A., Huelgas, Z.M., Mohanty, S., 2016. Adoption and impacts of international rice research technologies. Global Food Security 8: 1–8.

Ye, T., Xue, X., Lu, J., Yan, J., Ren, T., Cong, R., Li, X., 2020. Effects of potassium fertilization on crops yield, potassium uptake, and soil potassium fertility in rice-oilseed rape cropping systems. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 68: 873-885.

Yuan, L., 2017. Progress in super-hybrid rice breeding. The Crop Journal 5(2): 100–102.

Zhang, J., Lu, Z., Pan, Y., Ren, T., Cong, R., Lu, J., Li, X., 2019. Potassium deficiency aggravates yield loss in rice by restricting the translocation of non-structural carbohydrates under Sarocladium oryzae infection condition. Physiologia Plantarum 167(3): 352–364.

Zorb, C., Senbayram, M., Peiter, E., 2014. Potassium in agriculture - Status and perspectives. Journal of Plant Physiology 171(9): 656–669.



Eurasian Journal of Soil Science